European Parliament resolution of 13 February 2020 on the Republic of Guinea, notably violence towards protestors (2020/2551(RSP))

P9_TA(2020)0036 RC-B9-0104/2020

The European Parliament,

–  having regard to its previous resolutions on the Republic of Guinea,

–  having regard to the Joint Statement of the United Nations, the European Union and the Embassies of the United States and France in the Republic of Guinea of 5 November 2019,

–  having regard to the Communiqué of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Commission of 4 November 2019 following the incidents in Conakry,

–  having regard to the press release of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the suppression of demonstrations in the Republic of Guinea of 9 November 2019,

–  having regard to the thirty-fifth session of the United Nations Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review Working Group of 20 to 31 January 2020,

–  having regard to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) of 1966,

–  having regard to the Partnership Agreement between the Members of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States of the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, of the other part (the Cotonou Agreement),

–  having regard to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, which was adopted on 27 June 1981 and entered into force on 21 October 1986,

–  having regard to the Constitution of the Republic of Guinea, which was approved by the National Transitional Council on 19 April 2010 and adopted on 7 May 2010,

–  having regard to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

–  having regard to the 11th European Development Fund National Indicative Programme for the period 2015-2020 allocating funds to the Republic of Guinea,

–  having regard to Rules 144(5) and 132(4) of its Rules of Procedure,

A.  whereas President Alpha Condé has been in power in the Republic of Guinea since his election in 2010 and re-election in 2015; whereas there have been mass protest demonstrations in the country since mid-October 2019, mainly by the National Front for the Defence of the Constitution (FNDC), amid opposition fears that President Condé will seek to extend his constitutional powers; whereas the Constitution of the Republic of Guinea limits presidential mandates to two terms; whereas President Condé’s second term is due to expire at the end of 2020;

B.  whereas his election to the Presidency in 2010 was the first step towards democratic reforms and transparency after years of military rule; whereas President Condé is accused of corruption and imposing restrictions on political freedom; whereas a constitutional reform with the sole purpose of extending presidential term limits to allow Alpha Condé to remain in power has sparked violence;

C.  whereas President Condé has also recently endeavoured to subvert institutional obstacles to his reform by influencing the Republic of Guinea’s Constitutional Court and the Electoral Commission; whereas in March 2018 the President of the Constitutional Court, Kéléfa Sall, was removed from office; whereas the Minister of Justice, Cheick Sako, has resigned over his opposition to changes to the constitution allowing for a third presidential term;

D.  whereas the ruling party, the Rally of the Guinean People, does not have the two thirds parliamentary majority required to amend the constitution; whereas a referendum on constitutional reform would circumvent the Parliament of the Republic of Guinea;

E.  whereas on 19 December 2019 President Condé announced plans for a referendum on constitutional reform to be held on 1 March 2020; whereas legislative elections originally scheduled for 16 February have been postponed and will take place on the same day as the referendum; whereas the proposed new constitution includes an extension of the presidential mandate from five to six years, with a limit to two terms; whereas it is expected that President Condé will use this constitutional change to seek a third presidential term;

F.  whereas the National Front for the Defence of the Constitution (FNDC), an alliance of opposition parties, civil society organisations and trade unions, have held protests and plan strikes in opposition to the constitutional change; whereas at least seven members of the FNDC were arrested between 12 October and 28 November 2019 and were prosecuted on the grounds that their calls for protests against the new draft constitution constituted acts or actions likely to disturb public order and endanger public safety before they were eventually acquitted as a result of international pressure;

G.  whereas the situation in the country is highly-charged, with heightened political tensions and outbreaks of violent protest; whereas the government response to these outbreaks has been heavy-handed, and the police have reacted with excessive, undue and illegal force against protesters, with human rights organisations reporting barricades, shootings and tear gas, predominantly in the capital Conakry and the northern opposition stronghold of Mamou; whereas police in Wanindara allegedly used a woman as a human shield to protect themselves from stones thrown by protesters;

H.  whereas Fodé Oussou Fofana, Vice-President of the main opposition party, Union of Democratic Forces of the Republic of Guinea, has accused the President of a ‘constitutional coup d’état’ and ‘fraud’; whereas opposition parties have pledged to boycott the legislative elections in protest;

I.  whereas both ECOWAS and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights have called for the fundamental rights of demonstrators to be respected, and for the security forces to improve their management of demonstrations;

J.  whereas the UN Human Rights Commission has noted that security forces reacting to the protests which began in Conakry on 14 and 15 October 2019 ‘failed to comply with international norms and standards on the use of force’; whereas the funeral of the demonstrators killed during these protests was marred by further violence and deaths;

K.  whereas the Republic of Guinea is ranked 101st out of 180 countries in the 2019 World Press Freedom Index; whereas since 2015 at least 20 journalists have been summonsed, detained or faced prosecution; whereas since the start of the demonstrations in October 2019, journalists, human rights defenders and civil society activists have been arrested, including Abdourahmane Sanoh (the FNDC coordinator) who was subsequently released, while others are still being detained and subjected to violence; whereas at least 28 civilians and one gendarme have been killed in the protests; whereas human rights organisations estimate that at least 70 protesters and bystanders have been killed since 2015, including Amadou Boukariou Baldé, a student who was beaten to death by police officers during protests at the University of Labé in May 2019;

L.  whereas several local NGOs have condemned prison conditions in the Republic of Guinea, particularly the ‘serious inadequacies in terms of overcrowding, food and nutrition, and the lack of training given to most prison warders’ (according to the Human Rights Watch report); whereas, these conditions give cause for concern throughout the country, but are particularly serious in the central prison in Conakry;

