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根据提供的文件信息，本文将对涉及的关键知识点进行深入解析，主要围绕“CSMA”这一核心标签展开，并结合“Lab_Exercices_Modeler.pdf”的描述、部分内文来具体阐述。 ### CSMA概述载波侦听多路访问（Carrier Sense Multiple Access, CSMA）是一种在共享介质网络中用于避免多个设备同时发送数据而产生冲突的技术。它最初是为早期的以太网设计的，但其基本原则也应用于其他类型的网络。CSMA的工作原理是：在发送数据之前，节点会检测传输介质是否空闲；如果介质空闲，则发送数据；如果介质被占用，则等待一段时间后再次尝试。 ### CSMA与OPNET Modeler 在文件“Lab_Exercices_Modeler.pdf”中提到的OPNET Modeler是一种强大的网络模拟软件，它可以用来模拟各种网络协议和技术，包括CSMA。通过OPNET Modeler，学生可以创建模型并模拟实际的网络环境，从而深入了解CSMA等技术的实际运作情况。 ### 实验室练习 #### Introduction to OPNET Modeler 这部分内容主要介绍了OPNET Modeler的基本使用方法，包括项目编辑器(Project Editor)、过程模型编辑器(Process Model Editor)、链路模型编辑器(Link Model Editor)、路径编辑器(Path Editor)、包格式编辑器(Packet Format Editor)、探针编辑器(Probe Editor)、仿真序列编辑器(Simulation Sequence Editor)和分析工具(Analysis Tool)等内容。这些工具都是构建和分析网络模型的基础。 - **项目编辑器**：用于管理整个项目的各个方面，如设置参数、管理文件等。 - **过程模型编辑器**：用于定义网络中各节点的行为。 - **链路模型编辑器**：用于配置连接节点之间的物理链接属性。 - **路径编辑器**：用于定义数据如何在网络中传输。 - **包格式编辑器**：用于指定数据包的结构。 - **探针编辑器**：用于设置数据采集点，以便于后续的数据分析。 - **仿真序列编辑器**：用于定义仿真运行的时间和其他参数。 - **分析工具**：用于处理和可视化仿真结果。 #### CSMA实验在文件中提到的CSMA实验室练习旨在让学生理解CSMA的工作原理及其在网络中的应用。学生需要通过OPNET Modeler构建一个包含CSMA节点的网络模型，并设置适当的参数来模拟真实的网络环境。实验过程中，学生可以通过观察不同的场景来探索CSMA机制下的网络行为，例如不同负载下网络性能的变化、冲突发生的频率等。 ### 其他相关知识点除了CSMA之外，“Lab_Exercices_Modeler.pdf”还提到了其他的网络技术和协议，比如Aloha、CSMA-CD、慢启动(Slow Start)、拥塞避免(Congestion Avoidance)、快速重传(Fast Retransmit)、快速恢复(Fast Recovery)、OSPF以及各种队列策略等。这些都是现代网络设计和管理中非常重要的概念。 - **Aloha**：一种简单的随机接入协议，主要用于无线网络。 - **CSMA-CD**：在CSMA的基础上增加了冲突检测功能，主要用于解决共享介质网络中的冲突问题。 - **慢启动和拥塞避免**：TCP/IP协议族中的流量控制机制，用于防止网络拥塞。 - **快速重传和快速恢复**：用于提高TCP在丢失数据包后的恢复速度。 - **OSPF**：开放式最短路径优先协议，是一种内部网关协议(IGP)，用于确定最佳路由路径。 - **队列策略**：如FIFO（先进先出）、优先级队列、WFQ（加权公平队列）等，用于管理和优化网络中的数据流。 “Lab_Exercices_Modeler.pdf”提供了一系列基于OPNET Modeler的实验室练习，涵盖了从基础操作到高级网络协议和技术的应用。这些练习不仅能够帮助学生加深对CSMA等关键网络技术的理解，还能培养他们的实践技能，为未来的职业生涯打下坚实的基础。

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Master thesis MEE 03:24

Master of Science Programme in Electrical Engineering

Blekinge Institute of Technology

Department of Telecommunications and Signal Processing – I.T.S

Supervisor: Prof: Arne Nilsson and Docent: Adrian Popescu – I.T.S

Examiner: Prof: Arne Nilsson and Docent: Adrian Popescu – I.T.S

OPNET Modeler

Development of laboratory exercises based

on OPNET Modeler

Tommy Svensson

Alex Popescu

This thesis is presented as a part of the Master of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering with emphasis

on Telecommunications and Signal Processing.

