
Philosophy
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Narrated by:
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Lloyd James
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By:
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Ayn Rand
About this listen
This collection of essays was the last work planned by Ayn Rand before her death in 1982. In it, she summarizes her view of philosophy and deals with a broad spectrum of topics. According to Ayn Rand, the choice we make is not whether to have a philosophy, but which one to have: a rational, conscious, and therefore practical one, or a contradictory, unidentified, and ultimately lethal one.
Written with all the clarity and eloquence that have placed Ayn Rand's objectivist philosophy in the mainstream of American thought, these essays range over such basic issues as education, morality, censorship, and inflation to prove that philosophy is the fundamental force in all our lives.
©1982 Leonard Peikoff, Executor, Estate of Ayn Rand (P)2006 Blackstone Audio Inc.Listeners also enjoyed...
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Overall
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Performance
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One of the 20th century's most challenging novels of ideas, The Fountainhead champions the cause of individualism through the story of a gifted young architect who defies the tyranny of conventional public opinion. The struggle for personal integrity in a world that values conformity above creativity is powerfully illustrated through three characters: Howard Roarke, a genius; Gail Wynand, a newspaper mogul and self-made millionaire; and Dominique Francon, a devastating beauty.
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“It is a sin to write this. It is a sin to think words no others think and to put them down upon a paper no others are to see. It is base and evil.” Deep issues of conscience are explored in Ayn Rand’s dystopian tale of a man who dares to fight against a system that invades his very mind and identity.
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Performance
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Story
This brilliantly conceived book is based on a lecture course given by Dr. Leonard Peikoff in 1976 entitled, "The Philosophy of Objectivism". The lectures were attended by Ayn Rand, who helped prepare them and who also joined Peikoff in answering questions.
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Overall
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Performance
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Ayn Rand discusses how a writer combines abstract ideas with concrete action and description to achieve a unity of theme, plot, characterization, and style, the four essential elements of fiction. Here, too, are Rand's illuminating analyses of passages from famous writers, rewrites of scenes from her own works, and fascinating rules for building dramatic plots and characters with depth.
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Get Stein on Writing
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Rand takes listeners step by step through the writing process, providing insightful observations and invaluable techniques along the way. She discusses the psychological aspects of writing and the roles played by the conscious and subconscious mind. She talks about articles and books, explaining how to select a subject and theme, how to identify your audience, and how to write the first draft.
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Great Content, but the narrator is annoying
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Three Plays
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Published together for the first time are three of Ayn Rand's compelling stage plays. The courtroom drama Night of January 16th, a 1935 Broadway success famous for leaving the verdict to the audience, is presented here in its definitive, final revised text - a superb dramatization of Rand's vision of human strengths and weaknesses.
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Loved it! Truly compelling, imaginative and intelligent storytelling. A feast for the senses and the imagination!Ayn Rand shines
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In his groundbreaking and controversial book The DIM Hypothesis, Dr. Leonard Peikoff casts a penetrating new light on the process of human thought and thereby on Western culture and history. In this far-reaching study, Peikoff identifies the three methods people use to integrate concrete data into a whole, as when connecting diverse experiments by a scientific theory, separate laws into a constitution, or single events into a story.
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If you were frustrated by Ayn Rand's narrow focus
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Explaining Postmodernism (Expanded Edition)
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Explaining Postmodernism is intellectual history with a polemical twist, providing fresh insights into the debates underlying the furor over political correctness, multiculturalism, and the future of liberal democracy.
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Does not actually explain postmodernism.
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Discrimination and Disparities
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Discrimination and Disparities challenges believers in such one-factor explanations of economic outcome differences as discrimination, exploitation, or genetics. It is listenable enough for people with no prior knowledge of economics. Yet the empirical evidence with which it backs up its analysis spans the globe and challenges beliefs across the ideological spectrum.
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Overall
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Performance
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Most Valuable Audiobook I’ve Listened to.
