Blue-detuned optical atom trapping in a compact
plasmonic structure
ZHAO CHEN,
1
FAN ZHANG,
1
QI ZHANG,
1
JUANJUAN REN,
1
HE HAO,
1
XUEKE DUAN,
1
PENGFEI ZHANG,
2,3
TIANCAI ZHANG,
2,3
YING GU,
1,2,
* AND QIHUANG GONG
1,2
1
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics,
Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2
Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
*Corresponding author: ygu@pku.edu.cn
Received 17 April 2017; revised 28 June 2017; accepted 28 June 2017; posted 21 July 2017 (Doc. ID 292922); published 21 August 2017
We theoretically propose blue-detuned optical trapping for neutral atoms via strong near-field interfacing in a
plasmonic nanohole array. The optical field at resonance forms a nanoscale-trap potential with an FWHM of
200 nm and about ∼370 nm away from the nanohole; thus, a stable 3D atom trapping independent of the surface
potential is demonstrated. The effective trap depth is more than 1 mK when the optical power of trapping light is
only about 0.5 mW, while the atom scattering rate is merely about 3.31 s
−1
, and the trap lifetime is about 800 s.
This compact plasmonic structure provides high uniformity of trap depths and a two-layer array of atom nano-
traps, which should have important applications in the manipulation of cold atoms and collective resonance
fluorescence.
© 2017 Chinese Laser Press
OCIS codes: (240.6680) Surface plasmons; (230.4555) Coupled resonators; (020.1335) Atom optics; (020.7010) Laser trapping.
https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.5.000436
1. INTRODUCTION
Trapping and cooling neutral atoms, which is an active field in
atomic optics, is important to achieve the Bose–Einstein con-
densate (BEC), test basic physical laws, and measure basic physi-
cal constants in a more accurate manner [1–5]. In recent years,
optical dipole traps have become a widely used tool for trapping
neutral atoms [5]. The dipole trap mainly uses the gradient light
intensity formed by the focused light field to produce a dipole
effect on a neutral atom. In the more used red-detuned traps, the
atoms are trapped in the position with the strongest light inten-
sity under attractive potential [6,7]. However, even in the case of
a far-off resonance optical dipole trap (FORT) light, the atom
will be subjected to large photon’s Rayleigh and Raman scatter-
ing, resulting in obvious destruction of atomic coherence and
heating effect [5]. Simultaneously, the atomic energy level usu-
ally has a serious optical frequency shift in the strongest light
intensity position [8]. In contrast, for the blue-detuned traps
[9–11], the atoms are trapped in the weakest position under
the exclusion potential; thus, the impact of the blue-detuned
light is very small. But compared with the red-detuned traps,
the construction of the blue-detuned traps is often more com-
plex [4,6–11]. Later on, the researchers proposed the use of an
evanescent wave method to achieve atom trapping [12–17].
Furthermore, in order to create a stable trapping potential,
two-color traps (a red-detuned and a blue-detuned light) with
a relatively large power and appropriate power ratio are needed
because of the attractive van der Waals forces in the structure
surface, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of the experi-
ments [12–17]. Therefore, to trap atoms stably in a compact
structure with very low power, blue-detuned light is needed.
As we know, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are optical
resonance originating from excitation of free electron oscilla-
tions at the surface of metals [18]. SPPs are in a subwavelength
scale with great local field enhancement effect, and they can
break through a diffraction limit, which has many important
applications in the fields of materials, energy, biology, and
information [19–24]. Thus, combining the neutr al atom trap-
ping with nanoplasmonic structures would open the possibility
of achieving ultracompact functional optical components in
highly integrated optics. For example, Murphy et al. proposed
a suspended Ag sphere dimer and a parabolic plasmonic struc-
ture for isolated atom trapping [25,26], respectively. Gullans
et al. studied a kind of nanoplasmonic lattices for atom arrays
trapping [27], which is of great significance in studying atom–
atom interactions, resonance fluorescence, and multi-site-
selective [28–31]. However, the structures proposed in the
above works must overcome the influence of van der Waals
potentials in order to obtain stable trapping; further, the struc-
tures are difficult for manufacture and integration [25–28].
436
Vol. 5, No. 5 / October 2017 / Photonics Research
Research Article
2327-9125/17/050436-05 Journal © 2017 Chinese Laser Press
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