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Document 02009L0043-20150105
Directive 2009/43/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 simplifying terms and conditions of transfers of defence-related products within the Community (Text with EEA relevance)
Consolidated text: Directive 2009/43/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 simplifying terms and conditions of transfers of defence-related products within the Community (Text with EEA relevance)
Directive 2009/43/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 simplifying terms and conditions of transfers of defence-related products within the Community (Text with EEA relevance)
2009L0043 — EN — 05.01.2015 — 005.001
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
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DIRECTIVE 2009/43/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 6 May 2009 simplifying terms and conditions of transfers of defence-related products within the Community (OJ L 146, 10.6.2009, p.1) |
Amended by:
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Official Journal |
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No |
page |
date |
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COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2010/80/EU Text with EEA relevance of 22 November 2010 |
L 308 |
11 |
24.11.2010 |
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COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2012/10/EU Text with EEA relevance of 22 March 2012 |
L 85 |
3 |
24.3.2012 |
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COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2012/47/EU Text with EEA relevance of 14 December 2012 |
L 31 |
43 |
31.1.2013 |
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COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2014/18/EU Text with EEA relevance of 29 January 2014 |
L 40 |
20 |
11.2.2014 |
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COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2014/108/EU Text with EEA relevance of 12 December 2014 |
L 359 |
117 |
16.12.2014 |
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DIRECTIVE 2009/43/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 6 May 2009
simplifying terms and conditions of transfers of defence-related products within the Community
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 95 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee ( 1 ),
Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty ( 2 ),
Whereas:|
(1) |
The Treaty provides for the establishment of an internal market, including the abolition between Member States of obstacles to the free movement of goods and services, and for the institution of a system ensuring that competition in the internal market is not distorted. |
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(2) |
The Treaty provisions establishing the internal market apply to all goods and services provided in return for remuneration, including defence-related products, but do not preclude Member States under certain conditions from taking other measures in individual cases where they consider it necessary for the protection of their essential security interests. |
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(3) |
The laws, regulations and administrative provisions in Member States concerning the transfer of defence-related products within the Community contain disparities which may impede the movement of such products and which may distort competition within the internal market, thereby hampering innovation, industrial cooperation and the competitiveness of the defence industry in the European Union. |
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(4) |
The objectives pursued generally by the laws and regulations of Member States include the preservation of human rights, peace, security and stability through systems of strict control and restriction of the exportation and proliferation of defence-related products to third countries as well as to other Member States. |
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(5) |
Such restrictions on the movement of defence-related products within the Community cannot be abolished generally through direct application of the principles of the free movement of goods and services provided for by the Treaty, as those restrictions may be justified on a case-by-case basis in accordance with Articles 30 or 296 of the Treaty, which continue to be applicable by Member States, provided that their conditions are met. |
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(6) |
The relevant laws and regulations of Member States therefore need to be harmonised in such a way as to simplify the intra-Community transfer of defence-related products in order to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market. This Directive only deals with rules and procedures as far as defence-related products are concerned, and, consequently, does not affect the policies of the Member States regarding the transfer of defence-related products. |
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(7) |
Harmonisation of the relevant laws and regulations of Member States should not prejudice the international obligations and commitments of the Member States nor their discretion as regards their policy on the export of defence-related products. |
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(8) |
Member States should remain entitled to pursue and further develop intergovernmental cooperation, whilst complying with the provisions of this Directive. |
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(9) |
This Directive should not apply to defence-related products which only pass through the territory of the Community, namely to those products which are not assigned a customs-approved treatment or use other than the external transit procedure or which are merely placed in a free zone or free warehouse and where no record of them has to be kept in an approved stock record. |
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(10) |
This Directive should cover all the defence-related products which correspond to those listed in the Common Military List of the European Union ( 3 ), including their components and technologies. |
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(11) |
This Directive should not prejudice the implementation of Joint Action 97/817/CFSP of 28 November 1997 adopted by the Council on the basis of Article J.3 of the Treaty of the European Union on anti-personnel landmines ( 4 ), nor should it prejudice the ratification and implementation by the Member States of the Convention on Cluster Munitions, signed in Oslo on 3 December 2008. |
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(12) |
The objectives of the preservation of human rights, peace, security and stability pursued generally by laws and regulations of Member States restricting the transfer of defence-related products require that the transfer of those products within the Community remain subject to authorisation by originating Member States and guarantees in the receiving Member States. |
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(13) |
In view of the safeguards provided by this Directive for the protection of those objectives, Member States would no longer need to introduce or maintain other restrictions for their achievement, subject to Articles 30 and 296 of the Treaty. |
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(14) |
This Directive should not prejudice the application of provisions necessary on grounds of public policy or public security. In the light of the nature and features of defence-related products, grounds of public policy, such as the safety of transport, the safety of storage, the risk of diversion and the prevention of crime, are of particular relevance for the purposes of this Directive. |
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(15) |
This Directive is without prejudice to the application of Council Directive 91/477/EEC of 18 June 1991 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons ( 5 ), and in particular the formalities for the movement of weapons within the Community. This Directive is also without prejudice to the application of Council Directive 93/15/EEC of 5 April 1993 on the harmonization of the provisions relating to the placing on the market and supervision of explosives for civil uses ( 6 ), and in particular the provisions regarding the transfer of ammunitions. |
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(16) |
