Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
16, Libertăţii Ave, sector 5, cod 050706, Bucharest, Romania
1.6. Contact email address
Restricted from publication
1.7. Contact phone number
Restricted from publication
1.8. Contact fax number
Restricted from publication
2.1. Metadata last certified
21 August 2023
2.2. Metadata last posted
21 August 2023
2.3. Metadata last update
30 July 2024
3.1. Data description
Total usually resident population for the purposes of qualified majority voting in the Council.
3.2. Classification system
Not applicable.
3.3. Coverage - sector
Total usually resident population at national level.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Usually resident population, on 1 January, includes all persons who have their usual residence in Romania for a period of at least 12 months.
The coverage of the resident population represents all persons of Romanian citizenship, foreign or stateless who have their usual residence in Romania for a period of at least 12 months.
Theresident population of Romania consists of:
the persons regardless of citizenship having their usual residence in Romania;
the persons of Romanian citizenship who live abroad for less than 12 months (border and seasonal workers, people left for studies, for medical treatment or tourism purposes, etc..)
the persons of foreign citizenship, settled in Romania for a period of at least 12 months (including the staff -including the members of their households- of European Union institutions and of international civil organizations located in the geographical territory of the country);
the members (including the members of their households) of national armed forces deployed in the rest of the world;
the national diplomatic personnel posted abroad;
the persons of Romanian citizenship (including the members of their households) which are crews members of the fishing vessels, other vessels, aircraft and floating platforms operating partly or entirely outside the economic territory;
the number of refugees (persons granted international protection) on the basis of "intended stay" from country's perspective.
Simultaneously, the resident population of Romania does not include:
the persons, regardless of citizenship, located in Romania for less than 12 months (border and seasonal workers, people coming for studies, for medical treatment or for tourism purposes etc.).
the Romanian citizenship persons who have their usual residence abroad for a period longer than 12 months;
the members of the armed forces of a foreign country, deployed in Romania;
the foreign diplomatic personnel posted in Romania;
nationals settled aboad for a period of at least 12 months (including the staff -including the members of their households- of European Union institutions and of international civil organizations located in the geographical territory of another country);
asylum seekers.
We cannot identify if persons who may be illegal, irregular or undocumented migrants are included or excluded in usual resident population.
The usually resident population on 1st January of the reference year includes all persons (Romanian citizens, foreign citizens and persons without citizenship) who have had or intend to have their usual residence in Romania for at least 12 months.
The usual residence is the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage. The usual residence may be the same as the permanent residence or may differ from it, for persons who choose to establish their usual residence in a locality other than the locality of permanent residence, in the country or abroad.
The usually resident population includes the persons who immigrated to Romania but excludes the persons who emigrated from Romania.
The method used to calculate the “usually resident population” indicator is the components method:
where:
Pt+1
- The usually resident population at moment t+1;
Pt
- The usually resident population at moment t;
Nt, t+1
- The number of children born alive in the t – t+1 period, whose mothers had their usual residence in Romania at the time of giving birth;
Dt, t+1
- The number of persons who died in the t – t+1 period, who had their usual residence in Romania at the time of their death;
ΔMt, t+1
- The net long-term temporary international migration in the t – t+1 period;
ΔMt, t+1 = +PTt - Et
It- the flow of immigrants determined at the time of January 1, year t;
PTt - the number of people with Ukrainian citizenship who benefit from temporary protection on January 1, year t
Et - the flow of emigrants determined at the time of January 1, year t;
Note: The usually resident population on 1st January also includes records of births and deaths occurred abroad and in the country prior to the t moment and which were declared late in the civil status offices.
3.5. Statistical unit
Person.
3.6. Statistical population
Not applicable.
3.7. Reference area
Data are available at national level of geographical detail.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Not applicable.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Person.
The reference date for population data is the end of the reference period (midnight of 31 December).
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
The detailed methodology information is included in the Annex File. Please refer to the DEMOMIGR_UREESMS_2023.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Not applicable.
11.1. Quality assurance
Beginning with the Population and Housing Census - 2011, Romania's usual resident population is computed by respecting the criteria of usual residence and at least 12 month of presence/absence on the Romanian territory.
Component method is applied having 2021 Census results as starting point, i.e. by adding the demographic events under the usual residence definition to the usual residence population of the previous reference date.