M.  whereas the Republic of Guinea is one of the poorest countries in Africa, still suffering from years of economic mismanagement and corruption, despite having the world’s largest reserve of bauxite in the mines surrounding Boke; whereas two thirds of its 12.5 million inhabitants live in poverty and the Ebola crisis between 2013 and 2016 significantly weakened the country’s economy; whereas young people under the age of 25, who make up over 60 % of the population, are particularly affected by unemployment;

N.  whereas in the current context of protests against the reform of the Constitution, which has exacerbated confrontation between the Government and opposition parties, the OGDH (the Republic of Guinea Human Rights and Citizen’s Rights Organisation) has denounced repeated human rights violations in the Republic of Guinea; whereas these violations lead to the destruction of public buildings and facilities, attempts to stir up ethnic divisions and forced evictions from private property; whereas between February and May 2019, the Government of the Republic of Guinea forcibly evicted more than 20 000 people from neighbourhoods in Conakry in order to provide land for government ministries, foreign embassies, businesses, and other public works projects;

O.  whereas, between 2014 and 2020, the European Union provided support to the Republic of Guinea through the 11th EDF (European Development Fund) National Indicative Programme amounting to EUR 244 000 000, which was focused on institutional reform and the modernisation of the administration, urban sanitation, health, road transport and support to the National Authorising Officer;

1.  Deplores the ongoing violence in the Republic of Guinea; strongly condemns the breaches of freedom of assembly and freedom of speech, as well as acts of violence, killings and other human rights abuses; calls for restraint to be immediately exercised by government forces, and for legitimate, peaceful protests to be allowed to take place without any intimidation;

2.  Calls on the Government of the Republic of Guinea to initiate a prompt, transparent, impartial and independent investigation into the deaths and injuries of protesters, the allegations of excessive use of force or other human rights violations by law enforcement officials, and for those responsible, including those in the police and security forces, to be held to account and not benefit from impunity; reminds the Government of the Republic of Guinea that the fight against corruption and ending impunity should also be made priorities;

3.  Deeply regrets any plans to change the country’s constitutional provisions on presidential term limits; strongly reiterates that a functioning democracy must include respect for the rule of law and all constitutional provisions including, where applicable, limits on presidential mandates; calls on the President of the Republic of Guinea to respect the Constitution of the Republic of Guinea, in particular Article 27 thereof;

4.  Calls for respect of the right to freedom of demonstration, assembly, association and expression guaranteed by international standards and the UN treaties and conventions ratified by the Republic of Guinea; calls on the Government of the Republic of Guinea to take urgent measures to ensure that the right to demonstrate freely and peacefully is respected, and to create a safe environment free from harassment, violence, and intimidation, and to facilitate dialogue with the opposition;

5.  Urges all parties concerned to prevent the further escalation of tension and violence; calls on the Government of the Republic of Guinea, as well as opposition groups and civil society, to exercise restraint, act responsibly, and engage in a constructive dialogue in order to achieve a lasting, consensual and peaceful solution; calls on the EU to continue its efforts to enhance the role of civil society and encourage non-state actors to play an active role;

6.  Urges the Government of the Republic of Guinea to ensure transparent, credible and free legislative and presidential elections to be held in a timely manner, with the full participation of opposition parties, including allowing them to register, campaign, have access to the media, and enjoy freedom of assembly;

7.  Recalls the importance of an autonomous national electoral commission acting independently of the government and any political party; urges the Government of the Republic of Guinea and President Condé to ensure the National Independent Electoral Commission (CENI) in the Republic of Guinea can operate in a fully transparent manner free from interference, intimidation or coercion by incumbent politicians or parties;

8.  Urges the authorities of the Republic of Guinea to fully respect all domestic and international obligations in relation to civil and political rights, including the right to freedom of speech, assembly and association, the right to freedom from torture, ill-treatment and arbitrary detention, and the right to a fair trial; emphasises that respect for human rights must be at the heart of any political solution to the crisis;

9.  Calls on the authorities of the Republic of Guinea to investigate and prosecute, in accordance with international standards, members of the security forces against whom there is evidence of criminal responsibility for past and current abuses;

10.  Recalls that a vibrant civil society able to operate without fear, intimidation and violence is a necessary prerequisite for consolidating democracy; urges the Government and security forces to promote an environment conducive to the safety and security of representatives of non-governmental organisations and civil society, including a revision of the legislation on the use of force in public gatherings;

11.  Emphasises the importance of ensuring and promoting a pluralist, independent and free media landscape that serves democracy; urges the authorities of the Republic of Guinea to immediately cease all harassment and intimidation of journalists, including an end to the arbitrary suspension of media licences, to respect the individual rights of journalists and human rights defenders working in the country, and guarantee their safety so that they can cover or monitor the political and human rights situation in the country;

12.  Strongly criticises the imprisonment of Abdourahmane Sanoh and other opposition and civil society leaders; calls for the immediate release of political prisoners in the country, and an investigation into the widespread allegations of mistreatment of prisoners;

13.  Calls on the authorities of the Republic of Guinea to halt any further evictions of the population from their land or property until it can guarantee respect for the rights of residents, including adequate notice, and compensation and resettlement prior to evictions; stresses that adequate compensation should be provided to all forcibly evicted individuals who have not yet received such compensation;

14.  Recalls the importance for the Republic of Guinea to work with regional partners to collectively strengthen democracy, development and security; urges the authorities in the Republic of Guinea to work closely with regional organisations, including ECOWAS, to restore basic freedoms, fully investigate human rights abuses committed during the demonstrations, and bring about a peaceful democratic transition; recalls that the solution to the current crisis can only be found in an open and accessible inter-Guinean dialogue between government and opposition groups; recalls, similarly, that ECOWAS and countries neighbouring the Republic of Guinea can play a vital role in promoting inter-Guinean dialogue and ensuring its continuation; calls on the Government of Guinea and ECOWAS to work together closely to ensure that the 2020 elections take place peacefully and are representative; calls on the Commission and the Member States to follow up on the recommendations made in the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of the Republic of Guinea in January 2020, in particular on the right to life, physical integrity, freedom of expression and freedom of peaceful assembly, as well as on the use of force and impunity; urges the authorities of the Republic of Guinea to engage meaningfully in the upcoming United Nations Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review, including providing full access to the UN on the ground, and to fully implement the subsequent recommendations of the Working Group;

