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MQTT 协议 5.0 中文版 MQTT 协议是一种轻量级的、基于发布/订阅模式的消息传输协议，设计思想是轻巧、开放、简单、规范，因此易于实现。MQTT 协议 5.0 是 OASIS Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) TC 委员会规范草案，于 2017 年 10 月 26 日发布。 MQTT 协议 5.0 的主要特点包括： * 使用发布/订阅消息模式，提供了一对多的消息分发和应用之间的解耦。 * 消息传输不需要知道负载内容。 * 提供三种等级的服务质量： + “最多一次”，尽操作环境所能提供的最大努力分发消息。消息可能会丢失。 + “至少一次”，保证消息可以到达，但是可能会重复。 + “仅一次”，保证消息只到达一次。 * 很小的传输消耗和协议数据交换，最大限度减少网络流量。 * 异常连接断开发生时，能通知到相关各方。 MQTT 协议 5.0 的设计思想是轻巧、开放、简单、规范，因此易于实现。这使得它对很多场景来说都是很好的选择，包括受限的环境如机器与机器的通信（M2M）以及物联网环境（IoT），这些场景要求很小的代码封装或者网络带宽非常昂贵。 MQTT 协议 5.0 运行在 TCP/IP，或其他提供了有序、可靠、双向连接的网络连接上。它的应用场景包括： * 机器与机器的通信（M2M） * 物联网环境（IoT） * 环境传感器数据传输 * 计费系统 * 等 MQTT 协议 5.0 的技术委员会成员包括 Brian Raymor（Microsoft）、Richard Coppen（IBM）、Andrew Banks（IBM）、Ed Briggs（Microsoft）、Ken Borgendale（IBM）和 Rahul Gupta（IBM）。 MQTT 协议 5.0 的相关文档包括： * MQTT 协议 3.1.1 版本 * MQTT 和 NIST 网络安全框架 1.0 版 MQTT 协议 5.0 的发布历史包括： * 2017 年 10 月 26 日，MQTT 协议 5.0 公开评审草案中文版发布 * 2014 年 10 月 29 日，MQTT 协议 3.1.1 版本发布 MQTT 协议 5.0 的主要技术特点包括： * 轻量级的协议设计 * 发布/订阅消息模式 * 三种等级的服务质量 * 小的传输消耗和协议数据交换 * 异常连接断开通知 MQTT 协议 5.0 是一个轻量级的、基于发布/订阅模式的消息传输协议，设计思想是轻巧、开放、简单、规范，因此易于实现。它对很多场景来说都是很好的选择，包括受限的环境如机器与机器的通信（M2M）以及物联网环境（IoT）。

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2017 年 10 月 26 日

MQTT v5.0 公开评审草案中文版 1/132

MQTT 协议 5.0 中文版

委员会规范草案 02 /

公开评审草案 02

2017 年 10 月 26 日

规范链接

当前版本：

http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/csprd02/mqtt-v5.0-csprd02.docx (Authoritative)

http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/csprd02/mqtt-v5.0-csprd02.html

http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/csprd02/mqtt-v5.0-csprd02.pdf

以前的版本：

http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/csprd01/mqtt-v5.0-csprd01.docx (Authoritative)

http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/csprd01/mqtt-v5.0-csprd01.html

http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/csprd01/mqtt-v5.0-csprd01.pdf

最新版本

位置。技术委员会产生的其他修订版和其他技

术文档都列在这里：https://www.oasis-

open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=mqtt#technical .

技术委员会成员对本规范的评论应该发送到技术委员会的邮件列表。其他人应该发送评论到技术委

员会的公共评论列表，方法是点击技术委员会网站的发送评论按钮，网页地址是

https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/mqtt/ .

本规范草案的发布基于 OASIS 知识产权政策的 Non-Assertion 模式。关于实现本规范必不可少的

任何专利是否已公开，以及其他的专利许可条款相关的信息，请参考技术委员会网站的知识产权部

分 (https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/mqtt/ipr.php).

请注意，为本产品声明的任何机器可读内容（计算机语言定义）单独提供纯文本文件。对于产品叙

述文档中出现的任何不一致，以纯文本文档为准。

引用格式：

引用此规范时应该使用下面的引文格式：

[mqtt-v5.0]

MQTT Version 5.0. Edited by Andrew Banks, Ed Briggs, Ken Borgendale, and Rahul Gupta. 26

October 2017. OASIS Committee Specification Draft 02 / Public Review Draft 02.

http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/csprd02/mqtt-v5.0-csprd02.html. Latest version:

http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/mqtt-v5.0.html

2017 年 10 月 26 日

MQTT v5.0 公开评审草案中文版 4/132

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2017 年 10 月 26 日

MQTT v5.0 公开评审草案中文版 5/132

1 概述 ................................................................................................................................................................... 12

1.0 知识产权政策 .................................................................................................................................................. 12

1.1 MQTT 协议的组织结构 .................................................................................................................................. 12

1.2 术语 .................................................................................................................................................................. 12

1.3 规范引用 .......................................................................................................................................................... 14

1.4 非规范引用 ...................................................................................................................................................... 14

1.5 数据表示 .......................................................................................................................................................... 17

1.5.1 二进制位 .................................................................................................................................................. 17

1.5.2 双字节整数 .............................................................................................................................................. 17

1.5.3 四字节整数 .............................................................................................................................................. 17

1.5.4 UTF-8 编码字符串 ................................................................................................................................. 17

1.5.5 变长字节整数 .......................................................................................................................................... 19

1.5.6 二进制数据 .............................................................................................................................................. 20

1.5.7 UTF-8 字符串对...................................................................................................................................... 20

1.6 安全 .................................................................................................................................................................. 20

1.7 编辑约定 .......................................................................................................................................................... 20

1.8 变更历史 .......................................................................................................................................................... 20

1.8.1 MQTT v3.1.1 .......................................................................................................................................... 20

1.8.2 MQTT v5.0 .............................................................................................................................................. 20

2 MQTT 控制报文格式........................................................................................................................................ 22

2.1 MQTT 控制报文结构 ...................................................................................................................................... 22

2.1.1 固定报头 .................................................................................................................................................. 22

2.1.2 MQTT 控制报文的类型 .......................................................................................................................... 22

2.1.3 标志 .......................................................................................................................................................... 23

2.1.4 剩余长度 .................................................................................................................................................. 24

2.2 可变报头 .......................................................................................................................................................... 24

2.2.1 报文标识符 .............................................................................................................................................. 24

2.2.2 属性 .......................................................................................................................................................... 26

2.2.2.1 属性长度 ........................................................................................................................................................... 26

2.2.2.2 属性 ................................................................................................................................................................... 26

2.3 有效载荷 .......................................................................................................................................................... 27

2.4 原因码 .............................................................................................................................................................. 28

3 MQTT 控制报文 ............................................................................................................................................... 31

3.1 CONNECT – 连接请求 .................................................................................................................................. 31

3.1.1 CONNECT 固定报头 ............................................................................................................................. 31

3.1.2 CONNECT 可变报头 ............................................................................................................................. 31

3.1.2.1 协议名 ............................................................................................................................................................... 31

3.1.2.2 协议版本 ........................................................................................................................................................... 32

3.1.2.3 连接标志 ........................................................................................................................................................... 32