Any transfer of defence-related products within the Community should be subject to prior authorisation through general, global or individual transfer licences granted or published by the Member State from whose territory the supplier wishes to transfer defence-related products. Member States should be able to exempt transfers of defence-related products from the obligation of prior authorisation in specific cases listed in this Directive. |
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(17) |
Member States should be free to deny or grant prior authorisation. In line with the principles establishing the internal market, such authorisation should be valid throughout the Community and no further authorisation for passage through other Member States or entrance onto the territory of other Member States should be required. |
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(18) |
Member States should determine the suitable type of transfer licence for defence-related products or categories of defence-related products for each type of transfer, and which terms and conditions should be attached to each transfer licence, taking into account the sensitivity of the transfer. |
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(19) |
As regards components, Member States should refrain from imposing export limitations as far as possible by accepting the recipient’s declaration of use, taking into account the degree of integration of such components into the recipient’s own products. |
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(20) |
Member States should determine the recipients of transfer licences in a non-discriminatory way, unless necessary for the protection of their essential security interests. |
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(21) |
In order to facilitate transfers of defence-related products, general transfer licences should be published by Member States granting authorisation to transfer defence-related products to any undertaking fulfilling the terms and conditions defined in each general transfer licence. |
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(22) |
A general transfer licence should be published for transfers of defence-related products to armed forces in order to greatly increase security of supply for all Member States which choose to procure such products within the Community. |
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(23) |
A general transfer licence should be published for transfers of components to certified European defence undertakings in order to foster cooperation between, and the integration of, those undertakings, in particular by facilitating optimisation of supply chains and economies of scale. |
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(24) |
Member States participating in an intergovernmental cooperation programme should be able to publish a general transfer licence for such transfers of defence-related products to recipients in other participating Member States as are necessary for the execution of that programme. This would improve conditions for the participation in intergovernmental cooperation programmes by undertakings established in participating Member States. |
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(25) |
Member States should be able to publish further general transfer licences to cover cases where the risk for the preservation of human rights, peace, security and stability is very low in view of the nature of the products and the recipients. |
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(26) |
Where a general transfer licence cannot be published, Member States should, upon request, grant a global transfer licence to individual undertakings, except in the cases set out in this Directive. Member States should be able to grant renewable global transfer licences. |
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(27) |
Undertakings should inform the competent authorities of the use of general transfer licences with a view to the preservation of human rights, peace, security and stability and in order to allow transparent reporting of transfers of defence-related products with a view to democratic control. |
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(28) |
The degree of latitude of Member States in determining the terms and conditions of general, global and individual transfer licences should be flexible enough to allow on-going cooperation under the existing international framework on export control. As the decision to authorise or deny an export is, and should remain, at the discretion of each Member State, such cooperation should only stem from the voluntary coordination of export policies. |
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(29) |
In order to compensate for the progressive replacement of individual ex-ante control by general ex-post control in the Member State of origin of the defence-related products, conditions for mutual confidence and trust should be created by including guarantees which ensure that defence-related products are not exported in violation of export limitations to third countries. This principle should also be observed in instances where defence-related products are transferred several times between Member States before being exported to a third country. |
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(30) |
Member States cooperate in the framework of Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP of 8 December 2008 defining common rules governing control of exports of military technology and equipment ( 7 ) through application of common criteria as well as denial notification and consultation mechanisms with a view to increasing convergence in the application of their export policies of defence-related products to third countries. This Directive should not prevent Member States from determining the terms and conditions of transfer licences of defence-related products, including possible export limitations, in particular where this is necessary for the purposes of cooperation in the framework of that Common Position. |
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(31) |
Suppliers should inform recipients of any limitations attached to transfer licences in order to allow the building of mutual trust in the ability of recipients to comply with such limitations after the transfer, in particular in the case of a request for export to third countries. |
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(32) |
It should be for undertakings to decide whether the benefits flowing from the possibility of receiving defence-related products under a general transfer licence justify the request for certification. Transfers within a group of undertakings should benefit from a general transfer licence in cases where the members of the group are certified in their respective Member States of establishment. |
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(33) |
Common criteria for certification are necessary in order to allow the building of mutual trust, in particular in the ability of recipients to comply with export limitations of defence-related products received under a transfer licence from another Member State. |
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(34) |
In order to facilitate mutual confidence, recipients of transferred defence-related products should refrain from exporting those products where the transfer licence contains export limitations. |
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(35) |
Undertakings should declare to their competent authorities, at the time of requesting an export licence to third countries, whether they have abided by any export limitations attached to the transfer of the defence-related product by the Member State which issued the transfer licence. In this context, it is recalled that the consultation mechanism between Member States, as provided for in Common Position 2008/944/CFSP, is of particular relevance. |
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(36) |
Undertakings should furnish proof of the export licence at the common external frontier of the Community to the competent customs authority at the moment of the export to a third country of a defence-related product received under a transfer licence. |
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(37) |
The list of defence-related products set out in the Annex should be updated in strict conformity with the Common Military List of the European Union. |
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(38) |
It is necessary for the progressive building of mutual trust and confidence that Member States determine effective measures, including penalties, sufficient to ensure enforcement of the provisions of this Directive, and in particular those providing that undertakings comply with the common criteria for certification and with limitations of further use of defence-related products following a transfer. |