15.  Urges the European Union to closely monitor the situation in the Republic of Guinea, and to hold the Government to account for any violation of commitments to international human rights law and agreements, especially with regard to Articles 8, 9 and 96 of the Cotonou Agreement;

16.  Calls on the Vice-President of the European Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, and the European External Action Service (EEAS) to maintain political dialogue, including dialogue held within the framework of Article 8 of the Cotonou Agreement, with a view to rapidly reducing tensions in the country and assisting, where requested, in the preparations for peaceful elections, including mediation and measures to combat pre- and post-electoral violence; calls, further, on the VP/HR and the EEAS to work with the authorities of the Republic of Guinea, ECOWAS, the UN Human Rights Office in the Republic of Guinea, the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights, and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for West Africa and the Sahel to shape a common strategy to resolve the current political crisis;

17.  Welcomes the focus of the 11th EDF on supporting the rule of law in the Republic of Guinea; urges the Commission and the EEAS to maintain support for strengthening civil society and independent state institutions;

18.  Calls on the Delegation of the European Union to the Republic of Guinea to continuously monitor the situation of the country’s independent civil society, observe the trials of political prisoners, and continue addressing the human rights situation in the country in its dialogue with the authorities of the Republic of Guinea; calls on the Commission to closely follow the situation in the Republic of Guinea and report back to Parliament on a regular basis;

19.  Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission, and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the President and Parliament of the Republic of Guinea, the institutions of ECOWAS, the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly and the African Union and its institutions.

European Parliament resolution of 13 February 2020 on child labour in mines in Madagascar (2020/2552(RSP))

P9_TA(2020)0037 RC-B9-0102/2020

The European Parliament,

–  having regard to its previous resolutions on Madagascar, in particular those of 9 June 2011(1) and 16 November 2017(2),

–  having regard to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child,

—  having regard to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948,

–  having regard to the Geneva Declaration on the Rights of the Child of 1924, and to its adoption by the UN General Assembly in 1959,

–  having regard to the EU Guidelines on the Rights of the Child,

–  having regard to Article 3 of the Treaty on European Union, which explicitly recognises the promotion of children’s rights in internal and external affairs as an objective of the EU,

–  having regard to International Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention No 138 concerning the minimum age for admission to employment of 6 June 1973, and ILO Convention No 182 concerning the prohibition and immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour of 1 June 1999,

–  having regard to its position adopted at first reading of 16 March 2017 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council setting up a Union system for supply chain due diligence self-certification of responsible importers of tin, tantalum and tungsten, their ores, and gold originating in conflict-affected and high-risk areas(3) (the Conflict Minerals Regulation),

–  having regard to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter),

–  having regard to the Committee on the Rights of the Child,

–  having regard to the Council conclusions of 20 June 2016 on child labour,

–  having regard to the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),

–  having regard to the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ Framework of 2011,

–  having regard to its resolution of 26 November 2019 on children’s rights on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child(4),

–  having regard to the UNGA resolution of 25 July 2019 declaring 2021 the International Year for the Elimination of Child Labour,

–  having regard to the Council conclusions of 10 December 2019 on building a sustainable Europe by 2030(5),

–  having regard to OECD Due Diligence Guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas, including all its annexes and supplements,

–  having regard to its resolution of 5 July 2016 on implementation of the 2010 recommendations of Parliament on social and environmental standards, human rights and corporate responsibility(6),

–  having regard to its resolution of 12 September 2017 on the impact of international trade and the EU’s trade policies on global value chains(7),

–  having regard to the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs, 2011),

–  having regard to General comment No 24 (2017) of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) on State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities (E/C.12/GC/24),

–  having regard to the Children’s Rights and Business Principles developed by UNICEF,

–  having regard to the Council conclusions of 12 May 2016 on the EU and responsible global value chains,

–  having regard to its resolution of 25 October 2016 on corporate liability for serious human rights abuses in third countries(8),

–  having regard to the Terre des Hommes International Federation report entitled ‘Child Labour in Madagascar’s Mica Sector from November 2019’(9),

–  having regard to Article 26 of the Cotonou Agreement,

–  having regard to Rules 144(5) and 132(4) of its Rules of Procedure,

A.  whereas Article 32 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child provides that ‘States Parties recognise the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development’;

B.  whereas the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is the most widely ratified international human rights treaty, ratified by all European Union Member States, and establishes clear legal obligations on states to promote, protect and uphold the rights of every child in their jurisdiction;

C.  whereas the European Union has undertaken to promote and protect the rights of the child in its internal and external actions, and to act in line with international law, including the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols(10);

D.  whereas the Charter requires that the best interests of the child be a primary consideration in all EU action and prohibits child labour by setting the minimum age of admission to employment, which may not be lower than the minimum school-leaving age, and states that young people admitted to work must have working conditions appropriate to their age and be protected against economic exploitation and any work likely to harm their safety, health or physical, mental, moral or social development or interfere with their education;

E.  whereas Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and Article 24 of the Charter respect the right of the child to be heard and to have their views on matters which concern them taken into consideration according to their age and maturity;

F.  whereas the EU has undertaken to implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and meet its goals and targets, including SDG 8.7 to ‘take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms’(11);

G.  whereas approximately 152 million girls and boys aged 5 to 17 worldwide are involved in child labour(12), with the highest proportion of working children living in the least developed countries; whereas Africa, with 72.1 million victims of child labour, and Asia and the Pacific, with 62.1 million, are the world regions with the highest number of victims of child labour; whereas agriculture, services and industry, including mining, are the three main sectors with a child labour presence; whereas although some progress has been made in reducing child labour, the ILO estimates that the pace of decline would still leave 121 million boys and girls in child labour by 2025;

