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骞磋?瀹?浜?锛?澶у??澶у?????剧旱??搴????ュ??涔?杩??ュ熬澹般????娆㈣???锛????夸?涓?宀???浜?瀹?璁╀?灏?浜烘????浣?妫?????杩?浜?骞村????蹇???娓?????

??璋??ラ??锛?瀵硅??宸卞ソ涓??逛?涓?瀹规??????澶???宸变拱????锛??瑰??婚?㈠??浼??风??涓?绠?锛?????渚夸究?ュ??涓?椤圭??璐圭?ㄥ氨寰?涓???锛??宠?????哥?姣???锛????版??渚???浣?妫?椤圭??灏遍?ｄ???涓?锛???????璐瑰??椤规?伴??涓?灏?锛???浜???韪╁????涓?????????杩?浠?涔???

??浜???澶╋?濂?椁?娌″??涓??ワ?蹇???????????瓒??ヨ?澶?锛?涓轰?涔?杩?骞村ご浣?妫?杩?涔?璐碉?楂?浠烽」???藉?煎?????锛?

锛??瑰?讳??硅?棰?锛??冲??瑙???锛?

?板?ㄧ??浣?妫??板???澶?璐?

?翠??????鹃???虫?伙???骞翠汉?诲?婚?㈡??ョ??姝ヤ?杩???寰?璇?瀹?????涓??藉?????ュ悍缁?璁″勾?达?2022锛????剧ず锛?2021骞达?涓????ュ悍妫???浜烘?℃?伴?娆¤?杩?浜?浜? [1]??

?冲??浣?妫???浜鸿??ヨ?澶?浜?锛?褰??舵????涓哄ぇ瀹跺???涔????帮???宸辩??韬?浣??跺?典??ｄ?涔?瑙???

涓?娴峰?????甯?????2021?介??ュ悍?界??涔????剧ず锛?2020骞翠?娴风?介?浣?妫?寮?甯告????楂?杈?98.95%锛??稿?浜?100浜虹?????搁??????1涓?浣?妫?椤圭???ㄩ?ㄦ?ｅ父????宸ヤ汉 [2]??

涓?杩?锛?涓???杈惧?藉?剁?告??锛?涓??界??浣?妫?瑕?????杩?涓?绠?楂???浜?浜夸汉娆＄???ュ悍妫??ユ?伴????璧锋?ュ?锛??????版??涓?浜哄ご涓?锛?瀹???浜???杩???浜鸿?涓???40%??

???讹?涓?浜鸿??璐硅?琛?浣?妫???姣?渚?涔?涓?楂?锛?韬?浣?宸?褰?宸?锛???瑕?浣?妫?浜?寰?澶?浜鸿???涔???褰?楦甸?锛?璁や负??瑕?涓?涓诲?ㄥ?伙?灏辨案杩?涓?浼??洪??棰???澶ч?ㄥ??浜轰?楠??????㈡?锛?涔?灏辨???卞???镐拱??锛?濮???缁???绔??婚?㈡??绉?绔??烘??寮?灞???骞村害绂??? [3]??

瑕????冲???ㄨ??璐瑰??涓?濂?浣?妫?锛?灏卞???濂介?卞????澶у?鸿???????澶???

涓??借??淇¤????娌??╂????缁?璁℃?版???剧ず锛?涓???涓??插?婚?㈢??浣?妫??ㄥ???浠峰??2000 - 5000?? / 娆★??㈡??涓??插ご?ㄥ?婚??锛?5000??杩??????ㄦ?[3]??

瑕??ラ??锛?2022骞村?ㄥ?藉?姘????????????跺?ヤ???3000澶?????[4]锛?涓?涓?浣?妫?濂?椁?灏辫?借交?捐?辨??涓?涓?????宸ヨ???

?朵腑锛?灏垮父瑙???琛?甯歌?杩?浜???????妫??ュ??瀹瑰?跺??涓?绠?璐点??

浠ユ?姹???涓轰?锛?浠锋?奸??甯镐?瓒?杩?50??涓?椤? [5]??甯???涓??ｄ??惧??浣?妫?濂?椁?锛?涓???涔???瑕???杩?浜?渚垮?????虹???椤圭????

????绔??婚??涔???浠ヨ?浠烽?ｄ?楂?锛?寰?澶х?搴?涓?????涓轰?妫?椤圭???伴???村???

浠ヤ?娴蜂?瀹跺ご?ㄤ??插?婚??涓轰?锛??虹?浣?妫?濂?椁?灏卞????浜?40澶?涓?浣?妫?椤圭??锛?楂?绔?濂?椁??存?????ヨ?60涓?浣?妫?椤圭??锛????跨?ゆ??蹇??╂??ュ氨??8-12椤广??

?充娇??姣?椤?50??绠?锛??讳环涔??借交?捐?杩?2000??锛??村????杩????ㄥ????浠疯?璐电??椤圭??锛?濡????????哥??辨??绛?锛???涓?娆″氨瑕?300??浠ヤ? [5]??