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(39) |
Where a Member State of origin has a reasonable doubt as to whether a certified recipient will comply with a condition attached to its general transfer licence, or where a licensing Member State considers that public policy, public security or its essential security interests could be affected, it should not only inform the other Member States and the Commission, but should also be able to provisionally suspend the effect of any transfer licence with regard to that recipient, having regard to its responsibility for the preservation of human rights, peace, security and stability. |
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(40) |
To foster mutual trust, the application of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions adopted to ensure compliance with this Directive should be deferred. That would allow, before application of those provisions, an evaluation of progress made on the basis of a report prepared by the Commission based on the information submitted by the Member States on the measures taken. |
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(41) |
The Commission should regularly publish a report on the implementation of this Directive, which may be accompanied by legislative proposals where appropriate. |
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(42) |
This Directive does not affect the existence or completion of regional unions between Belgium and Luxembourg, or between Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, as provided for in Article 306 of the Treaty. |
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(43) |
Since the objective of this Directive, namely the simplification of the rules and procedures applicable to the intra-Community transfer of defence-related products in order to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States in view of the divergence of present licensing procedures and the cross-border nature of transfers, and can therefore be better achieved at Community level, the Community may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve that objective. |
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(44) |
The measures necessary for the implementation of this Directive should be adopted in accordance with Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers of the Commission ( 8 ). |
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(45) |
In particular, the Commission should be empowered to amend the Annex. Since those measures are of general scope and are designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, they must be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny provided for in Article 5a of Decision 1999/468/EC. |
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(46) |
In accordance with point 34 of the Interinstitutional Agreement on better law-making ( 9 ), Member States are encouraged to draw up, for themselves and in the interests of the Community, their own tables illustrating, as far as possible, the correlation between this Directive and the transposition measures, and to make them public, |
HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
CHAPTER I
SUBJECT MATTER, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
Article 1
Subject matter
1. The aim of this Directive is to simplify the rules and procedures applicable to the intra-Community transfer of defence-related products in order to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market.
2. This Directive does not affect the discretion of Member States as regards policy on the export of defence-related products.
3. The application of this Directive is subject to Articles 30 and 296 of the Treaty.
4. This Directive does not affect the possibility for Member States to pursue and further develop intergovernmental cooperation, whilst complying with the provisions of this Directive.
Article 2
Scope
This Directive applies to defence-related products as set out in the Annex.
Article 3
Definitions
For the purposes of this Directive, the following definitions shall apply:
1. ‘defence-related product’ means any product listed in the Annex;
2. ‘transfer’ means any transmission or movement of a defence-related product from a supplier to a recipient in another Member State;
3. ‘supplier’ means the legal or natural person established within the Community who is legally responsible for a transfer;
4. ‘recipient’ means the legal or natural person established within the Community who is legally responsible for the receipt of a transfer;
5. ‘transfer licence’ means an authorisation by a national authority of a Member State for suppliers to transfer defence-related products to a recipient in another Member State;
6. ‘export licence’ means an authorisation to supply defence-related products to a legal or natural person in any third country;
7. ‘passage through’ means the transport of defence-related products through one or more Member States other than the originating and receiving Member States.
CHAPTER II
TRANSFER LICENCES
Article 4
General provisions
1. The transfer of defence-related products between Member States shall be subject to prior authorisation. No further authorisation by other Member States shall be required for passage through Member States or for entrance onto the territory of the Member State where the recipient of defence-related products is located, without prejudice to the application of provisions necessary on grounds of public security or public policy such as, inter alia, the safety of transport.
2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, Member States may exempt transfers of defence-related products from the obligation of prior authorisation set out in that paragraph where:
(a) the supplier or the recipient is a governmental body or part of the armed forces;
(b) supplies are made by the European Union, NATO, IAEA or other intergovernmental organisations for the performance of their tasks;
(c) the transfer is necessary for the implementation of a cooperative armament programme between Member States;
(d) the transfer is linked to humanitarian aid in the case of disaster or as a donation in an emergency; or
(e) the transfer is necessary for or after repair, maintenance, exhibition or demonstration.
3. At the request of a Member State or on its own initiative, the Commission may amend paragraph 2 in order to include cases where:
(a) the transfer takes place under conditions which do not affect public policy or public security;
(b) the obligation of prior authorisation has become incompatible with international commitments of the Member States subsequent to the adoption of this Directive; or
(c) it is necessary for intergovernmental cooperation, as referred to in Article 1(4).
Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 14(2).
4. Member States shall ensure that suppliers wishing to transfer defence-related products from their territory may use general transfer licences or apply for global or individual transfer licences in accordance with Articles 5, 6 and 7.
5. Member States shall determine the type of transfer licence for defence-related products or categories of defence-related products concerned in accordance with the provisions of this Article and Articles 5, 6 and 7.
6. Member States shall determine all the terms and conditions of transfer licences, including any limitations on the export of defence-related products to legal or natural persons in third countries, having regard, inter alia, to the risk for the preservation of human rights, peace, security and stability created by the transfer. Member States may, whilst complying with Community law, avail themselves of the possibility to request end-use assurances, including end-user certificates.
7. Member States shall determine the terms and conditions of transfer licences for components on the basis of an assessment of the sensitivity of the transfer according, inter alia, to the following criteria:
(a) the nature of the components in relation to the products in which they are to be incorporated and any end-use of the finished products which might give rise to concern;
(b) the significance of the components in relation to the products in which they are to be incorporated.
8. Except where they consider that the transfer of components is sensitive, Member States shall refrain from imposing any export limitations for components where the recipient provides a declaration of use in which it declares that the components subject to that transfer licence are integrated or are to be integrated into its own products and cannot at a later stage be transferred or exported as such, unless for the purposes of maintenance or repair.