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Performance
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Human history is full of the stories of peasants, subjects, and tribes. Yet the concept of the “citizen” is historically rare — and was among America’s most valued ideals for over two centuries. But without shock treatment, warns historian Victor Davis Hanson, American citizenship as we have known it may soon vanish.
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From an uneducated reader;
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Critic reviews
"For those who want to understand the philosophic implications of our era, this collection by Ayn Rand is an excellent place to begin." (News-Leader)
"Although this omnibus volume...is written for an audience of believers, readers unfamiliar with [Rand's] novels might find it a useful starting point." (Publishers Weekly)
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Kant's Foundations of Ethics
- By: Immanuel Kant
- Narrated by: Ray Childs
- Length: 5 hrs and 4 mins
- Unabridged
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Kant published this work in 1795, during the aftermath of the American Revolution and the French Revolution. The high hopes of the European Enlightenment had been dampened by the Reign of Terror in which tens of thousands of people died, and the perpetual cycle of war and temporary armistice seemed to be inescapable. Kant's essay is best known as an early articulation of the idea of a league of nations that could bring an end to all hostilities. Today, the United Nations continues to pursue that dream, but lasting peace still seems to be wishful thinking.
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The Best on The Foundation of the Metaphysics of Morals
- By JCW on 07-28-18
By: Immanuel Kant
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The Enlightenment
- And Why It Still Matters
- By: Anthony Pagden
- Narrated by: Robert Blumenfeld
- Length: 16 hrs and 24 mins
- Unabridged
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One of our most renowned and brilliant historians takes a fresh look at the revolutionary intellectual movement that laid the foundation for the modern world. Liberty and equality. Human rights. Freedom of thought and expression. Belief in reason and progress. The value of scientific inquiry. These are just some of the ideas that were conceived and developed during the Enlightenment, and which changed forever the intellectual landscape of the Western world.
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A thorough political tract rather than history
- By Jacobus on 03-08-14
By: Anthony Pagden
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The Irony of American History
- By: Reinhold Niebuhr
- Narrated by: Robert Blumenfeld
- Length: 5 hrs and 39 mins
- Unabridged
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Forged during the tumultuous but triumphant postwar years when America came of age as a world power, The Irony of American History is more relevant now than ever before. Cited by politicians as diverse as Hillary Clinton and John McCain, Niebuhr's masterpiece on the incongruity between personal ideals and political reality is both an indictment of American moral complacency and a warning against the arrogance of virtue.
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Superlative Book
- By Amazon Customer on 01-29-10
By: Reinhold Niebuhr
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Nature's God
- The Heretical Origins of the American Republic
- By: Matthew Stewart
- Narrated by: Michael Quinlan
- Length: 17 hrs and 30 mins
- Unabridged
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Where did the ideas come from that became the cornerstone of American democracy? Not only the erudite Thomas Jefferson, the wily and elusive Ben Franklin, and the underappreciated Thomas Paine, but also Ethan Allen, the hero of the Green Mountain Boys, and Thomas Young, the forgotten Founder who kicked off the Boston Tea Party. These radicals who founded America set their sights on a revolution of the mind. Derided as "infidels" and "atheists" in their own time, they wanted to liberate us not just from one king but from the tyranny of supernatural religion.
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Excellent exploration of this subject
- By Caroline on 01-13-15
By: Matthew Stewart
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Suicide of the West
- How the Rebirth of Tribalism, Populism, Nationalism, and Identity Politics is Destroying American Democracy
- By: Jonah Goldberg
- Narrated by: Jonah Goldberg
- Length: 16 hrs and 3 mins
- Unabridged
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Only once in the last 250,000 years have humans stumbled upon a way to lift ourselves out of the endless cycle of poverty, hunger, and war that defines most of history. If democracy, individualism, and the free market were humankind’s destiny, they should have appeared and taken hold a bit earlier in the evolutionary record. The emergence of freedom and prosperity was nothing short of a miracle.