??涓??归??锛?灏辫??ㄨ?杈瑰?????搴?杩???甯????藉??瑕?涓??惧?锛??诲ぇ??缇???娌?榫???涓??垮?稿氨瑕?涓??句?涓???????

?ㄧ‘瀹?椤圭??瀹?浠锋?讹????у?婚?㈢骇??浼?????娉㈠?ㄣ????甯?绾у?婚?㈠??涓??插?婚?㈢??浠锋?煎氨??浼?璐典??广??

褰??讹?澶у?舵???辫??瀹?涔?涓?????涔板??澶达???浜?浣?妫?椤圭??????澶撮?ㄤ??插?婚?㈡????锛??充娇?????风??浣?妫?椤圭??锛?澶撮?ㄥ?婚?㈤???ㄧ??涔????芥???村??杩???妫??ユ?规?锛?浠锋?兼?磋吹涔?灏变?濂???浜???

绉?绔??烘??浣?妫?锛?涓?涓?瀹?渚垮??

杩??跺???芥??浜鸿???浜?锛??ｅ?荤?绔??烘??浣?妫?浼??翠究瀹???锛?

琛ㄩ??涓???锛?绉?绔??烘????瀹?浠锋??瑕???濂借?稿????界?舵??????????楂?浠峰?椁?锛?浣?涔???璁稿?涓??惧???涓ょ?惧??????借????浠峰?椁?锛??????惰?甯告???衡??涔颁???涓????????跺??浠封????浼???锛?骞冲??涓??ュ???惧??灏辫?芥??瀹?[3]??

涓?杩?瑕?璇寸?绔??烘????澶???绠?锛?涔?涓?涓?瀹???

????锛?绉?绔??烘????涓???80% ?ヨ??浜?浼?涓??㈡? [3]锛?澶╃??灏辫?姹??у?舵???????变?涓や??炬??ュ??涓??虹?椤圭??锛???濂界????璁稿?浼?涓???棰??????㈠?ヨ??璇达?绉?绔??烘????渚垮??濂?椁?澶?锛?涓?????涓烘?锋?ㄨ?╁?╋???????浼?涓?涓????冲??????????????

姣?绔???绉?绔?涓?绛?浜???????锛??充娇瀛??ㄥ脊?х??浠锋?煎?洪?达?涔?寰??靛惊?烘????甯??鸿?寰???濡?????纰颁?浠锋?间??扮?昏氨????瀹瑰ぉ?变贡????濂?椁?锛?澶ф???涔?涓???瑕???渚垮??浜?锛?????琚?楠?浜???

?ㄦ???ワ?绉?绔??烘????浠锋?间??胯????借?涓?姝ョ缉灏???

??澶???浣?妫??讹?澶у?惰????翠俊浠诲??绔??婚????????锛???绔??婚?㈠????浜?浣?妫?甯??虹害80% ??浠介?锛?浼?澶?绉?绔??烘???卞???????╀???20% [3]??涓轰???寰?涓???缇癸???涓?寰?涓???浣?浠锋?煎?娴???

?惰??锛??荤????????杩?姝ャ????娲绘按骞崇????楂?浣垮?璁惧???浜哄伐绛?????涓???涓?娑ㄣ?????讹?瓒??ヨ?澶??烘??姝ュ?ヤ?妫?璧???锛?绔?浜?涔???寰??村??婵???锛??????蜂?浠峰凡缁?涓?澶??ㄤ???

2021-2022骞达?澶撮?ㄧ?绔?浣?妫??烘??缇?骞村?ュ悍???镐?妫????′??＄??姣??╃??浠?38.38% 涓?婊??颁?32.37% [6]锛?涓?寰?涓?寮?濮???????浠枫????浣????ｃ??2023骞翠???骞达?缇?骞村?ュ悍?ц?′?妫?涓?蹇?瀹㈠??浠峰??姣?涓?娑ㄤ?15% [7]??

褰??讹?绉?绔??烘??涔?????宸辩??绠?????

浜轰滑瓒??ヨ???瑙???韬??ュ悍锛?瑕?姹?甯??轰?缁??翠釜?у?????村?ㄩ?㈢??浣?妫?濂?椁?锛??充娇???虹?濂?椁?锛??惧?硅矾瀛?涔??芥??涓烘???辨????

姣?濡?锛?璐翠???绮捐?变?灞???????绛撅?灏辫?藉??????涔??版定浠凤?濡???????涓???????搴???????????澶?????杩?绫诲?卞ご锛?绠??存?充腑浜?褰?浠ｄ汉?????癸?璁╁ぇ瀹跺??????垮?板?澶????便??