H.  whereas Article 3(d) of International Labour Organisation Convention No 182 of 1999 concerning the prohibition and immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour defines hazardous child labour as ‘work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children’; whereas Madagascar has ratified all key international treaties on child labour, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child (and its two Optional Protocols), ILO Convention No 138 on minimum age, and ILO Convention No 182 on the worst forms of child labour; whereas the government has drawn up a national action plan to combat child labour in Madagascar, in collaboration with, inter alia, international employers’ and workers’ organisations; whereas these commitments and measures fail to deliver effective results on the ground;

I.  whereas the International Labour Organisation in its child labour definition states that ‘not all work done by children should be classified as child labour that is to be targeted for elimination; whereas children’s or adolescents’ participation in work that does not affect their health and personal development or interfere with their schooling, is generally regarded as being something positive; whereas through the African Union Agenda 2063, and the recently signed Ten-Year Action Plan on the Eradication of Child Labour, Forced Labour, Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery in Africa (2020-2030), African countries are committed to eliminating all forms of child labour on the continent in accordance with SDG 8.7 of the United Nations 2030 Agenda SDGs;

J.  whereas the largest category of the worst forms of child labour is hazardous child labour with approximately 73 million children, aged 5 to 17, working in dangerous conditions in a wide range of sectors, including mining(13); whereas in 2018, 47 % of all Malagasy children aged 5 to 17 were engaged in child labour, including an estimated 86 000 child labourers in the mining sector(14); whereas mining is the sector with the highest fatality rates for children, with the average of 32 deaths per 100 000 children between the ages of 5 and 17;

K.  whereas Madagascar has the world’s fifth‑highest number of out-of-school children(15); whereas half of all children in Madagascar under the age of five suffer from stunting, and, only 13 % have access to electricity(16); whereas, of the total population, 74 % are living below the national poverty line and 80 % live in rural areas(17); whereas three quarters of the population live on less than USD 1.90 a day; whereas according to UNICEF only 30 % of Malagasy children have access to primary school; whereas education is key in the prevention of child labour and in keeping children off the streets, where they become vulnerable to trafficking and exploitation;

L.  whereas Madagascar is the third‑biggest exporter of mica worldwide, accounting for USD 6.5 million in 2017, and one of the countries with the greatest risk of violation of children’s rights in mica mining, alongside India, China, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Brazil;

M.  whereas mica refers to a group of different minerals used in electronic and automotive industries and found in a wide range of products from paints to soil conditioners and from make-up to smart phones;

N.  whereas an estimated 11 000 children are involved in the mica sector in Madagascar; whereas the majority of this child labour is concentrated in the three southern provinces of Anosy, Androy and Ihorombe, where children underperform in terms of health, nutrition and educational development;

O.  whereas the children involved in the mica sector in Madagascar are exposed to harsh and unsafe working conditions, causing them back pain, headaches due to the heat and lack of water or oxygen in the mines, muscle pain due to the repetitive and hard work of carrying heavy loads, and frequent coughs and respiratory problems due to the very fine mica dust particles in and around the mines and processing centres, as well as risking death due to imploding mines or landslides; whereas the Madagascar authorities are not able to provide adequate access to healthcare, education, or clean drinking water facilities to many of the mining communities;

P.  whereas the root causes of child labour include poverty, migration, war or environmental degradation and climate change, lack of access to quality education, lack of decent jobs for parents, lack of social protection and social norms; whereas tackling child labour therefore requires a multi-dimensional approach and an analysis of patterns of child labour in a specific context;

Q.  whereas Madagascar is at the bottom of the United Nations Human Development Index, ranking 161st out of 189 countries (2017), with 57 % of Madagascar’s population suffering severe multidimensional poverty, based on the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), and with 1.3 million people in Madagascar severely affected by food insecurity in March 2019(18); whereas child labour is a symptom of mutually reinforcing root causes – including poverty, inequity and lack of access to basic social services; whereas, as such, child labour cannot be looked at in isolation;

R.  whereas the mica sector in Madagascar is taxed by means of a series of complex arrangements, with tax levels on exports being relatively low and not always providing direct benefit to mining communities; whereas approximately only 40 export permits have been issued, thereby suggesting that the vast majority of mica mining is carried out illegally and in unregulated, precarious artisanal sites; whereas the rise in exports combined with the significant decrease of the price per ton has aggravated the risk of labour exploitation;

S.  whereas the European Union Action Plan for Democracy and Human Rights 2015-2019 aims at tackling child labour, including by supporting ‘partner countries to promote, protect and fulfil children’s rights with a focus on economic, social and cultural rights such as the right to education, health and nutrition, social protection and the fight against the worst forms of child labour, always guided by the best interests of the child.’(19);

T.  whereas General Comment 16 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child ‘recognises that duties and responsibilities to respect the rights of children extend in practice beyond the State and State-controlled services and institutions and apply to private actors and business enterprises’ adding that ‘all businesses must meet their responsibilities regarding children’s rights and States must ensure they do so;

U.  whereas the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, has committed to a zero-tolerance policy on child labour in EU trade agreements(20) and called on the Vice-President-designate for Democracy and Demography, Dubravka Šuica, to develop a comprehensive strategy on the rights of the child(21);

V.  whereas in recent years the EU has started to adopt legislation to enhance corporate accountability and embed elements of Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD) into legislation, including the Conflict Minerals Regulation and the EU Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFR); whereas Member States have started to adopt national legislation with the same aim, such as the UK’s Modern Slavery Act, the French law on the duty of care of multinational companies, the Dutch Child Labour Due Diligence Bill, or the German and Italian national action plans to implement the UNGPs; whereas the Commission announced its intention to explore ways of improving transparency throughout the supply chain, including aspects of mandatory due diligence;