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Put some gratitude in your attitude
- By Amazon Customer on 04-25-18
By: Jonah Goldberg
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Last Call for Liberty
- How America's Genius for Freedom Has Become Its Greatest Threat
- By: Os Guinness
- Narrated by: Os Guinness
- Length: 14 hrs and 40 mins
- Unabridged
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The hour is critical. The American republic is suffering its gravest crisis since the Civil War. Conflicts, hostility, and incivility now threaten to tear the country apart. Competing visions have led to a dangerous moment of cultural self-destruction. This is no longer politics as usual, but an era of political warfare where our enemies are not foreign adversaries, but our fellow citizens. Yet the roots of the crisis are deeper than many realize. Os Guinness argues that we face a fundamental crisis of freedom, as America's genius for freedom has become her Achilles' heel.
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Thought Provoking Work On Liberty In America
- By Ezekiel on 05-28-19
By: Os Guinness
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A New Textbook of Americanism
- By: Jonathan Hoenig - editor
- Narrated by: Jonathan Hoenig
- Length: 8 hrs and 7 mins
- Unabridged
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Most people have no idea what the United States represents. Ayn Rand did grasp America's political essence down to its roots. Seventy-two years in the making, this book illuminates why the United States is "the only moral country in the history of the world" and features never-before-published discussions with Ayn Rand, plus work from Leonard Peikoff and the New Intellectuals.
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A Great Introduction to Objectionism
- By Lester C Liby on 06-27-19
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We the Living
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Mary Woods
- Length: 18 hrs and 1 min
- Unabridged
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We the Living portrays the impact of the Russian Revolution on three people who demand the right to live their own lives. At its center is a girl whose passionate love is her fortress against the cruelty and oppression of a totalitarian state. Rand said of this book: "It is as near to an autobiography as I will ever write."
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Emotionally intense, historically authentic
- By Geoffrey on 08-14-08
By: Ayn Rand
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Return of the Primitive
- The Anti-Industrial Revolution
- By: Ayn Rand, Peter Schwartz
- Narrated by: Bernadette Dunne
- Length: 13 hrs and 9 mins
- Unabridged
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In the 1960s and early '70s, the most prominent, vocal cultural movement was the New Left: a movement that condemned America and everything it stood for: individualism, material wealth, science, technology, capitalism.
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Extreemly relevant to our current climate
- By Mica on 01-18-10
By: Ayn Rand, and others
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Anthem
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: B. J. Harrison
- Length: 2 hrs and 16 mins
- Unabridged
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“It is a sin to write this. It is a sin to think words no others think and to put them down upon a paper no others are to see. It is base and evil.” Deep issues of conscience are explored in Ayn Rand’s dystopian tale of a man who dares to fight against a system that invades his very mind and identity.
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Triumphant! A beautiful molding of the mind.
- By Kari on 02-17-16
By: Ayn Rand
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The Romantic Manifesto
- A Philosophy of Literature
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Bernadette Dunne
- Length: 7 hrs and 21 mins
- Unabridged
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In this beautifully written and brilliantly reasoned collection of essays, Ayn Rand throws new light on the nature of art and its purpose in human life. Once again, she demonstrates her bold originality and her refusal to let conventional ideas define her sense of the truth. Rand eloquently asserts that one cannot create art without infusing it with one's own value judgments and personal philosophy - even an attempt to withhold moral overtones only results in a deterministic or naturalistic message.
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Essential AYN
- By Mica on 07-15-08
By: Ayn Rand
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The Voice of Reason
- Essays in Objectivist Thought
- By: Ayn Rand, Leonard Peikoff
- Narrated by: Bernadette Dunne
- Length: 15 hrs and 55 mins
- Unabridged
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In the years between her first public lecture in 1961 and her last in 1981, Ayn Rand spoke and wrote about topics as different as education, medicine, Vietnam, and the death of Marilyn Monroe. In The Voice of Reason, these pieces are gathered together in book form for the first time. Written in the last decades of Rand's life, they reflect a life lived on principle, a probing mind, and a passionate intensity. With them are five essays by Leonard Peikoff, Rand's longtime associate and literary executor.
