Benjamin Spock
Paediatric innovator
Sigmund Freud
Founder of psychoanalysis
Jonas Salk
Polio vaccine discoverer
Hippocrates
Father of Medicine
Avicenna
Persian polymath and physician
Alexander Fleming
Discoverer of penicillin
Edward Jenner
First vaccinator
Louis Pasteur
Pioneer of pasteurisation
William Harvey
Blood circulation theorist
Robert Koch
Pioneer in microbiology
Claudius Galen
Greek surgeon and philosopher
Christiaan Barnard
Heart transplant pioneer
Joseph Lister
Pioneer of sterile medicine
Elizabeth Blackwell
UK and American early female doctor
Virginia Apgar
Paediatrician who created the Apgar score
Andreas Vesalius
Key figure in anatomical understanding
William Osler
Canadian pioneer of clinical bedside training
Ivan Pavlov
Russian pioneer in classical conditioning
René Laennec
Inventor of the stethoscope
Ignaz Semmelweis
Pioneer of antiseptic medicine
John Hunter
Pioneer surgeon
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