The usual resident population on 2021 Romanian Population and Housing Census was determined in accordance with the Conference of European Statisticians Recommendations for the 2010 -2011 Censuses of Population and Housing and with the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 on population and housing censuses.
According to these recommendations, Romania’s usual resident population includes:
Romanian citizens, foreign citizens or persons with no citizenship who had their permanent residence in Romania and who, at the time of the census, were on the country’s territory (persons present) or were temporarily absent, as they had been abroad for less than 12 months;
Romanian citizens, foreign citizens or persons with no citizenship who had been in the country for at least 12 months or who intended to stay in the country for at least 12 months (to work, to look for a job, to study, for business etc.) and who only had their residence in Romania;
Romanian citizens who were abroad on diplomatic or military missions or who were working for Romanian consular offices and branches of Romanian companies abroad.
Ukrainian citizens who had obtained a temporary protection in 2022 according to the Eurostat Guidelines. Romania is in variant 3.
The definitions of vital events are in compliance with the principles and recommendations of the United Nations Statistical Commission:
live-birth is a product of conception completely ejected or extracted from the mother's body, regardless of the pregnancy duration, who after this separation gives a sign of life (respiration, heart activity, beats of umbilical cord or muscular contractions dependent of will);
deceased is the person whose vital functions definitively ceased after a certain time passed from his birth.
Only births and deaths taking place on the Romanian territory are included, births and deaths of persons who have the usual residence abroad are not included.
Net migration balance is complied as difference between number of immigrants and number of emigrants which are estimated in accordance with the provision of the Regulation no 862/2007 concerning community statistics on migration and international protection.
Data on emigrants and immigrants flows were estimated based on multiple data sources, the main ones consisting in: the data provided by national statistical offices of Italy and Spain, the "mirror statistics” on international migration (the immigrants from Romania declared by the other Member State representing emigrants on Romanian statistics and, the opposite, the emigrants to Romania declared by other countries representing immigrants for national statistics), econometric model based on small area estimation (SAE) techniques, data from administrative sources. It should be noted that mirror statistics are used to evaluate general trend of emigrants and immigrants figures for year 2019.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
1. Nationals
Please indicate the type of duration of stay when counting a person with national citizenship as an usual resident with a minimum duration of stay of 12 months according to Art. 2(d) of Reg. 1260/2013.
1. Actual
2. Intended
3. Actual and intended
4. Other. Please specify below:
2. EEA Citizens
Please indicate the type of duration of stay when counting a person with EEA citizenship as an usual resident with a minimum duration of stay of 12 months according to Art. 2(d) of Reg. 1260/2013.
1. Actual
2. Intended
3. Actual and intended
4. Other. Please specify below:
x
3. NON-EEA Citizens
Please indicate the type of duration of stay when counting a person with non-EEA foreign citizenship as an usual resident with a minimum duration of stay of 12 months according to Art. 2(d) of Reg. 1260/2013.
1. Actual
2. Intended
3. Actual and intended
4. Other. Please specify below:
x
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Data requested in Art. 4.1 of Reg. 1260/2013.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Not applicable.
12.3. Completeness
Data transmitted as requested in Art. 4.1 of Reg. 1260/2013.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Please provide an overall quantitative and qualitative assessment of the quality of the estimates of the total usually resident population.
Population
Immigrants
Emigrants
Net migration
Posible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration and immigration (especialy for the returs and EU member states) needed to compute resident population
Posible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on immigration (especialy for the returs and EU member states)
Posible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration. We used "mirror statistics" to estimate emigration figures.
Net migration is computed as immigration minus emigration, so there is a posible slightly over/under coverage estimation due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration and immigration
13.2. Sampling error
No sampling error (not a survey)
13.3. Non-sampling error
No sampling error (not a survey)
14.1. Timeliness
For the purposes of qualified majority voting in the Council, Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat) with data on the total population at national level at the reference time, in accordance with Article 2 ( c ), within eight months of the end of the reference year.
14.2. Punctuality
Not applicable.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Not applicable.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
The total usually resident population transmitted by the national statistical offices to Eurostat in the framework of the Usually Resident Population data collection may differ from those available in National Accounts, Labour Force Survey or in the survey on Income and Living Conditions. The difference is given by the population coverage (see metadata specific to each domain).