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Explains Everything Of Today
- By L. Nicholson on 11-20-15
By: Ayn Rand, and others
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The Fountainhead
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Christopher Hurt
- Length: 32 hrs and 5 mins
- Unabridged
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One of the 20th century's most challenging novels of ideas, The Fountainhead champions the cause of individualism through the story of a gifted young architect who defies the tyranny of conventional public opinion. The struggle for personal integrity in a world that values conformity above creativity is powerfully illustrated through three characters: Howard Roarke, a genius; Gail Wynand, a newspaper mogul and self-made millionaire; and Dominique Francon, a devastating beauty.
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The Fountainhead
- By Zachary on 06-04-10
By: Ayn Rand
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We the Living
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Mary Woods
- Length: 18 hrs and 1 min
- Unabridged
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Overall
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Story
We the Living portrays the impact of the Russian Revolution on three people who demand the right to live their own lives. At its center is a girl whose passionate love is her fortress against the cruelty and oppression of a totalitarian state. Rand said of this book: "It is as near to an autobiography as I will ever write."
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Emotionally intense, historically authentic
- By Geoffrey on 08-14-08
By: Ayn Rand
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Return of the Primitive
- The Anti-Industrial Revolution
- By: Ayn Rand, Peter Schwartz
- Narrated by: Bernadette Dunne
- Length: 13 hrs and 9 mins
- Unabridged
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Overall
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Performance
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Story
In the 1960s and early '70s, the most prominent, vocal cultural movement was the New Left: a movement that condemned America and everything it stood for: individualism, material wealth, science, technology, capitalism.
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Extreemly relevant to our current climate
- By Mica on 01-18-10
By: Ayn Rand, and others
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Anthem
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: B. J. Harrison
- Length: 2 hrs and 16 mins
- Unabridged
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Overall
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Performance
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Story
“It is a sin to write this. It is a sin to think words no others think and to put them down upon a paper no others are to see. It is base and evil.” Deep issues of conscience are explored in Ayn Rand’s dystopian tale of a man who dares to fight against a system that invades his very mind and identity.
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Triumphant! A beautiful molding of the mind.
- By Kari on 02-17-16
By: Ayn Rand
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The Romantic Manifesto
- A Philosophy of Literature
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Bernadette Dunne
- Length: 7 hrs and 21 mins
- Unabridged
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Overall
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Performance
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Story
In this beautifully written and brilliantly reasoned collection of essays, Ayn Rand throws new light on the nature of art and its purpose in human life. Once again, she demonstrates her bold originality and her refusal to let conventional ideas define her sense of the truth. Rand eloquently asserts that one cannot create art without infusing it with one's own value judgments and personal philosophy - even an attempt to withhold moral overtones only results in a deterministic or naturalistic message.
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Essential AYN
- By Mica on 07-15-08
By: Ayn Rand
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The Voice of Reason
- Essays in Objectivist Thought
- By: Ayn Rand, Leonard Peikoff
- Narrated by: Bernadette Dunne
- Length: 15 hrs and 55 mins
- Unabridged
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Overall
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Performance
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Story
In the years between her first public lecture in 1961 and her last in 1981, Ayn Rand spoke and wrote about topics as different as education, medicine, Vietnam, and the death of Marilyn Monroe. In The Voice of Reason, these pieces are gathered together in book form for the first time. Written in the last decades of Rand's life, they reflect a life lived on principle, a probing mind, and a passionate intensity. With them are five essays by Leonard Peikoff, Rand's longtime associate and literary executor.
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Explains Everything Of Today
- By L. Nicholson on 11-20-15
By: Ayn Rand, and others
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The Fountainhead
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Christopher Hurt
- Length: 32 hrs and 5 mins
- Unabridged
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Overall
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Performance
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Story
One of the 20th century's most challenging novels of ideas, The Fountainhead champions the cause of individualism through the story of a gifted young architect who defies the tyranny of conventional public opinion. The struggle for personal integrity in a world that values conformity above creativity is powerfully illustrated through three characters: Howard Roarke, a genius; Gail Wynand, a newspaper mogul and self-made millionaire; and Dominique Francon, a devastating beauty.