W.  whereas Parliament urged the Commission to consider banning EU imports of products made with child labour in a 2010 resolution and repeated its demands in a 2016 resolution calling ‘for a balanced and realistic proposal for legislation’, including measures such as labelling child-labour-free products and prohibiting imports of goods made with child labour;

1.  Strongly condemns the unacceptable use of child labour in all its forms;

2.  Is deeply concerned at the large number of child workers in Malagasy mines and the violations of these children’s rights; reminds the Malagasy authorities of their responsibility to uphold the rights of children and guarantee their safety and integrity;

3.  Welcomes the fact that the eradication of child labour is one of the priorities of the new Commission and asks it to provide details on how it aims to tackle child labour through EU policy, legislation and funding, including new initiatives;

4.  Welcomes the new Commission’s commitment to present a new comprehensive strategy on child rights, and calls on the Commission to ensure that such a strategy will contribute to tackling the root causes of child labour and its worst forms; calls for the EU to ensure that respect for human rights, including the fight against child labour and exploitation, remains an essential element of its political dialogue with Madagascar;

5.  Welcomes the fact that the Member States stressed the need to accelerate action both within and outside the European Union to fulfil the vision and goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda(22); reaffirms the urgent need to effectively address human rights abuses by transnational corporations; therefore welcomes the ongoing negotiations on a binding UN treaty for transnational corporations and human rights; reiterates its calls on the Commission and the Member States to engage constructively in these negotiations and to play an active role and contribute to the development of concrete proposals, including access to remedies; calls on the Member States, therefore, to mandate the Commission to take an active part in the negotiations;

6.  Welcomes the fact that the EU has taken some steps to develop binding regulations in the area of corporate due diligence in specific sectors where there is a high risk of human rights abuses, such as in the areas of timber and conflict minerals; notes that some Member States have also developed legislation, such as the French law on the duty of care of multinational companies and the Dutch Child Labour Due Diligence Bill; notes also that the EU has developed a number of initiatives to promote due diligence and that several European Parliament resolutions have called for the EU to further develop binding rules in this area;

7.  Calls on the Commission and the Member States to work closely with the different sectors to ensure efficient monitoring of the different supply chains in order to avoid child labour related products and services in EU markets; reiterates its call for the harmonisation and strengthening of import and supply chain controls, including through working towards binding due diligence and implementing OECD standards;

8.  Recalls that mining is among the sectors with the highest risk of workers’ rights abuse; takes note that the Conflict Minerals Regulation will come into effect in January 2021, with the Commission due to report on its implementation to Parliament by January 2023; believes that the review should take into account the impact of the regulation on the ground and assess the possibility of including minerals such as mica;

9.  Urges the EU and its Member States to work with Madagascar to support the adoption and implementation of legislation, policies, budgets and action programmes that would contribute to the full realisation of all the rights of every child, including child labourers, as well as improving the working conditions of those involved in the mining sector; calls on the EU delegation to Madagascar to continue to monitor the situation of children’s rights in the country closely;

10.  Highlights that it is important that the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework reflect the EU’s commitment to poverty eradication and elimination of the worst forms of child labour and to eradicate child labour by 2025 as per the SDGs, including in Madagascar(23), within the timeframe of the United Nations 2030 Agenda(24); calls on the Government of Madagascar to fully implement its commitments under ILO Convention No 182 on the worst forms of child labour and No 138 on the minimum age for admission to employment, notably by enhancing its financial capacity to monitor and inspect the working and living conditions of mine workers, and more broadly, by providing adequate access to basic education, healthcare, sanitation and drinking water; calls on the Government of Madagascar to protect children’s rights and promote the eradication of child labour;

11.  Urges the Commission to raise with Madagascar the issue of Malagasy mining companies using child labour so as to ascertain that no part of their production is directly or indirectly imported into the EU;

12.  Calls for the Economic Partnership Agreement between the EU and Madagascar and other Eastern and Southern Africa partners to be reformed so as to include a robust chapter on ‘Trade and Sustainable Development’ enshrining respect for internationally agreed labour rights standards, including combating child labour;

13.  Calls for all EU and international companies to observe the principles of fair trade and of ethically sourced goods and materials;

14.  Recommends the future application of the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument (NDICI) Regulation in the context of child labour eradication, including in the area of social inclusion and human development, which will ensure that the EU invests in education, health, nutrition, social protection, and the overall strengthening of child protection systems;

15.  Urges the Commission and the EU delegations to ensure meaningful consultations with local and international civil society organisations to ensure that evidence from programmes and the experiences of working children will be taken into account by the NDICI programming process, including for the programming process that concerns Madagascar;

16.  Recommends that the Commission continue to support the implementation of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, combat child labour and modern forms of forced labour, and protect human rights defenders through the NDICI thematic programme on Human Rights and Democracy;

17.  Calls for the EU as main player for human rights in the world to take the lead in the eradication of child labour and in taking immediate and effective measures to end child labour by 2025 in all its forms;

18.  Recommends that the European External Action Service (EEAS) prioritise the protection and promotion of children’s rights and the eradication of child labour in the next EU Action Plan for Democracy and Human Rights;

19.  Recommends that the EEAS develop the next EU Action Plan for Democracy and Human Rights with the meaningful and effective participation of civil society organisations, including child rights organisations, and children themselves;

20.  Calls on the Commission to ensure that the upcoming EU Africa strategy is driven by the ambition to implement the SDGs and investment in a broad range of children’s rights, while ensuring that the eradication of child labour is at the centre of this strategy; recommends that the Commision place children’s rights at the centre of the Post-Cotonou Agreement;