9. Member States may withdraw, suspend or limit the use of transfer licences they have issued at any time for reasons of protection of their essential security interests, on grounds of public policy or public security, or as a result of non-compliance with the terms and conditions attached to the transfer licence.
Article 5
General transfer licences
1. Member States shall publish general transfer licences directly granting authorisation to suppliers established on their territory, which fulfil the terms and conditions attached to the general transfer licence, to perform transfers of defence-related products, to be specified in the general transfer licence, to a category or categories of recipients located in another Member State.
2. Without prejudice to Article 4(2), general transfer licences shall be published at least where:
(a) the recipient is part of the armed forces of a Member State or a contracting authority in the field of defence, purchasing for the exclusive use by the armed forces of a Member State;
(b) the recipient is an undertaking certified in accordance with Article 9;
(c) the transfer is made for the purposes of demonstration, evaluation or exhibition;
(d) the transfer is made for the purposes of maintenance and repair, if the recipient is the originating supplier of the defence-related products.
3. Member States participating in an intergovernmental cooperation programme concerning the development, production and use of one or more defence-related products may publish a general transfer licence for such transfers to other Member States which participate in that programme as are necessary for the execution of that programme.
4. Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Directive, Member States may lay down the conditions for registration prior to first use of a general transfer licence.
Article 6
Global transfer licences
1. Member States shall decide to grant global transfer licences to an individual supplier, at its request, authorising transfers of defence-related products to recipients in one or more other Member States.
2. Member States shall determine in each global transfer licence the defence-related products or categories of products covered by the global transfer licence and the authorised recipients or category of recipients.
A global transfer licence shall be granted for a period of three years, which may be renewed by the Member State.
Article 7
Individual transfer licences
Member States shall decide to grant individual transfer licences to an individual supplier at its request authorising one transfer of a specified quantity of specified defence-related products to be transmitted in one or several shipments to one recipient where:
(a) the request for a transfer licence is limited to one transfer;
(b) it is necessary for the protection of the essential security interests of the Member State or on grounds of public policy;
(c) it is necessary for compliance with international obligations and commitments of Member States; or
(d) a Member State has serious reason to believe that the supplier will not be able to comply with all the terms and conditions necessary to grant it a global transfer licence.
CHAPTER III
INFORMATION, CERTIFICATION AND EXPORT AFTER TRANSFER
Article 8
Information to be provided by suppliers
1. Member States shall ensure that suppliers of defence-related products inform recipients of the terms and conditions of the transfer licence, including limitations, relating to the end-use or export of the defence-related products.
2. Member States shall ensure that suppliers inform, within a reasonable time, the competent authorities of the Member State from whose territory they wish to transfer defence-related products of their intention to use a general transfer licence for the first time. Member States may determine the additional information that may be required regarding defence-related products transferred under a general transfer licence.
3. Member States shall ensure and regularly check that suppliers keep detailed and complete records of their transfers, in accordance with the legislation in force in that Member State, and shall determine the reporting requirements attached to the use of a general, global or individual transfer licence. Such records shall include commercial documents containing the following information:
(a) a description of the defence-related product and its reference under the Annex;
(b) the quantity and value of the defence-related product;
(c) the dates of transfer;
(d) the name and address of the supplier and of the recipient;
(e) where known, the end-use and end-user of the defence-related product; and
(f) proof that the information on an export limitation attached to a transfer licence has been transmitted to the recipient of the defence-related products.
4. Member States shall ensure that suppliers keep the records referred to in paragraph 3 for a period at least equal to that provided for in relevant national legislation relating to record-keeping requirements for economic operators in force in that Member State, and in any event for not less than three years from the end of the calendar year in which the transfer took place. They shall be provided at the request of the competent authorities of the Member State from whose territory the supplier transferred the defence-related products.
Article 9
Certification
1. Member States shall designate competent authorities to carry out the certification of recipients established on their territory of defence-related products under transfer licences published by other Member States in accordance with Article 5(2)(b).
2. The certification shall establish the reliability of the recipient undertaking, in particular as regards its capacity to observe export limitations of defence-related products received under a transfer licence from another Member State. Reliability shall be assessed according to the following criteria:
(a) proven experience in defence activities, taking into account in particular the undertaking’s record of compliance with export restrictions, any court decisions on this matter, any authorisation to produce or commercialise defence-related products and the employment of experienced management staff;
(b) relevant industrial activity in defence-related products within the Community, in particular capacity for system/sub-system integration;
(c) the appointment of a senior executive as the dedicated officer personally responsible for transfers and exports;
(d) a written commitment of the undertaking, signed by the senior executive referred to in point (c), that the undertaking will take all necessary steps to observe and enforce all specific conditions related to the end-use and export of any specific component or product received;
(e) a written commitment of the undertaking, signed by the senior executive referred to in point (c), to provide to the competent authorities, with due diligence, detailed information in response to requests and inquiries concerning the end-users or end-use of all products exported, transferred or received under a transfer licence from another Member State; and
(f) a description, countersigned by the senior executive referred to in point (c), of the internal compliance programme or transfer and export management system implemented in the undertaking. This description shall provide details of the organisational, human and technical resources allocated to the management of transfers and exports, the chain of responsibility within the undertaking, internal audit procedures, awareness-raising and staff training, physical and technical security arrangements, record-keeping and traceability of transfers and exports.