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The Fountainhead
- By Zachary on 06-04-10
By: Ayn Rand
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Atlas Shrugged
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Scott Brick
- Length: 62 hrs and 56 mins
- Unabridged
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In a scrap heap within an abandoned factory, the greatest invention in history lies dormant and unused. By what fatal error of judgment has its value gone unrecognized, its brilliant inventor punished rather than rewarded for his efforts? In defense of those greatest of human qualities that have made civilization possible, one man sets out to show what would happen to the world if all the heroes of innovation and industry went on strike.
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Hurt version decidedly superior
- By Mica on 03-24-09
By: Ayn Rand
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The Art of Nonfiction
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Marguerite Gavin
- Length: 6 hrs and 52 mins
- Unabridged
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Rand takes listeners step by step through the writing process, providing insightful observations and invaluable techniques along the way. She discusses the psychological aspects of writing and the roles played by the conscious and subconscious mind. She talks about articles and books, explaining how to select a subject and theme, how to identify your audience, and how to write the first draft.
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Great Content, but the narrator is annoying
- By Ms on 01-26-09
By: Ayn Rand
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Ayn Rand Answers
- The Best of Her Q & A
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Bernadette Dunne
- Length: 10 hrs
- Unabridged
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After the publication of Atlas Shrugged in 1957, Ayn Rand occasionally lectured in order to bring her philosophy of Objectivism to a wider audience and apply it to current cultural and political issues. These taped lectures and the question-and-answer sessions that followed added not only an eloquent new dimension to Ayn Rand's ideas and beliefs, but a fresh and spontaneous insight into Ayn Rand herself.
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It sounds like Ayn Rand
- By Anonymous User on 06-09-18
By: Ayn Rand
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The Fountainhead
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Edward Herrmann
- Length: 8 hrs and 27 mins
- Abridged
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The Fountainhead studies the conflict between artistic genius and social convention, a theme Ayn Rand later developed into the idealistic philosophy knows as Objectivism. Rand's hero is Howard Roark, a brilliant young architect who won't compromise his integrity, especially in the unconventional buildings he designs.
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Be aware that this is an abridged version
- By Kindle Customer on 11-01-17
By: Ayn Rand
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Objectivism
- The Philosophy of Ayn Rand
- By: Leonard Peikoff
- Narrated by: Johanna Ward
- Length: 19 hrs and 33 mins
- Unabridged
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This brilliantly conceived book is based on a lecture course given by Dr. Leonard Peikoff in 1976 entitled, "The Philosophy of Objectivism". The lectures were attended by Ayn Rand, who helped prepare them and who also joined Peikoff in answering questions.
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The very best overview of Objectivism
- By L. Hattery on 06-24-05
By: Leonard Peikoff
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The Art of Fiction
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Marguerite Gavin
- Length: 6 hrs and 50 mins
- Unabridged
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Ayn Rand discusses how a writer combines abstract ideas with concrete action and description to achieve a unity of theme, plot, characterization, and style, the four essential elements of fiction. Here, too, are Rand's illuminating analyses of passages from famous writers, rewrites of scenes from her own works, and fascinating rules for building dramatic plots and characters with depth.
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Get Stein on Writing
- By Lois on 12-04-09
By: Ayn Rand
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Anthem
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Roger Arnold
- Length: 2 hrs and 39 mins
- Unabridged
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In a dystopian world where individuality is forbidden and conformity reigns supreme, Anthem by Ayn Rand explores the power of free will, the pursuit of knowledge, and the defiance of oppressive control. This gripping novella follows Equality 7-2521, a man who dares to challenge the collective by discovering the forbidden truths of science and self. Through his journey, Rand presents a timeless celebration of human potential and the triumph of individual thought over societal oppression.