15.4. Coherence - internal
The total usually resident population transmitted by the national statistical offices to Eurostat in the framework of the Usually Resident Population data collection may differ from those available in the rest of the Demographic domain. The difference is given by the population definition (see metadata specific to each domain).
Data not available.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Not applicable.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Not applicable.
18.1. Source data
Data sources used:
- 2021 Population Census
- Vital Statistics
- Migration Statistics
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Vital statistics (live-births and deaths) - data are collected monthly.
Migration statistics - data are collected twice a year from administrative sources, and immigrants and emigrants are estimated annualy.
18.3. Data collection
Vital events are collected monthly by NSI through special statistical bulletins for live-births and deceased. These statistical bulletins are designed by the National Statistical Institute.
Live-birth statistical bulletin collects the following information:
Place and registration date of birth;
Data on the live-birth and on birth (sex, date of birth, place of birth, order of birth, citizenship, nationality and country of birth etc.);
Data on mother (date and country of birth, citizenship, permanent and usual residence etc.);
Data on father (date of birth, permanent and usual residence etc.).
Deceased statistical bulletin collects the following information:
Place and registration date of death;
Data on the deceased person (sex, date of death and date of birth, citizenship, permanent and usual residence, place of death, country of death and country of birth);
Data on death (cause and manner of death etc.).
Part of the migrations statistics are obtained from administrative sources, from several bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Data concerns mainly the permanent emigrations, permanent immigrations and part of the temporary immigration especialy for those coming from third countries.
18.4. Data validation
Processing at the local level:
demographic statistical bulletins encoding and numbering;
data entering using software made by NIS;
verification of statistical bulletins by logical control;
correct any errors and data validation on bulletin level;
correct any duplicate entries in the month and in the county;
sending monthly databases to NIS.
Processing at the NIS level:
logical control condition at county and phenomenon level;
verifies the integrity for all variables in the questionnaires;
data validating and resolving of any remaining errors;
homogeneous solving of particular cases;
correcting any duplicate entries in the month and on the country level;
data centralizing by phenomena on the country level;
population data processing using software made by NIS;
data aggregation;
final data tables editing, detailed on different variables (gender, age, residence area);
data analysis.
Data processing flow for migration statistics consists in:
at the level of administrative data sources (Ministry of Interior); - Retrieving information from the database; - Sending the files to NIS on the agreed format.
at central level (NIS): - Validation of individual data using software made by NIS; - Logical control on recording level; - Performing the tables with results detailing on various variables (gender, age, county of previous residence, country of citizenship, country of next residence, country of birth); - Data analysis; - Amending the total population with international migration balance with change of residence using software made by NIS; - Data preparation for use in the statistical research on the resident population.
Elaboration of data logical control conditions For designing the IT (informatics) solution at questionnaire level were developed logical conditions: - for questionnaire’s data verification; - for verification of the correlations between the variables; - for verification of data integrity.
Logical control conditions at questionnaire level follow: questionnaire’s logical flow tracking and verification, compliance of correlations between variables, verification of framing within the limits of the data for certain variables. By integrity checking conditions it is seek the existence of data for all variables in the questionnaires.
Data on emigrants and immigrants flows were estimated based on multiple data sources, the main ones being: the data provided by national statistical offices of Italy and Spain, the "mirror statistics” on international migration (the immigrants from Romania declared by the other Member State representing emigrants on Romanian statistics and, the opposite, the emigrants to Romania declared by other countries representing immigrants for national statistics), econometric model based on small area estimation (SAE) techniques, data from administrative sources. It should be noted that mirror statistics are used to evaluate general trend of emigrants and immigrants figures for year 2021.
18.5. Data compilation
Not applicable.
18.6. Adjustment
In statistical adjustment we include tardive declarated and registrated live-births and deaths.
Population data sent prior to December each year are provisional due to preliminary estimation of international migration and lack of information about delayed vital statistics.
Population data sent in December in Eurostat UNIDEMO data collection are final.
At national level, there is a data review policy. Regarding the resident population, depending on the availability of the calculation elements (components), respectively the vital events, the moments of the review are the following:
- year + 12 months – final data
- year + 32 months – final-revised data
For example:
- final data on usual resident population on 2020, January 1 are available in 2020, December 31;
- final-revised data on usual resident population on 2020, January 1 are available in 2022, August.
