The city, besieged from October 1936, fell to the Nationalist armies of Franco on 28 March 1939.
The opening of the Lachine Canal in 1826 permitted ships to bypass the unnavigable Lachine Rapids, while the construction of the Victoria Bridge over the St. Lawrence River established the city as a major railway hub.
On 22 May 2017, an Islamist terrorist carried out a bombing at an Ariana Grande concert in the AO Arena; the bomb killed 23, including the attacker, and injured over 800.
During World War II, on 15 August 1943, The Last Supper (Leonardo) was struck by Allied bombing; protective sandbagging prevented it from being struck by bomb splinters.
The city had been the capital of the Aztec Empire, and in the colonial era, it became the capital of New Spain.
The 17th century was rich in popular risings, such as the liberation of the city from the Polish–Lithuanian invaders (1612), the Salt Riot (1648), the Copper Riot (1662), and the Streltsy uprising of 1682.
Orange Bowl football contest begins on 1 January 1935.
Johannes Gutenberg was born in this German city c. 1400.
After Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, the Spanish crown began to govern this city directly, causing banking, industry and education to flourish.
By 1845, the original archipelago of seven islands coalesced into a single landmass by the Hornby Vellard project via large scale land reclamation.
The discovery of gold in Victoria in mid-1851 sparked a gold rush, and the city, the colony's major port, experienced rapid growth.
After World War II, it was made the capital of the Trust Territory of Somaliland, an Italian‐administered fiduciary political entity.
As the home of the cartel founded by Pablo Escobar, the city was a victim of the terror caused by the war between the organization headed by Escobar, and competing organizations such as 'El Cartel del Valle'.
On 20 November 1979, two hundred armed dissidents led by Juhayman al-Otaibi, seized the Grand Mosque, claiming the Saudi royal family no longer represented pure Islam and that the Masjid al-Haram and the Ka'bah, must be held by those of true faith.
The city ceased to be the capital on 28 November 1885 when the British conquered the city, looted the Pitakataik (Royal Library) and sent King Thibaw Min and his queen Supayalat into exile, ending the Third Anglo-Burmese War.
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