By: Ayn Rand
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Three Plays
- Night of January 16, Ideal, and Think Twice
- By: Ayn Rand
- Narrated by: Robin Field
- Length: 8 hrs and 42 mins
- Unabridged
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Published together for the first time are three of Ayn Rand's compelling stage plays. The courtroom drama Night of January 16th, a 1935 Broadway success famous for leaving the verdict to the audience, is presented here in its definitive, final revised text - a superb dramatization of Rand's vision of human strengths and weaknesses.
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Loved it! Truly compelling, imaginative and intelligent storytelling. A feast for the senses and the imagination!Ayn Rand shines
- By Miguel Cruz on 03-30-19
By: Ayn Rand
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An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought
- By: Murray N. Rothbard
- Narrated by: Jeff Riggenbach
- Length: 55 hrs and 29 mins
- Unabridged
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The appearance of the famous (and massive) volumes of Rothbard's Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought in a new edition is cause for great celebration. Every paragraph bursts with intellectual energy and the author's fiery passion to tell the listener the remarkable story of economics. Many reviewers have remarked that Rothbard's accomplishment seems superhuman. He seems to have read everything. His originality is overwhelming. His passion for liberty and integrity in science is evident.
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The most important history of economics for your education.
- By Adnan Najeeb on 01-24-24
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For a New Liberty
- The Libertarian Manifesto
- By: Murray N. Rothbard
- Narrated by: Jeff Riggenbach
- Length: 15 hrs and 38 mins
- Unabridged
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In For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto, Rothbard proposes a once-and-for-all escape from the two major political parties, the ideologies they embrace, and their central plans for using state power against people. Libertarianism is Rothbard's radical alternative that says state power is unworkable and immoral, and ought to be curbed and finally overthrown.
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I'm a Ron Paul Libertarian but this is a good
- By monte reed on 03-20-12
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To Kill a Mockingbird
- By: Harper Lee
- Narrated by: Sissy Spacek
- Length: 12 hrs and 17 mins
- Unabridged
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Harper Lee’s Pulitzer prize-winning masterwork of honor and injustice in the deep south - and the heroism of one man in the face of blind and violent hatred, available now for the first time as a digital audiobook. One of the best-loved stories of all time, To Kill a Mockingbird has been translated into more than 40 languages, sold more than 30 million copies worldwide, served as the basis for an enormously popular motion picture, and was voted one of the best novels of the 20th century by librarians across the country.
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A gift to be treasured
- By David Shear on 07-09-14
By: Harper Lee
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Slaughterhouse-Five
- By: Kurt Vonnegut
- Narrated by: James Franco
- Length: 5 hrs and 13 mins
- Unabridged
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Traumatized by the bombing of Dresden at the time he had been imprisoned, Pilgrim drifts through all events and history, sometimes deeply implicated, sometimes a witness. He is surrounded by Vonnegut's usual large cast of continuing characters (notably here the hack science fiction writer Kilgore Trout and the alien Tralfamadorians, who oversee his life and remind him constantly that there is no causation, no order, no motive to existence).
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Don't Quit Your Daytime Job, James
- By Keith on 11-20-15
By: Kurt Vonnegut
What listeners say about Philosophy
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- Denis Vlasov
- 02-15-24
the truth
Works for present time just as well and still is true today. She was a great mind I wish more people would listen to her books.
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- Luisa
- 03-08-18
Nice overall book!
It was an interesting book to listen if you're in to philosophy. It really explain how modern society use it and how modern people think and act.
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- Juan Cano-Arribi Company
- 01-14-24
Magnífico. Absolutamente recomendable.
Interesantísimo de principio a fin. A destacar el capítulo sobre el detective filosófico, el de causalidad vs deber o las refutaciones de John Rawls y B.F.Skinner.
Maravillosa lectura de Lloyd James. Se entiende francamente bien, aunque tu nivel de inglés no sea precisamente nativo.
En resumen, absolutamente recomendable.
