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DEBOOTSTRAP(8)		    Debian GNU/Linux manual		DEBOOTSTRAP(8)

NAME
       debootstrap - Bootstrap a basic Debian system

SYNOPSIS
       debootstrap [OPTION...]	SUITE TARGET [MIRROR [SCRIPT]]

       debootstrap [OPTION...]	--second-stage

DESCRIPTION
       debootstrap  bootstraps a basic Debian system of	SUITE into TARGET from
       MIRROR by running SCRIPT.  MIRROR can be	an http:// or https:// URL,  a
       file:///	URL, or	an ssh:/// URL.

       The  SUITE  may	be a release code name (eg, sid, stretch, jessie) or a
       symbolic	name (eg, unstable, testing, stable, oldstable)

       Notice that file:/ URLs are translated to file:/// (correct  scheme  as
       described  in  RFC1738 for local	filenames), and	file://	will not work.
       ssh://USER@HOST/PATH URLs are retrieved using scp; use of ssh-agent  or
       similar is strongly recommended.

       Debootstrap  can	be used	to install Debian in a system without using an
       installation disk but can also be used to run a different Debian	flavor
       in a chroot environment.	 This way you can create a full	(minimal)  De-
       bian installation which can be used for testing purposes	(see the EXAM-
       PLES  section).	 If you	are looking for	a chroot system	to build pack-
       ages please take	a look at pbuilder.

OPTIONS
       --arch=ARCH
	      Set the target architecture (use if dpkg isn't installed).   See
	      also --foreign.

       --include=alpha,beta
	      Comma separated list of packages which will be added to download
	      and extract lists.

       --exclude=alpha,beta
	      Comma  separated	list  of  packages  which will be removed from
	      download and extract lists.  WARNING: you	can and	probably  will
	      exclude essential	packages, be careful using this	option.

       --extra-suites=alpha,beta
	      Also use packages	from the listed	suites of the archive.

       --components=alpha,beta
	      Use packages from	the listed components of the archive.

       --no-resolve-deps
	      By  default,  debootstrap	 will attempt to automatically resolve
	      any missing dependencies,	warning	if any are found.   Note  that
	      this  is	not a complete dependency resolve in the sense of dpkg
	      or apt, and that it is far better	to  specify  the  entire  base
	      system than rely on this option.	With this option set, this be-
	      haviour is disabled.

       --log-extra-deps
	      If  you  want  to	 record	additional dependencies	when resolving
	      package dependencies, set	this option to track them through  de-
	      bootstrap.log.

       --variant=minbase|buildd|fakechroot
	      Name  of	the  bootstrap	script variant to use.	Currently, the
	      variants supported are minbase,  which  only  includes  required
	      packages	and  apt;  buildd,  which installs the build-essential
	      packages and fakechroot, which  installs	the  packages  without
	      root  privileges.	 The default, with no --variant=X argument, is
	      to create	a base Debian installation with	all packages of	prior-
	      ity required and important, including apt.

       --merged-usr
	      Create /{bin,sbin,lib}/ symlinks pointing	to their  counterparts
	      in /usr/.	 (Default for most variants.)

       --no-merged-usr
	      Do  not create /{bin,sbin,lib}/ symlinks pointing	to their coun-
	      terparts in /usr/.  (Default for the buildd variant.)

       --keyring=KEYRING
	      Override the default keyring for the  distribution  being	 boot-
	      strapped,	 and  use KEYRING to check signatures of retrieved Re-
	      lease files.

       --no-check-gpg
	      Disables checking	gpg signatures of retrieved Release files.

       --force-check-gpg
	      Forces checking Release  file  signatures,  disabling  automatic
	      fallback	to  HTTPS  in  case of a missing keyring. Incompatible
	      with the previous	option.

       --verbose
	      Produce more info	about downloading.

       --print-debs
	      Print the	packages to be installed,  and	exit.	Note  that  an
	      empty or non-existing TARGET directory must be specified so that
	      debootstrap can download Packages	files to determine which pack-
	      ages  should be installed, and to	resolve	dependencies. The TAR-
	      GET directory will be deleted unless  --keep-debootstrap-dir  is
	      specified.

       --download-only
	      Download packages, but don't perform installation.

       --foreign
	      Do  the  initial unpack phase of bootstrapping only, for example
	      if the target architecture does not match	the host architecture.
	      A	copy of	debootstrap sufficient for  completing	the  bootstrap
	      process  will  be	 installed  as /debootstrap/debootstrap	in the
	      target filesystem.  You can run it with the  --second-stage  op-
	      tion to complete the bootstrapping process.

       --second-stage
	      Complete	the bootstrapping process.  Other arguments are	gener-
	      ally not needed.

       --second-stage-target=DIR
	      Run second stage in a subdirectory instead of root. (can be used
	      to create	a foreign chroot) (requires --second-stage)

       --keep-debootstrap-dir
	      Don't delete the /debootstrap directory in the target after com-
	      pleting the installation.

       --cache-dir=DIR
	      Cache .deb files under directory.	It should be an	absolute path.

       --unpack-tarball=FILE
	      Acquire .debs from gzipped tarball FILE (specified with absolute
	      path) instead of downloading via HTTP(S).

       --make-tarball=FILE
	      Instead of bootstrapping,	make a	gzipped	 tarball  (written  to
	      FILE)  of	the downloaded packages.  The resulting	tarball	may be
	      passed to	a later	--unpack-tarball.  Note	that an	empty or  non-
	      existing	TARGET directory must be specified so that debootstrap
	      can download packages to prepare the tarball. The	TARGET	direc-
	      tory will	be deleted unless --keep-debootstrap-dir is specified.

       --debian-installer
	      Used for internal	purposes by the	debian-installer

       --extractor=TYPE
	      Override	automatic .deb extractor selection to TYPE.  Supported
	      extractors are: dpkg-deb and ar.

       --no-check-certificate
	      Do not check certificate against certificate authorities

       --certificate=FILE
	      Use the client certificate stored	in file	(PEM)

       --private-key=FILE
	      Read the private key from	file

       --inrelease-path
	      Determine	the path to the	InRelease file of the  suite  relative
	      to the normal position of	an InRelease file

EXAMPLES
       To setup	a stretch system:

	    debootstrap	stretch	./stretch-chroot http://deb.debian.org/debian

	    debootstrap	stretch	./stretch-chroot file:///LOCAL_MIRROR/debian

       Full process to create a	complete Debian	installation of	sid (unstable)
       in a chroot:

	    main # debootstrap sid sid-root http://deb.debian.org/debian/
	    [ ... watch	it download the	whole system ]
	    main # echo	"proc sid-root/proc proc defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
	    main # mount proc sid-root/proc -t proc
	    main # echo	"sysfs sid-root/sys sysfs defaults 0 0"	>> /etc/fstab
	    main # mount sysfs sid-root/sys -t sysfs
	    main # cp /etc/hosts sid-root/etc/hosts
	    main # chroot sid-root /bin/bash

AUTHOR
       debootstrap  was	 written by Anthony Towns <ajt@debian.org>.  This man-
       page was	written	by Matt	Kraai <kraai@debian.org>.

Debian Project			  2001-04-27			DEBOOTSTRAP(8)

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | EXAMPLES | AUTHOR

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