3. Certificates shall contain the following information:
(a) the competent authority issuing the certificate;
(b) the name and address of the recipient;
(c) a statement of the conformity of the recipient with the criteria referred to in paragraph 2; and
(d) the date of issue and period of validity of the certificate.
The period of validity of the certificate referred to in point (d) shall in any case not exceed five years.
4. Certificates may contain further conditions relating to the following:
(a) the provision of information required for the verification of compliance with the criteria referred to in paragraph 2;
(b) the suspension or revocation of the certificate.
5. Competent authorities shall monitor the compliance of the recipient with the criteria referred to in paragraph 2 at least every three years, and with any condition attached to the certificates referred to in paragraph 4.
6. Member States shall recognise any certificates issued in accordance with this Directive in another Member State.
7. If a competent authority finds that the holder of a certificate established on the territory of its Member State no longer satisfies the criteria referred to in paragraph 2 or any of the conditions referred to in paragraph 4, it shall take appropriate measures. Such measures may include revoking the certificate. The competent authority shall inform the Commission and the other Member States of its decision.
8. Member States shall publish and regularly update a list of certified recipients and inform the Commission, the European Parliament and the other Member States thereof.
The Commission shall make publicly available on its website a central register of recipients certified by Member States.
Article 10
Export limitations
Member States shall ensure that recipients of defence-related products, when applying for an export licence, declare to their competent authorities, in cases where such products received under a transfer licence from another Member State have export limitations attached to them, that they have complied with the terms of those limitations, including, as the case may be, by having obtained the required consent from the originating Member State.
CHAPTER IV
CUSTOMS PROCEDURES AND ADMINISTRATIVE COOPERATION
Article 11
Customs procedures
1. Member States shall ensure that, when completing the formalities for the export of defence-related products at the customs office responsible for handling the export declaration, the exporter furnishes proof that any necessary export licence has been obtained.
2. Without prejudice to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92 of 12 October 1992 establishing the Community Customs Code ( 10 ), a Member State may also, for a period not exceeding 30 working days, suspend the process of export from its territory of defence-related products received from another Member State under a transfer licence and incorporated in another defence-related product or, if necessary, prevent by other means such products from leaving the Community from its territory, where it considers that:
(a) relevant information was not taken into account when the export licence was granted; or
(b) circumstances have materially changed since the grant of the export licence.
3. Member States may provide that customs formalities for the export of defence-related products can be completed only at certain customs offices.
4. Member States availing themselves of the option set out in paragraph 3 shall inform the Commission of the relevant customs offices. The Commission shall publish that information in the C series of the Official Journal of the European Union.
Article 12
Exchange of information
Acting in liaison with the Commission, Member States shall take all appropriate measures to establish direct cooperation and exchange of information between their national competent authorities.
CHAPTER V
UPDATING OF THE LIST OF DEFENCE-RELATED PRODUCTS
Article 13
Adaptation of the Annex
1. The Commission shall update the list of defence-related products set out in the Annex, so that it strictly corresponds to the Common Military List of the European Union.
2. Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 14(2).
Article 14
Committee procedure
1. The Commission shall be assisted by a committee.
2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5a(1) to (4) and Article 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.
CHAPTER VI
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 15
Safeguard measures
1. Where a licensing Member State considers that there is a serious risk that a recipient certified in accordance with Article 9 in another Member State will not comply with a condition attached to a general transfer licence, or where a licensing Member State considers that public policy, public security or its essential security interests could be affected, it shall inform that other Member State and request verification of the situation.
2. Where the doubts referred to in paragraph 1 persist, the licensing Member State may provisionally suspend the effect of its general transfer licence with regard to such recipients. It shall inform the other Member States and the Commission of the reasons for that safeguard measure. The Member State which adopted that measure may decide to lift it where it considers that it is no longer justified.
Article 16
Penalties
Member States shall lay down rules on penalties applicable to infringements of the provisions adopted in implementation of this Directive, in particular in the event of false or incomplete information required under Article 8(1) or Article 10 being provided as regards compliance with export limitations attached to a transfer licence. The Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that those rules are implemented. The penalties provided for shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive.
Article 17
Review and reporting
1. By 30 June 2012, the Commission shall report on the measures taken by the Member States with a view to the transposition of this Directive, and in particular Articles 9 to 12 and Article 15 thereof.
2. By 30 June 2016, the Commission shall review the implementation of this Directive and report thereon to the European Parliament and the Council. It shall evaluate in particular whether, and to what extent, the objectives of this Directive have been achieved, with regard, inter alia, to the functioning of the internal market. In its report, the Commission shall review the application of Articles 9 to 12 and Article 15 of this Directive, and shall evaluate the impact of this Directive on the development of a European defence equipment market and a European defence technological and industrial base, having regard, inter alia, to the situation of small and medium-sized enterprises. If necessary, the report shall be accompanied by a legislative proposal.
Article 18
Transposition
1. Member States shall adopt and publish, no later than 30 June 2011, the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive. They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of those measures.
They shall apply those measures from 30 June 2012.
When Member States adopt those measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States.
2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
Article 19
Entry into force
This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Article 20
Addressees
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
ANNEX
List of Defence-related Products
Note 1: Terms in “quotations” are defined terms. Refer to ‘Definitions of Terms used in this List’ annexed to this List.