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- Iván
- 06-23-17
Excellent text, awfully sloppy narration
It's clear from the numerous out-of-place pauses, badly pronounced words and expressions and in some cases words changed (!) that the narrator has not taken the time to read and understand the material first. Compared to the (few) other books I've listened to this narration is barely acceptable.
Still, this is a book everyone should read or listen to, given how many great and important ideas it contains.
I have
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5 people found this helpful
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- D. Campbell
- 11-15-23
What a prophet!
What a prophet! As relevant today as it was in the mid 1970's. We observe that the march of state control has continued, but these essays tell us why and offer unique suggestions on how to combat it. We must know what we want, and why, and work to spread the best ideas (not just bitch about current conditions). May her ideas and legacy stoke our minds today, and live far into the future. Then we will have a chance.
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- Lawrence
- 02-11-15
A rational individual needs intellectual ammo
I believe that this is the 4th Ayn Rand book a person should read/hear. 1st is Atlas Shrugged, likely the most important book ever written. Next Capitalism-The Unknown Ideal and The Virtue of Selfish can be read in either order, but Ms Rand does reference the latter in the Capitalism.
I believe that if enough people read all 4 this country could still reach its incredible potential.
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8 people found this helpful
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- Justin Gardner
- 09-29-15
A necessity for all men to read
If you are not familiar with Ayn Rand, I suggest you start with this book. It is a great overview of her ideas, and is absolutely true in stating the need of philosophy for all men. Happy reading!
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3 people found this helpful
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- Riccardo C. Repetti
- 02-02-20
Everyone needs it!
Excellent in-depth introduction to Ayn Rand's philosophy of Objectivism. Objectivism may be simplified as the opposite of subjectivism. Subjectivism is the view that all values, norms, standards, criteria, principles, judgments, perceptions, facts, explanations, reasonings, and cognitions and evaluations of any kind lack any validity, truth, or objective grounding in any fixed, stable reality existing outside our minds, but instead only appear as if they do because they are projections of our preferences, emotions, motives, biases, dispositions, psychological tendencies, and other subjective, contingent factors about our psychological make-up. Two major forms of subjectivism are individual relativism and group relativism. Individual relativism says that all such matter are relative to the individual, whose preferences, etc. set his or her own standards. Group relativism holds that group preferences, etc. set the standards for the group. What is true for you is not true for me, says the individual relativist. What is true for them is not true for us, say the group relativists. Both imply that there is no truth. By contrast, Objectivism acknowledges that subjective phenomena exist at both the individual and group levels, and that either can taint our understanding of reality, but that there does exist a mind-independent reality with a fixed nature, fixed, identifiable, perceivable characteristics, and that reality serves as the basis for determining whether our judgments about it are correct or not. If our claims correspond to reality, they are true; otherwise not. The claim that "this is a review of an Ayn Rand book" is true because it is a review of an Ayn Rand book, not merely because I think it is. This is Rand's metaphysics (her theory about the nature of reality), the basis for her Objectivism.
From this follows her epistemology, ethics, politics, economics, and aesthetics. Epistemology, the study of the nature of knowledge, that is in line with Objectivist metaphysics has it that because there is a fixed reality, we can know it by means of perception and reasoning. We perceive real objects, forming concepts that categorize them, such as "book review" or "word" or "person", and reason about what kinds of things they are, based on identification of their natures, what makes them what they are, which can be crystallized in definitions, e.g., a book review is a (typically written) evaluation of a book by a reader of that book. We can know what book reviews are because they exist in mind-independent reality, so we can check reality to see if it contains a book review, what a book review is, and what it is not, and whether a given piece of writing counts as a book review. Thus, Objectivist epistemology has it that we can attain knowledge by use of perception, conception, and reasoning.
