Introduction
9 out of 10 regions in Cameroon are in the grip of 3 complex and separate humanitarian crises: (i) Lake Chad crisis in the country’s Far North (part of Lake Chad and bordering with Nigeria), (ii) the Anglophone crisis in the North-West and South-West regions, and a refugee crisis (iii) from the neighbouring Central African Republic.
Violence and insecurity have uprooted people: more than 2.1 million people are now internally displaced, returnees or refugees. Today, 2.5 million of the country's 28 million people are facing acute food insecurity, and 146 000 children are acutely severely malnourished
These humanitarian emergencies have a considerable impact on the resilience of host populations who share their already limited resources and strained basic services with the displaced.
Cameroon has been for 6 consecutive years on the NRC’s most neglected crisis index and ranked 2nd in the world in 2023.
What are the needs?
3.4 million people are in need of humanitarian aid in 2024. Humanitarian access remains a major challenge due to insecurity, poor road conditions and most recently, devastating floods.
The security situation in conflict affected areas shows a worrying trend with almost as many security incidents during the first 7 months of 2024 (4,339) as in the whole of 2023 (4,518) and almost twice as many as in 2022.
Since 2017, in the North-West and South-West regions, political tensions have turned into violent clashes and a full-blown humanitarian crisis. The conflict has driven over 580,000 people out of their homes in these regions; almost 70,000 Cameroonians have sought refuge in neighbouring Nigeria. The spillover from this crisis affects the West and Littoral regions too.
In these 2 anglophone regions, thousands of people continue to suffer from human rights violations and abuses including kidnapping, sexual and gender-based violence, and targeted killings. Women, men, girls, and boys are acutely affected by protection risks. Banditry, looting and property destruction, tax extortions, movement restrictions (incl. bridge destructions), and improvised explosive devices, create a climate of fear and profound insecurity.
Food, education, protection and drinking water are the top priority needs for the displaced population in these 2 regions, followed by shelter and health. The education sector is one of the most affected by the crisis, with different barriers to access education as boycotts, threats and attacks by non-state armed groups on students, personnel and facilities, resulting in 2066 non-operational schools in the region (thus 59% of functional schools and 41% of non-functional schools) and approximatively 488,656 children affected by education crisis.
In the 2024 lean season, Cameroon is seeing an increase in acute food insecurity caseload of 45% compared to the 2018-2023 average during the same season, with almost 2.5 million people required emergency food assistance (IPC Phase 3+).
Since 2013, violence in the neighbouring Central African Republic caused a massive influx of refugees in Cameroon’s East, North and Adamawa regions, already chronically vulnerable. There are currently 282,000 Central African refugees in Cameroon. Most of them live in local communities, adding pressure on access to basic services and local resources.
The Lake Chad conflict still affects Cameroon’s Far North region, with killings of civilians, villages being randomly looted or burnt, properties and cattle being stolen and kidnappings. Cameroon hosts almost 125,000 Nigerian refugees. Around 453,000 Cameroonians have fled their homes in the region. Farmers are insecure, families are at risk of food shortages, women and girls are exposed to sexual and gender-based violence and healthcare services are reduced to a minimum.
Additionally, the Far North region is prone to climate hazards, such as drought, floods, and disease outbreaks, like cholera, measles, and Mpox.
This region experiences recurrent and intense flooding during the rainy season. Every year these floods strike vulnerable communities already facing challenges due to climate change, pockets of drought, locust invasions, granivorous bird invasions, pachyderm invasions added to the highly volatile security context, not to mention the structural poverty of the Region.
All these factors significantly affect the resilience and livelihoods of these communities. 2024 saw the highest historical levels of floods, with about 450,000 people affected in the Far North divisions of Mayo-Danay and Logone and Chari.
How are we helping?
In 2024, the EU has allocated €27.6 million in humanitarian aid to support the most vulnerable in the country.
This year, the EU has allocated over €2,1 million in emergency humanitarian aid to respond to the floods that have caused devastating human and material losses, to provide life-saving assistance in the areas of health, shelter, essential goods, as well as access to water and sanitation.
Since 2017, the EU has allocated €184 million in humanitarian aid to the country. EU-funded actions in Cameroon are supporting:
- internally displaced Cameroonians
- refugees from Nigeria
- most vulnerable host communities
EU humanitarian aid focuses on providing food/nutrition, health care, shelter, education , disaster preparedness, protection and safe drinking water and sanitation.
Immediate humanitarian assistance to newly displaced people and refugees remains crucial. However, given the protracted nature of the displacement aid efforts are also being directed at improving their livelihoods, self-reliance and to supporting them with durable solutions.
Last updated: 25/11/2024