21.  Calls on the Commission to develop a comprehensive implementation strategy for the 2030 Agenda and to set as a core objective the eradication of child labour; underlines the need to fully implement the principle of Policy Coherence for Development, as enshrined in Article 208 of the TFEU, and to integrate a ‘do no harm’ approach to children’s rights; stresses the importance, to this end, of including the fight against forced labour and child labour in all EU economic partnership agreements, through binding and enforceable sustainable development chapters, which must reflect the highest environmental and social standards, notably on child labour, in line with Commission President von der Leyen’s commitment on a ‘zero-tolerance’ policy towards child labour;

22.  Recalls that one of the main challenges for developing countries is to climb up the global value chain (GVC) through economic diversification, which necessitates fair and pro-development global trade rules; against this background, stresses that the EU should refrain from adopting a trade policy that prohibits developing countries from levying export taxes on raw materials as a general rule within the remit of the economic partnership agreements, insofar as this is WTO-compatible; calls on the Commission to actively work within the WTO to promote multilateral rules for the sustainable management of GVCs, including mandatory supply chain due diligence;

23.  Calls on Madagascar to mainstream the inclusion of young people in their national development agendas, to adopt mechanisms for enhancing their representation at all levels of decision-making, and to provide specific and adequate budgetary allocations in programmes allowing all young people to benefit from primary, secondary and tertiary education;

24.  Takes note of the current revision of the Malagasy mining code and calls on the government to prioritise compliance with its international commitments, including in terms of social and environmental standards, decent work and respect for human rights in general and children’s rights, building on existing initiatives such as the Responsible Mica Initiative;

25.  Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission, the Member States, the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the ACP-EU Council, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community, the Commission of the African Union and the Government of Madagascar.

(1) OJ C 380 E, 11.12.2012, p. 129. (2) OJ C 356, 4.10.2018, p. 58. (3) OJ C 263, 25.7.2018, p. 371. (4) Texts adopted, P9_TA(2019)0066. (5) https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/41693/se-st14835-en19.pdf (6) OJ C 101, 16.3.2018, p. 19. (7) OJ C 337, 20.9.2018, p. 33. (8) OJ C 215, 19.6.2018, p. 125. (9) https://www.terredeshommes.nl/sites/tdh/files/visual_select_file/tdh_mica_madagascar_rapport.pdf (10) Article 3 of the Treaty on the European Union. (11) United Nations. 2015. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, UN Doc. A/RES/70/1. Available at: https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E (12) ILO. 2017. Global Estimates of Child Labour: Results and trends, 2012-2016. https://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_575499/lang--en/index.htm (13) https://www.ilo.org/ipec/facts/WorstFormsofChildLabour/Hazardouschildlabour/lang--en/index.htm (14) INSTAT/UNICEF, Madagascar 2018, Travail des enfants, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), PowerPoint presentation. (15) World Bank website, School Enrolment Primary, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.ENRR?locations=MG (16) World Bank website, Where We Work, Madagascar, ‘Overview’, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/madagascar/overview (17) Ministère de l’Economie et du Plan, Rapport National sur le Développement Humain, RNDH n°6, 2018, https://bit.ly/2IWdx8o (18) OCHA, Madagascar, Aperçu de la situation humanitaire, March-April 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4z3zrbo (19) Council of the European Union. 2015. EU Action Plan for Democracy and Human Rights 2015-2019. Action 15.b https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/eu_action_plan_on_human_rights_and_democracy_en_2.pdf (20) A Union that strives for more. My agenda for Europe by candidate for President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen. Political Guidelines for the Next European Commission 2019-2024. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/political-guidelines-next-commission_en.pdf (21) Ursula von der Leyen, President-elect of the European Commission. Mission Letter to Dubravka Šuica, Vice‑President-designate for Democracy and Demography. 10 September 2019. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/mission-letter-dubravka-suica_en.pdf (22) https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/41693/se-st14835-en19.pdf (23) https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category-madagascar.html (24) The New European Consensus on Development: ‘Our World, Our Dignity, Our Future’. 2017. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/24011/european-consensus-for-development-st09459en17.pdf

European Parliament legislative resolution of 13 February 2020 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Border and Coast Guard and repealing Council Joint Action No 98/700/JHA, Regulation (EU) No 1052/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EU) No 2016/1624 of the European Parliament and of the Council (COM(2018)0631 – C8-0150/2019 – 2018/0330B(COD))

P9_TA(2020)0038 A9-0022/2019

(Ordinary legislative procedure: first reading)

The European Parliament,

–  having regard to the Commission proposal to Parliament and the Council (COM(2018)0631),

–  having regard to the decision by the Conference of Presidents on 21 March 2019 to split the Commission proposal and to authorise the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs to draw up a separate legislative report for the provisions pertaining to the False and Authentic Documents Online (FADO) system, namely recitals 80 to 83, 102, 114 and 115 and Article 80 of the Commission proposal;

–  having regard to Article 294(2) and points (b) and (d) of Article 77(2) and point (c) of Article 79(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, pursuant to which the Commission submitted the proposal to Parliament (C8‑0150/2019),

–  having regard to the opinion of the Committee on Legal Affairs on the proposed legal basis,

–  having regard to Article 294(3) and point (a) of Article 87(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

–  having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee of 12 December 2018(1),

–  having regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions of 6 February 2019(2),

–  having regard to the provisional agreement approved by the committee responsible under Rule 74(4) of its Rules of Procedure and the undertaking given by the Council representative by letter of 4 December 2019 to approve Parliament’s position, in accordance with Article 294(4) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

–  having regard to Rules 59 and 40 of its Rules of Procedure,

–  having regard to the report of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (A9-0022/2019),

1.  Adopts its position at first reading hereinafter set out;

2.  Calls on the Commission to refer the matter to Parliament again if it replaces, substantially amends or intends to substantially amend its proposal;

3.  Instructs its President to forward its position to the Council, the Commission and the national parliaments.

Position of the European Parliament adopted at first reading on 13 February 2020 with a view to the adoption of Regulation (EU) 2020/… of the European Parliament and of the Council on the False and Authentic Documents Online (FADO) system and repealing Council Joint Action 98/700/JHA

(As an agreement was reached between Parliament and Council, Parliament's position corresponds to the final legislative act, Regulation (EU) 2020/493.)