Objectivist ethics follows suit, identifying what ethics is, based on what man is, a rational self-interested, autonomous (free-will-possessing, volitional) being, and thus man's interests in life and happiness determine that whatever is in man's interests, whatever supports his life and his happiness, is the good for man. Man, like any living being, needs certain things in order to survive, but unlike most other beings, man must use his reason to produce the goods he needs to survive. Thus, man ought to be productive, and, given his right to life and to the pursuit of happiness, nobody has a right to enslave another man or use force or the threat of force to make him produce for another. Individual freedom for every man follows from the right to life and the right to the pursuit of happiness, and demands that nobody use force against another except in self defense. Thus, altruism cannot be forced on anyone, although anyone may choose to help another, and it is rational to do so if doing so is in one's self-interest. Thus, Objectivist ethics is an ethics of rational self-interest, not altruism.
Objectivist ethics, being an ethic of rational self-interest, determines Objectivist politics, economics, and aesthetics. Given individual rights to life and the pursuit of happiness, the only just political system is one that imposes no altruistic obligations on anyone against their will, and thus demands respect for individual rights, liberty, and all the freedoms that this entails, such as freedom of speech, association, the press, to own property, to exchange values, goods, and services voluntarily, etc. Thus, capitalism is the only economic system that is politically just. Government has no right to interfere with the rights of autonomous individuals engaged in free exchange according to their mutual rational self-interest. The only legitimate role for government in an Objectivist society would be that of security, securing the rights of free individuals. This means that a just government would be restricted primarily to a militia to protect the society from external aggression, a police force to protect citizens from each other, and a judicial system to adjudicate putative violations of individual rights.
Lastly, Objectivist aesthetics acknowledges the nature of man as a rational, autonomous, self-interested volitional being, and places a high value on man;'s freedom, his free will, his nature as an end unto himself, as a being that values himself for his own sake, and encourages art in any form that emphasizes or is at least consistent with that reality, particularly aspirational art, art that depicts what man can and ought to be, not just what man is or has been, although while Objectivist art is aspirational and thus imaginative and not limited to reality or representation in art, it acknowledges the importance of the relationship between cognition of reality, which is representational, and aspiration for a better future, which is non-representational, imaginative, creative, and productive. These values are emphasized in the Fountainhead, Rand's work on architecture in which the ideal man is depicted as eschewing the copy-cat tradition of placing Greco-Roman facades on municipal buildings, which is unoriginal and uncreative, while championing a kind of architecture that fuses creative design (what could be) with structural necessity (what is), producing beautiful buildings that reflect the aspirational ethic of striving to produce the best in man.
Having read the Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged, Rand's two feats of genius, helped me have a sense for this philosophy, but this collection of her explanatory essays, Philosophy: Who Needs It, enabled me to understand Objectivism enough to write this review. The above are summaries of those of her views that define Objectivism. The book argues, for, defends, and explains these views in forceful, insightful, often humorous, often polemical terms. If anything, it is a refreshingly coherent philosophy, with every component logically entailed by, and entailing, every other component, which is exceedingly rare among philosophical systems. Anyone who wishes to criticize Rand, which is becoming a renewed past-time among intellectuals on the left of late, cannot coherently do so without understanding her position. To understand it, I highly recommend this collection.
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- Kindle Customer
- 08-30-18
Amazing
A truly in depth comprehensive look into objectivism, the individual, and capitalism.
No punch held as she address less the fundamental issues of the day
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- Sierra Bravo
- 05-21-09
Deep and provocative
This is not light listening. It is best on long trips, as it is difficult to follow some of the deeper arguments if you take it in 20-minute commute segments. It is a great book, actually a collection of essays, but like any philosophy it takes some thinking to follow. Though I cannot say I subscribe to Ms. Rand's views on all things the clearness of her arguments are difficult to refute. Ms. Rand is pretty rough on both the right and the left and points out the hypocrisy in both positions. If you are not willing to examine your political beliefs then stay away as they will be challenged. Finally it should be noted that most of these essays were made in the late 60s and early 70s. Ms. Rand promotes that America is great because of its beliefs, but that it is vulnerable because it does not understand the premises behind those beliefs. I suspect she would look at America today as an opportunity for greatness lost.
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39 people found this helpful