Blekinge Institute of Technology

June 2003

Master thesis MEE 03:24

Tommy Svensson 3

Alex Popescu

Table of contents

Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................2

Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................6

General ........................................................................................................................................................6

Purpose ........................................................................................................................................................6

Laboratory 1 ....................................................................................................................................................7

Introduction to Opnet ......................................................................................................................................7

Objective .....................................................................................................................................................7

Overview .....................................................................................................................................................7

Preparations .................................................................................................................................................8

Project Editor...........................................................................................................................................9

The Process Model Editor .....................................................................................................................11

The Link Model Editor..........................................................................................................................12

The Path Editor......................................................................................................................................13

The Packet Format Editor......................................................................................................................14

The Probe Editor....................................................................................................................................15

The Simulation Sequence Editor ...........................................................................................................16

The Analysis Tool .................................................................................................................................17

The Project Editor Workspace...............................................................................................................18

Begin the laboratory ..................................................................................................................................20

Laboratory 2 ..................................................................................................................................................41

M/M/1 Queue simulation ..............................................................................................................................41

Objective ...................................................................................................................................................41

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................41

Procedure...................................................................................................................................................42

Creation of the node model ...................................................................................................................43

Laboratory 3 ..................................................................................................................................................62

Ethernet simulation........................................................................................................................................62

Objective ...................................................................................................................................................62

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................62

Procedure...................................................................................................................................................63

Designing the Aloha Transmitter Process Model......................................................................................63

Creating the Aloha Transmitter Node Model ............................................................................................70

Creating the Generic Receiver Node Process Model.................................................................................73

Creating the Generic Receiver Node Model..............................................................................................77

Creating a new link model.........................................................................................................................79

Creating the network model ......................................................................................................................80

Executing the Aloha Simulation................................................................................................................83

Creating the CSMA transmitter process model .........................................................................................87

Creating the CSMA transmitter node model .............................................................................................89

Redefining the network model ..................................................................................................................91

Configuring CSMA Simulations ...............................................................................................................92

Analyzing the CSMA results.....................................................................................................................93

Viewing Both Results on the Same Graph ................................................................................................94

Ethernet network model.............................................................................................................................97

Laboratory 4 ................................................................................................................................................104

TCP simulation............................................................................................................................................104

Objective .................................................................................................................................................104

Overview .................................................................................................................................................104

Procedure.................................................................................................................................................104

Slow start and congestion avoidance...................................................................................................104

Slow start and congestion avoidance simulation .................................................................................106

Create the network...............................................................................................................................107

Create the Paris subnet ........................................................................................................................110

Master thesis MEE 03:24

Tommy Svensson 4

Alex Popescu

Create the Stockholm subnet ...............................................................................................................112

Create the IP Cloud..............................................................................................................................114

Choose Statistics..................................................................................................................................115

Slow start and Congestion avoidance simulation ................................................................................117

View the results ...................................................................................................................................117

Fast retransmit .....................................................................................................................................118

Fast recovery .......................................................................................................................................118

Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery simulation....................................................................................119

Create the Tahoe scenario....................................................................................................................119

Create the Reno scenario .....................................................................................................................119

Simulate the scenarios .........................................................................................................................120

View results.........................................................................................................................................120

Laboratory 5 ................................................................................................................................................123

OSPF simulation..........................................................................................................................................123

Objective .................................................................................................................................................123

Overview .................................................................................................................................................123

Procedure.................................................................................................................................................123

Create the network...............................................................................................................................124

Configure router interfaces..................................................................................................................126

Assign addresses to the router interfaces.............................................................................................128

Configure routing cost.........................................................................................................................129

Configure the traffic demands .............................................................................................................132

Configure Simulation ..........................................................................................................................132

Duplicate the scenario .........................................................................................................................132

Run the simulation...............................................................................................................................134

View the results ...................................................................................................................................135

Laboratory 6 ................................................................................................................................................139

Queuing policies..........................................................................................................................................139

Objective .................................................................................................................................................139

Overview .................................................................................................................................................139

Procedure.................................................................................................................................................139

Copy files ............................................................................................................................................140

FIFO queuing.......................................................................................................................................141

Create the FIFO network .....................................................................................................................142

Duplicate scenario ...............................................................................................................................145

Collect statistics...................................................................................................................................146

Run the simulation...............................................................................................................................147

View the results ...................................................................................................................................148

Priority queuing...................................................................................................................................152

Create the Non-preemptive priority network, infinite buffer...............................................................152

Create the Preemptive priority network, infinite buffer.......................................................................156

Run the infinite buffer simulation........................................................................................................157

View the infinite buffer simulation results ..........................................................................................158

Create the Preemptive priority network, Finite buffer.........................................................................163

Run the finite buffer simulation...........................................................................................................164

View the finite buffer simulation results .............................................................................................164

Weighted Fair Queuing .......................................................................................................................169

Create the Weighted Fair Queuing – infinite buffer network ..............................................................169

Run the Weighted Fair Queuing – infinite buffer simulation ..............................................................173

View the Weighted Fair Queuing – infinite buffer results...................................................................173

Create the Weighted Fair Queuing – finite buffer network .................................................................175

Run the Weighted Fair Queuing – finite buffer simulation .................................................................176

View the Weighted Fair Queuing – finite buffer results......................................................................176

Laboratory 7 ................................................................................................................................................178

Self-Similar .................................................................................................................................................178

Master thesis MEE 03:24

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Alex Popescu

Objective .................................................................................................................................................178

Overview .................................................................................................................................................178

Procedure.................................................................................................................................................179

Create the self similar network model .................................................................................................180

Run the simulation...............................................................................................................................190

View the results ...................................................................................................................................191

Conclusions throughput.......................................................................................................................195

Conclusions delay................................................................................................................................195

Concluding Remarks ...................................................................................................................................196

Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................196

Glossary.......................................................................................................................................................197

References ...................................................................................................................................................198

Appendix 1 ..................................................................................................................................................199

Appendix 2 ..................................................................................................................................................221

Appendix 3 ..................................................................................................................................................244

Appendix 4 ..................................................................................................................................................255

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