(1) OJ C 110, 22.3.2019, p. 62. (2) OJ C 168, 16.5.2019, p. 74.

European Parliament resolution of 13 February 2020 on the EU priorities for the 64th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (2019/2967(RSP))

P9_TA(2020)0039 B9-0093/2020

The European Parliament,

–  having regard to the 64th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (CSW64) and its priority theme of the review and appraisal of the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action,

–  having regard to the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in September 1995, the Declaration and Platform for Action for the empowerment of women adopted in Beijing and the subsequent outcome documents of the UN Beijing +5, +10, +15 and +20 special sessions on new actions and initiatives to implement the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, adopted on 9 June 2000, 11 March 2005, 2 March 2010 and 9 March 2015, respectively,

–  having regard to the 1979 UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW),

–  having regard to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted in September 2015 and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDGs 3 and 5,

–  having regard to the Paris Agreement of 12 December 2015,

–  having regard to the 2019 report from the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) entitled ‘Beijing +25 – The 5th Review of the Implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action in the EU Member States’,

–  having regard to the Economic Commission for Europe resolution ECE/AC.28/2019/3 (Beijing+25 Regional Review Meeting),

–  having regard to the EU Gender Action Plan 2016-2020 (GAP II), adopted by the Council on 26 October 2015, and to the Annual Implementation report 2018 thereof, published on 11 September 2019 by the Commission and the High Representative,

–  having regard to the EU-UN Spotlight Initiative aiming at eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls,

–  having regard to the Council conclusions of 10 December 2018 on ‘Women, Peace and Security’,

–  having regard to the Council conclusions of 9-10 December 2019 on ‘Gender‑Equal Economies in the EU: The Way Forward’,

–  having regard to the Presidency conclusions of 6 December 2018 on ‘Gender Equality, Youth and Digitalisation’,

–  having regard to its resolution of 13 March 2018 on gender equality in EU trade agreements(1) ,

–  having regard to its resolution of 3 October 2017 on women’s economic empowerment in the private and public sectors in the EU(2),

–  having regard to its resolution of 15 January 2019 on gender equality and taxation policies in the EU(3),

–  having regard its resolution of 28 November 2019 on the EU’s accession to the Istanbul Convention and other measures to combat gender-based violence(4),

–  having regard to Article 157(4) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

–  having regard to the question to the Council on the EU priorities for the 64th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (O-000006/2020 – B9‑0005/2020),

–  having regard to Rules 136(5) and 132(2) of its Rules of Procedure,

A.  whereas equality between women and men is a fundamental principle of the EU, enshrined in the Treaty of the European Union and the Charter of Fundamental Rights and, gender mainstreaming is therefore an important tool in the integration of this principle in all EU policies, measures and actions, including in its external dimension;

B.  whereas women’s rights and gender equality are not only fundamental human rights, which should be defended by women and men equally, but are also preconditions for advancing social and economic development and reducing poverty and a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world;

C.  whereas although the Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA) was established 25 years ago, many of the challenges identified in 1995 remain relevant today (such as the gender pay and pension gaps, low employment rates among women, underrepresentation in decision making, unequal distribution of unpaid work and gender-based violence among many others): whereas CSW64 will focus on reviewing and appraising the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and the BPfA, the outcomes of the 23rd special session of the General Assembly and the full realisation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development;

D.  whereas SDG5 aims at achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls worldwide; whereas SDG5 is a stand-alone goal, meaning that it has to be mainstreamed into the whole 2030 Agenda for the realisation of all SDGs; whereas empowering women means providing them with the necessary tools to become economically independent, be represented equally across society, play an equal role in all spheres of life, and gain more power in public life and control over all decisions that have an impact on their lives;

E.  whereas ‘Action Coalitions’ are global, innovative, multi-stakeholder partnerships that will mobilise governments, civil society, international organisations and the private sector; whereas the Action Coalition themes for Generation Equality are gender-based violence, economic justice and rights, bodily autonomy and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), feminist action for climate justice, technology and innovation for gender equality, feminist movements and leadership, which are selected based on human rights principles, and through a data-driven process of consultation with international feminist groups, grassroots activists’ organisations, governments and other partners; whereas the Action Coalitions reflect one of the objectives of the Generation Equality Forum, which is to achieve tangible results on gender equality during the UN Decade of Action (2020-2030) in order to deliver the SDGs; whereas each Action Coalition will launch a targeted set of concrete, ambitious and immediate actions over the 2020 2025 period in order to achieve tangible impact on gender equality and girls’ and women’s human rights;

F.  whereas the EU is a global international leader as it is the world’s largest development aid donor and, together with its Member States, provides more than half of the official development assistance (ODA) globally, and has been a major supporter of Agenda 2030 and is committed to the implementation thereof; whereas the European Consensus on Development includes gender equality and women’s and girls’ human rights, in addition to their empowerment and protection, as a core principle and priority in all areas of EU external action;

G.  whereas an organised, worrying backlash against women’s and LGBTIQ+ rights is being observed worldwide; whereas this backlash is also visible in the Member States where anti-gender movements try to limit sexual and reproductive health and rights, ban sexuality education and gender studies and promote smear campaigns against the Istanbul Convention; whereas this regression in women’s rights and gender equality must be equated with attacks against democracy itself;

H.  whereas the gender pay and pension gaps have been reduced in the EU since 2013, but still remain high (around 16 % and 37 %, respectively); whereas the gender employment gap remains stagnant at 11,5 percentage points; whereas women are still almost four times more likely to be in part-time employment than men, a figure that has remained practically unchanged since 2013;