Note 2: In some instances chemicals are listed by name and CAS number. The list applies to chemicals of the same structural formula (including hydrates) regardless of name or CAS number. CAS numbers are shown to assist in identifying a particular chemical or mixture, irrespective of nomenclature. CAS numbers cannot be used as unique identifiers because some forms of the listed chemical have different CAS numbers, and mixtures containing a listed chemical may also have different CAS numbers.
ML1Smooth-bore weapons with a calibre of less than 20 mm, other arms and automatic weapons with a calibre of 12,7 mm (calibre 0,50 inches) or less and accessories, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:
Note ML1. does not apply to:
a. Firearms specially designed for dummy ammunition and which are incapable of discharging a projectile;
b. Firearms specially designed to launch tethered projectiles having no high explosive charge or communications link, to a range of less than or equal to 500 m.;
c. Weapons using non-centre fire cased ammunition and which are not of the fully automatic firing type.
a. Rifles and combination guns, handguns, machine, sub-machine and volley guns;
Note ML1.a. does not apply to the following:
a. Rifles and combination guns, manufactured earlier than 1938;
b. Reproductions of rifles and combination guns, the originals of which were manufactured earlier than 1890;
c. Handguns, volley guns and machine guns manufactured earlier than 1890, and their reproductions.
d. Rifles or handguns, specially designed to discharge an inert projectile by compressed air or CO2.
b. Smooth-bore weapons as follows:
1. Smooth-bore weapons specially designed for military use;
2. Other smooth-bore weapons as follows:
a. Fully automatic type weapons;
b. Semi-automatic or pump-action type weapons;
Note ML1.b.2. does not apply to weapons specially designed to discharge an inert projectile by compressed air or CO2.
Note ML1.b. does not apply to the following:
a. Smooth-bore weapons manufactured earlier than 1938;
b. Reproductions of smooth-bore weapons, the originals of which were manufactured earlier than 1890;
c. Smooth-bore weapons used for hunting or sporting purposes. These weapons must not be specially designed for military use or of the fully automatic firing type;
d. Smooth-bore weapons specially designed for any of the following:
1. Slaughtering of domestic animals;
2. Tranquilizing of animals;
3. Seismic testing;
4. Firing of industrial projectiles; or
5. Disrupting Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs).
N.B. For disruptors, see ML4. and entry 1A006 on the EU Dual-Use List.
c. Weapons using caseless ammunition;
d. Detachable cartridge magazines, sound suppressors or moderators, special gun-mountings, optical weapons sights and flash suppressors, for arms specified by ML1.a., ML1.b. or ML1.c.
Note ML1.d. does not apply to optical weapon sights without electronic image processing, with a magnification of 9 times or less, provided they are not specially designed or modified for military use, or incorporate any reticles specially designed for military use.
ML2Smooth-bore weapons with a calibre of 20 mm or more, other weapons or armament with a calibre greater than 12,7 mm (calibre 0,50 inches), projectors and accessories, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:
a. Guns, howitzers, cannon, mortars, anti-tank weapons, projectile launchers, military flame throwers, rifles, recoilless rifles, smooth-bore weapons and signature reduction devices therefor;
Note 1 ML2.a. includes injectors, metering devices, storage tanks and other specially designed components for use with liquid propelling charges for any of the equipment specified by ML2.a.
Note 2 ML2.a. does not apply to weapons as follows:
a. Rifles, smooth-bore weapons and combination guns, manufactured earlier than 1938;
b. Reproductions of rifles, smooth-bore weapons and combination guns, the originals of which were manufactured earlier than 1890;
c. Guns, howitzers, cannons and mortars, manufactured earlier than 1890;
d. Smooth-bore weapons used for hunting or sporting purposes. These weapons must not be specially designed for military use or of the fully automatic firing type;
e. Smooth-bore weapons specially designed for any of the following:
1. Slaughtering of domestic animals;
2. Tranquilizing of animals;
3. Seismic testing;
4. Firing of industrial projectiles; or
5. Disrupting Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs);
N.B For disruptors, see ML4. and entry 1A006 on the EU Dual-Use List.
f. Hand-held projectile launchers specially designed to launch tethered projectiles having no high explosive charge or communications link, to a range of less than or equal to 500 m.
b. Smoke, gas and pyrotechnic projectors or generators, specially designed or modified for military use;
Note ML2.b. does not apply to signal pistols.
c. Weapons sights and weapon sight mounts, having all of the following:
1. Specially designed for military use; and
2. Specially designed for weapons specified in ML2.a.;
d. Mountings and detachable cartridge magazines, specially designed for the weapons specified in ML2.a.
ML3Ammunition and fuze setting devices, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:
a. Ammunition for weapons specified by ML1, ML2 or ML12;
b. Fuze setting devices specially designed for ammunition specified by ML3.a.
Note 1 Specially designed components specified by ML3 include:
a. Metal or plastic fabrications such as primer anvils, bullet cups, cartridge links, rotating bands and munitions metal parts;
b. Safing and arming devices, fuzes, sensors and initiation devices;
c. Power supplies with high one-time operational output;
d. Combustible cases for charges;
e. Submunitions including bomblets, minelets and terminally guided projectiles.
Note 2 ML3.a. does not apply to any of the following:
a. Ammunition crimped without a projectile (blank star);
b. Dummy ammunition with a pierced powder chamber;
c. Other blank and dummy ammunition, not incorporating components designed for live ammunition; or
d. Components specially designed for blank or dummy ammunition, specified in this Note 2.a., b. or c.
Note 3 ML3.a. does not apply to cartridges specially designed for any of the following purposes:
a. Signalling;
b. Bird scaring; or
c. Lighting of gas flares at oil wells.
