【主谓一致】是英语语法中的重要概念,指的是谓语动词在数上与主语保持一致。在简单句中,通常遵循基本规则:单数主语搭配单数动词,复数主语搭配复数动词。但在某些特殊情况下,主谓一致可能会依据特定的原则进行调整。
**一、语法一致原则**
此原则是最基本的规则,即主语的语法形式决定了谓语动词的数。例如:
1. "The number of errors was surprising." 在这个句子中,"the number"是单数,所以谓语动词"was"也是单数。
2. "We love our motherland." 主语"We"是复数,所以谓语动词"love"也相应地使用复数形式。
**二、意义一致原则**
当主语的含义决定其数量时,谓语动词会与其意义保持一致,而不完全依赖于其表面的语法形式。例如:
1. "The crowd were fighting for their lives." 尽管"crowd"在语法上被视为单数,但这里表示的是多人,所以谓语动词使用复数形式"were"。
2. "Three years in a strange land seems like a long time." "years"虽为复数,但在这里被看作一个整体,故谓语动词"seems"使用单数形式。
**三、就近原则**
谓语动词的数与它最近的名词或代词的数保持一致,尤其是在以下结构中:
- or, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or…. not only …but also…,not……but……连接的主语
- there be/here be句型
例如:
1. "Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there."
2. "Either my wife or I am going to work there."
3. "There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk."
4. "Here are some envelopes and paper for you."
5. "Not only Jane and Mary but also I are tired of having one examination after another." 此处选择B,因为最近的主语是"Jane and Mary",复数形式。
6. "There is too much furniture in this room." "furniture"是不可数名词,所以用单数谓语"is"。
7. "Neither Tom nor his parents are at home." "parents"是复数,所以谓语动词使用"are"。
8. "Either the dean or the principal attends the meeting." "dean"是单数,所以谓语动词用"attends"。
9. "Not the students but the teacher was wrong." "teacher"是单数,因此谓语动词用"was"。
这些例子展示了主谓一致在不同情境下的应用。理解并掌握主谓一致的规则对于正确构造英语句子至关重要,特别是在高考试题中,这一知识点常作为考点出现。学生需要通过大量的练习和理解来熟练运用这些原则,确保在写作和口语中避免语法错误。