We mention that the revisions are insignificant. The review involves mainly the age group of 0-4 years, taking into account live-births that occurred abroad and for which there is a gap between the moments of occurrence and registration in the country.
Total usually resident population for the purposes of qualified majority voting in the Council.
30 July 2024
Usually resident population, on 1 January, includes all persons who have their usual residence in Romania for a period of at least 12 months.
The coverage of the resident population represents all persons of Romanian citizenship, foreign or stateless who have their usual residence in Romania for a period of at least 12 months.
Theresident population of Romania consists of:
the persons regardless of citizenship having their usual residence in Romania;
the persons of Romanian citizenship who live abroad for less than 12 months (border and seasonal workers, people left for studies, for medical treatment or tourism purposes, etc..)
the persons of foreign citizenship, settled in Romania for a period of at least 12 months (including the staff -including the members of their households- of European Union institutions and of international civil organizations located in the geographical territory of the country);
the members (including the members of their households) of national armed forces deployed in the rest of the world;
the national diplomatic personnel posted abroad;
the persons of Romanian citizenship (including the members of their households) which are crews members of the fishing vessels, other vessels, aircraft and floating platforms operating partly or entirely outside the economic territory;
the number of refugees (persons granted international protection) on the basis of "intended stay" from country's perspective.
Simultaneously, the resident population of Romania does not include:
the persons, regardless of citizenship, located in Romania for less than 12 months (border and seasonal workers, people coming for studies, for medical treatment or for tourism purposes etc.).
the Romanian citizenship persons who have their usual residence abroad for a period longer than 12 months;
the members of the armed forces of a foreign country, deployed in Romania;
the foreign diplomatic personnel posted in Romania;
nationals settled aboad for a period of at least 12 months (including the staff -including the members of their households- of European Union institutions and of international civil organizations located in the geographical territory of another country);
asylum seekers.
We cannot identify if persons who may be illegal, irregular or undocumented migrants are included or excluded in usual resident population.
The usually resident population on 1st January of the reference year includes all persons (Romanian citizens, foreign citizens and persons without citizenship) who have had or intend to have their usual residence in Romania for at least 12 months.
The usual residence is the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage. The usual residence may be the same as the permanent residence or may differ from it, for persons who choose to establish their usual residence in a locality other than the locality of permanent residence, in the country or abroad.
The usually resident population includes the persons who immigrated to Romania but excludes the persons who emigrated from Romania.
The method used to calculate the “usually resident population” indicator is the components method:
where:
Pt+1
- The usually resident population at moment t+1;
Pt
- The usually resident population at moment t;
Nt, t+1
- The number of children born alive in the t – t+1 period, whose mothers had their usual residence in Romania at the time of giving birth;
Dt, t+1
- The number of persons who died in the t – t+1 period, who had their usual residence in Romania at the time of their death;
ΔMt, t+1
- The net long-term temporary international migration in the t – t+1 period;
ΔMt, t+1 = +PTt - Et
It- the flow of immigrants determined at the time of January 1, year t;
PTt - the number of people with Ukrainian citizenship who benefit from temporary protection on January 1, year t
Et - the flow of emigrants determined at the time of January 1, year t;
Note: The usually resident population on 1st January also includes records of births and deaths occurred abroad and in the country prior to the t moment and which were declared late in the civil status offices.
Person.
Not applicable.
Data are available at national level of geographical detail.
The reference date for population data is the end of the reference period (midnight of 31 December).
Please provide an overall quantitative and qualitative assessment of the quality of the estimates of the total usually resident population.
Population
Immigrants
Emigrants
Net migration
Posible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration and immigration (especialy for the returs and EU member states) needed to compute resident population
Posible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on immigration (especialy for the returs and EU member states)
Posible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration. We used "mirror statistics" to estimate emigration figures.
Net migration is computed as immigration minus emigration, so there is a posible slightly over/under coverage estimation due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration and immigration
Person.
Not applicable.
Data sources used:
- 2021 Population Census
- Vital Statistics
- Migration Statistics
Annual.
For the purposes of qualified majority voting in the Council, Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat) with data on the total population at national level at the reference time, in accordance with Article 2 ( c ), within eight months of the end of the reference year.