瀵归??浠峰?椁??ㄧ?规?????村?规??锛???渚垮????涓?涓???涓???浣?浠锋?奸??????椤圭??灏辫?界?涓??ラ?间?瑙??拌?╀汉?变??ゆ???便????澶撮?ㄧ?绔?????瀹?缃?瑕?浠蜂?????濂?椁??告????浠蜂?涓??插?婚?㈢??浣?妫?濂?椁?锛?椤圭???伴??灏?浜?涓?灏?????瀹逛?????璁稿???

浣?妫?椤圭??锛?涓???瓒?璐佃?濂?

涓轰?璁╀??遍?变拱??椤癸?涓?浜?浣?妫??烘??涔?浼??ㄥ?ｄ?涓??????????ｆ??涓?浜??ュ悍??????浣?涓?????锛?灏卞?ㄤ???瑕?涓??ユ?ュ?э??遍?变拱涓?瀹?蹇??????虫???

浜?瀹?涓?锛?瀵逛?涓?浜哄?璇ュ??浠?涔?浣?妫?椤圭??锛?瀛???宸叉??????????瀵艰???锛?绠????硅?村氨????1+x??妯″? [8]??

??1???????????ㄧ???烘??浣?妫?椤圭??锛?????韬?楂?浣???????绉???澶?绉?绛?浣??兼??ワ?琛?甯歌???灏垮父瑙??????惧???界??瀹?楠?瀹ゆ??ワ???蹇??靛?俱??瓒?澹般???惧?绛?褰卞??瀛?妫??ワ?寤鸿??????浜洪?藉??????

??x????????涓?椤规??ラ」??锛??规????妫??????у????骞撮?????娲讳?????瀹舵???茬???稿?冲?遍?╁??绱?杩?琛????╂?у?版?楠???瀵逛???楂??变汉缇よ??瑷?锛?璁稿?甯歌???????绛??ワ?濡??????????????虹??绛?锛?浠?40宀?寮?濮??冲????

?ㄥ??绉?绔??婚?㈢?????╀?涔???璁茬┒??

涓????ヨ?达???绔??婚?㈢??浜哄???翠?涓???X ????瓒?澹般???哥??辨??杩?绉?褰卞??瀛?妫?娴?椤圭??锛?寰???涓?涓??荤??瑙ｈ?伙????╁??绔??婚?㈡?翠负绋冲Ε????绔??婚?㈡??ヤ?寰?寰??村?ㄩ??锛?????浠ユ??虹??磋???????????虹?????磋????妫?锛?寰?澶?绉?绔?濂?椁?涓?灏变???????

褰??讹?绉?绔??婚??涔?????宸辩??浼??癸?濡???浣?????瑕??虹?妫??ワ???瀵瑰?椁??界??涓?灏??便???ㄦ???℃??搴????????堕?存?归??锛?绉?绔??婚??涔??峰?涓?瀹???浼??裤??

瀵瑰?浠ｄ汉??瑷?锛??句互???板?ュ悍??娲伙?浣?妫?涓?杩????ュ悍绠＄????涓?绉???寰????板?涔板??绉?浣?妫?濂?椁?锛?????绔??婚?㈣???绉?绔??烘????澶撮?ㄥ????杩????????烘??锛???璺?璺???淇?娓╂???????告??娌′?涔??哄????

?变?澶???锛??辨?堕?村??????璇撅??昏?芥???烘?т环姣???楂???锛?涓??ㄤ??辩??锛??存?ヤ拱??璐电??涔??藉?句釜蹇?瀹???姣?绔?锛?杩?骞村ご?宠В?抽??棰?锛??卞???堕?达??诲?浠??轰??枫??

????绉?瀛??у凡?卞コ??澶у??????????瀛??诲??纭?澹?浼?涓介??瀹℃??

????璧???

[1] ?藉?跺?????ュ悍濮???浼? . (2022).  涓??藉?????ュ悍缁?璁″勾?? .

[2] 涓?娴峰??? . (2022). 2021?介??ュ悍?界??涔? .

[3] 涓??借??淇? , &  娌??╂?? . (2022).  涓??界患???ュ悍绠＄?????′骇涓?瓒??挎?瀵??界??涔? .

[4] ?藉?剁?璁″? . (2022).  涓???浜烘??卞????2022骞村?芥?缁?娴???绀句???灞?缁?璁″???? .

[5] 娴?姹???浜烘??垮? . (2023).  娴?姹????烘???荤?????￠」????褰? .

[6] 缇?骞村ぇ?ュ悍浜т??ц?¤?′唤???????? . (2022). 2022骞村勾搴??ュ?? .

[7] 缇?骞村ぇ?ュ悍浜т??ц?¤?′唤???????? . (2023). 2023骞村??骞村害?ュ?? .

[8] 涓????诲??浼??ュ悍绠＄??瀛???浼? , & ??涓????ュ悍绠＄??瀛???蹇???缂?杈?濮???浼? . (2023).  ?ュ悍浣?妫??烘??椤圭??涓?瀹跺?辫??锛? 2022 锛? .  涓????ュ悍绠＄??瀛???蹇? , 17(9), 649-660.