ML4Bombs, torpedoes, rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges and related equipment and accessories, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:
N.B.1: For guidance and navigation equipment, see ML11.
N.B.2: For Aircraft Missile Protection Systems (AMPS), see ML4.c.
a. Bombs, torpedoes, grenades, smoke canisters, rockets, mines, missiles, depth charges, demolition-charges, demolition-devices, demolition-kits, “pyrotechnic” devices, cartridges and simulators (i.e. equipment simulating the characteristics of any of these items), specially designed for military use;
Note ML4.a. includes:
a. Smoke grenades, fire bombs, incendiary bombs and explosive devices;
b. Missile rocket nozzles and re-entry vehicle nosetips.
b. Equipment having all of the following:
1. Specially designed for military use; and
2. Specially designed for ‘activities’ relating to any of the following:
a. Items specified by ML4.a.; or
b. Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs).
Technical Note:
For the purpose of ML4.b.2. ‘activities’ applies to handling, launching, laying, controlling, discharging, detonating, activating, powering with one-time operational output, decoying, jamming, sweeping, detecting, disrupting or disposing.
Note 1 ML4.b. includes:
a. Mobile gas liquefying equipment capable of producing 1 000 kg or more per day of gas in liquid form;
b. Buoyant electric conducting cable suitable for sweeping magnetic mines.
Note 2 ML4.b. does not apply to hand-held devices, limited by design solely to the detection of metal objects and incapable of distinguishing between mines and other metal objects.
c. Aircraft Missile Protection Systems (AMPS).
Note ML4.c. does not apply to AMPS having all of the following:
a. Any of the following missile warning sensors:
1. Passive sensors having peak response between 100-400 nm; or
2. Active pulsed Doppler missile warning sensors;
b. Countermeasures dispensing systems;
c. Flares, which exhibit both a visible signature and an infrared signature, for decoying surface-to-air missiles; and
d. Installed on “civil aircraft” and having all of the following:
1. The AMPS is only operable in a specific “civil aircraft” in which the specific AMPS is installed and for which any of the following has been issued:
a. A civil Type Certificate; or
b. An equivalent document recognised by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO);
2. The AMPS employs protection to prevent unauthorised access to “software”; and
3. The AMPS incorporates an active mechanism that forces the system not to function when it is removed from the “civil aircraft” in which it was installed.
ML5Fire control, and related alerting and warning equipment, and related systems, test and alignment and countermeasure equipment, as follows, specially designed for military use, and specially designed components and accessories therefor:
a. Weapon sights, bombing computers, gun laying equipment and weapon control systems;
b. Target acquisition, designation, range-finding, surveillance or tracking systems; detection, data fusion, recognition or identification equipment; and sensor integration equipment;
c. Countermeasure equipment for items specified by ML5.a. or ML5.b.;
Note For the purposes of ML5.c., countermeasure equipment includes detection equipment.
d. Field test or alignment equipment, specially designed for items specified by ML5.a., ML5.b. or ML5.c.
ML6Ground vehicles and components, as follows:
N.B. For guidance and navigation equipment, see ML11.
a. Ground vehicles and components therefor, specially designed or modified for military use;
Technical Note
For the purposes of ML6.a. the term ground vehicles includes trailers.
b. Other ground vehicles and components, as follows:
1. Vehicles having all of the following:
a. Manufactured or fitted with materials or components to provide ballistic protection to level III (NIJ 0108.01, September 1985, or comparable national standard) or better;
b. A transmission to provide drive to both front and rear wheels simultaneously, including those vehicles having additional wheels for load bearing purposes whether driven or not;
c. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) greater than 4 500 kg; and
d. Designed or modified for off-road use;
2. Components having all of the following:
a. Specially designed for vehicles specified in ML6.b.1.; and
b. Providing ballistic protection to level III (NIJ 0108.01, September 1985, or comparable national standard) or better.
N.B. See also ML13.a.
Note 1 ML6.a. includes:
a. Tanks and other military armed vehicles and military vehicles fitted with mountings for arms or equipment for mine laying or the launching of munitions specified by ML4;
b. Armoured vehicles;
c. Amphibious and deep water fording vehicles;
d. Recovery vehicles and vehicles for towing or transporting ammunition or weapon systems and associated load handling equipment.
Note 2 Modification of a ground vehicle for military use specified by ML6.a. entails a structural, electrical or mechanical change involving one or more components that are specially designed for military use. Such components include:
a. Pneumatic tyre casings of a kind specially designed to be bullet-proof;
b. Armoured protection of vital parts, (e.g. fuel tanks or vehicle cabs);
c. Special reinforcements or mountings for weapons;
d. Black-out lighting.
Note 3 ML6 does not apply to civil vehicles designed or modified for transporting money or valuables.
Note 4 ML6. does not apply to vehicles that meet all of the following;
a. Were manufactured before 1946;
b. Do not have items specified by the EU Common Military List and manufactured after 1945, except for reproductions of original components or accessories for the vehicle; and
c. Do not incorporate weapons specified in ML1., ML2. or ML4. unless they are inoperable and incapable of discharging a projectile.