I.  whereas women in Europe and throughout the world still bear more of the responsibility for caring for children and older relatives than men; whereas, by way of example, women in the EU are estimated to undertake an average of about 13 hours more unpaid work per week than men; whereas, despite some progress, the Barcelona objectives for providing formal childcare have not yet been fully met in some Member States and nearly a third of households in the EU still find it difficult to afford childcare; whereas there are significant gaps in the availability of formal long-term care services for older people and people with disabilities, as well as significant differences in Member States’ spending on these services;

J.  while the proportion of women in decision-making roles has, for the most part, increased since 2013, progress has typically been slow and inconsistent; whereas the extent of women’s under-representation varies across and within sectors and Member States; whereas particularly poor levels of representation of women (around 20 % or less) are seen in many economic and business decision‑making positions, in sport, in the diplomatic sector and in the Court of Justice of the European Union;

K.  whereas almost one in three single women and men are at risk of poverty or social exclusion, with women making up the vast majority (87 %) of single parents; whereas around one in two people from a non-EU migrant background and almost a third of women with disabilities are at a risk of poverty and social exclusion; whereas four out of five members of the Roma community have incomes below the poverty threshold in their country of residence and fewer than one in five Roma women (aged 16 and over) are in employment;

L.  whereas, pursuant to the Istanbul Convention, violence against women is understood as a violation of human rights and a form of discrimination against women; whereas gender-based violence continues to be a daily reality for millions of women and girls; whereas as many as one in two women in the EU have experienced sexual harassment and one in three have been affected by physical and/or sexual violence; whereas women and girls account for more than two thirds of victims of trafficking in human beings; whereas the exposure of certain groups of women to intersectional and multiple forms of discrimination further increases their exposure to different forms of gender‑based violence; whereas combatting discrimination in laws and practices, and tackling discriminatory attitudes and norms in areas such as child marriage and other customary practices strengthens women’s rights and empowerment; whereas the denial of sexual and reproductive health and rights services is a form of violence against women;

M.  whereas the emergence of cyber violence (including online hate speech, cyber stalking, bullying or harassment, and non-consensual sharing of explicit images) is of increasing concern, as such violence can silence women and discourage them from taking a prominent role in public life; whereas women in public functions, such as politicians, journalists and those fighting for women’s and minority rights, are increasingly becoming victims of sexist cyber harassment; whereas women are also subject to gender-based harassment and bullying in the workplace, which has been visibly demonstrated and acknowledged by the recent global #MeToo movement;

N.  whereas access to sexual and reproductive health and rights varies greatly around the world, also within and between the Member States; whereas denial of access or restricted access is particularly harmful to those in the most vulnerable situations; whereas every country analysed by the 2019 Contraception Atlas needs to do more to improve access to information and contraceptive supplies so that people have a choice over their reproductive lives;

O.  whereas women are agents of positive change and contribute to conflict prevention and resolution, peacebuilding, peace negotiations and post-conflict reconstruction;

P.  whereas gender equality is a prerequisite for sustainable development and the efficient management of climate challenges in order to achieve a fair and just transition that leaves no one behind; whereas all climate action must include a gender­ and an intersectional perspective; whereas women need to play stronger roles in the climate change space as leaders, professionals and technical agents for change;

Q.  whereas women’s economic empowerment is crucial for sustainable development and economic growth; stresses the importance of supporting female entrepreneurship, women’s role in trade policies and agreements, and women’s inclusion in emerging economic fields such as ICT, STEM, the digital sector, artificial intelligence and the green economy, as levers for sustainable growth and women’s financial independence;

1.  Addresses the following recommendations to the Council:

General remarks

a.  To reconfirm its unwavering commitment to the BPfA and subsequent review conferences and to the range of actions for gender equality outlined therein; reiterates that working to achieve women’s rights and gender equality demands a coordinated and multisector approach that involves all stakeholders addressing the persistent multiple forms of discrimination, prevailing gender stereotypes and lack of equality between genders;

The EU as a global actor

g.  To ensure coherence and complementarity among all existing EU external instruments and policies as regards gender mainstreaming, including EU trade policy, the new Consensus on Development, the EU resource package on gender mainstreaming in development cooperation, and the EU Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy;

Women’s economic and political empowerment

p.  To step up efforts for greater inclusion of women in the labour market and improve support for female entrepreneurship given that they are key factors behind achieving long-term inclusive economic growth, combatting inequalities and encouraging women’s financial independence; to take measures to address women’s unemployment, particularly their long-term unemployment;

Eradicating gender-based violence and ensuring women’s fundamental rights

x.  To condemn all forms of gender-based violence and the fact that women and girls continue to be exposed to psychological, physical, sexual and economic violence, including domestic violence, sexual harassment, cyber violence, stalking, rape, early and forced marriage, female genital mutilation (FGM), crimes committed in the name of so-called ‘honour’, forced abortion, forced sterilisation, sexual exploitation and human trafficking and other forms of violence that constitute a serious violation of their human rights and dignity; to take note of Parliament’s serious concern about the phenomenon of femicide, which is the most extreme form of violence against women;

Gender-responsive and inclusive policies and institutions

ad.  To ensure the implementation of systematic gender mainstreaming as a key strategy to support the realisation of gender equality in practice; to acknowledge that gender mainstreaming must be undertaken in all policy areas and acknowledge the special importance of performing gender impact assessments;

2.  Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council and, for information, to the Commission.

(1) OJ C 162, 10.5.2019, p. 9. (2) OJ C 346, 27.9.2018, p. 6. (3) Texts adopted, P8_TA(2019)0014. (4) Texts adopted, P9_TA(2019)0080. (5) OJ L 101, 15.4.2011, p. 1.