ML7Chemical or biological toxic agents, “riot control agents”, radioactive materials, related equipment, components and materials, as follows:
a. Biological agents or radioactive materials, “adapted for use in war” to produce casualties in humans or animals, degrade equipment or damage crops or the environment;
b. Chemical warfare (CW) agents, including:
1. CW nerve agents:
a. O-Alkyl (equal to or less than C10, including cycloalkyl) alkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl or Isopropyl) -phosphonofluoridates, such as:
Sarin (GB): O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (CAS 107-44-8); and
Soman (GD): O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (CAS 96-64-0);
b. O-Alkyl (equal to or less than C10, including cycloalkyl) N,N-dialkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl or Isopropyl) phosphoramidocyanidates, such as:
Tabun (GA):O-Ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate (CAS 77-81-6);
c. O-Alkyl (H or equal to or less than C10, including cycloalkyl) S-2-dialkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl or Isopropyl)-aminoethyl alkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl or Isopropyl) phosphonothiolates and corresponding alkylated and protonated salts, such as:
VX: O-Ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methyl phosphonothiolate (CAS 50782-69-9);
2. CW vesicant agents:
a. Sulphur mustards, such as:
1. 2-Chloroethylchloromethylsulphide (CAS 2625-76-5);
2. Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulphide (CAS 505-60-2);
3. Bis(2-chloroethylthio) methane (CAS 63869-13-6);
4. 1,2-bis (2-chloroethylthio) ethane (CAS 3563-36-8);
5. 1,3-bis (2-chloroethylthio)-n-propane (CAS 63905-10-2);
6. 1,4-bis (2-chloroethylthio)-n-butane (CAS 142868-93-7);
7. 1,5-bis (2-chloroethylthio)-n-pentane (CAS 142868-94-8);
8. Bis (2-chloroethylthiomethyl) ether (CAS 63918-90-1);
9. Bis (2-chloroethylthioethyl) ether (CAS 63918-89-8);
b. Lewisites, such as:
1. 2-chlorovinyldichloroarsine (CAS 541-25-3);
2. Tris (2-chlorovinyl) arsine (CAS 40334-70-1);
3. Bis (2-chlorovinyl) chloroarsine (CAS 40334-69-8);
c. Nitrogen mustards, such as:
1. HN1: bis (2-chloroethyl) ethylamine (CAS 538-07-8);
2. HN2: bis (2-chloroethyl) methylamine (CAS 51-75-2);
3. HN3: tris (2-chloroethyl) amine (CAS 555-77-1);
3. CW incapacitating agents, such as:
a. 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ) (CAS 6581-06-2);
4. CW defoliants, such as:
a. Butyl 2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxyacetate (LNF);
b. 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (CAS 93-76-5) mixed with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (CAS 94-75-7) (Agent Orange (CAS 39277-47-9));
c. CW binary precursors and key precursors, as follows:
1. Alkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl or Isopropyl) Phosphonyl Difluorides, such as:
DF: Methyl Phosphonyldifluoride (CAS 676-99-3);
2. O-Alkyl (H or equal to or less than C10, including cycloalkyl) O-2-dialkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl or Isopropyl)-aminoethyl alkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl or Isopropyl) phosphonites and corresponding alkylated and protonated salts, such as:
QL: O-Ethyl O-2-di-isopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonite (CAS 57856-11-8);
3. Chlorosarin: O-Isopropyl methylphosphonochloridate (CAS 1445-76-7);
4. Chlorosoman: O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonochloridate (CAS 7040-57-5);
d. “Riot control agents”, active constituent chemicals and combinations thereof, including:
1. α-Bromobenzeneacetonitrile, (Bromobenzyl cyanide) (CA) (CAS 5798-79-8);
2. [(2-chlorophenyl) methylene] propanedinitrile, (o-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) (CAS 2698-41-1);
3. 2-Chloro-1-phenylethanone, Phenylacyl chloride (ω-chloroacetophenone) (CN) (CAS 532-27-4);
4. Dibenz-(b,f)-1,4-oxazephine, (CR) (CAS 257-07-8);
5. 10-Chloro-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine, (Phenarsazine chloride), (Adamsite), (DM) (CAS 578-94-9);
6. N-Nonanoylmorpholine, (MPA) (CAS 5299-64-9);
Note 1 ML7.d. does not apply to “riot control agents” individually packaged for personal self-defence purposes.
Note 2 ML7.d. does not apply to active constituent chemicals, and combinations thereof, identified and packaged for food production or medical purposes.
e. Equipment specially designed or modified for military use, designed or modified for the dissemination of any of the following, and specially designed components therefor:
1. Materials or agents specified by ML7.a., ML7.b. or ML7.d.; or
2. CW agents made up of precursors specified by ML7.c.
f. Protective and decontamination equipment, specially designed or modified for military use, components and chemical mixtures, as follows:
1. Equipment designed or modified for defence against materials specified by ML7.a., ML7.b. or ML7.d., and specially designed components therefor;
2. Equipment designed or modified for decontamination of objects contaminated with materials specified by ML7.a. or ML7.b. and specially designed components therefor;
3. Chemical mixtures specially developed or formulated for the decontamination of objects contaminated with materials specified by ML7.a. or ML7.b.;
Note ML7.f.1. includes:
a. Air conditioning units specially designed or modified for nuclear, biological or chemical filtration;
b. Protective clothing.
N.B. For civil gas masks, protective and decontamination equipment, see also entry 1A004 on the EU Dual-Use List.
g. Equipment specially designed or modified for military use designed or modified for the detection or identification of materials specified by ML7.a., ML7.b. or ML7.d., and specially designed components therefor;
Note ML7.g. does not apply to personal radiation monitoring dosimeters.
N.B. See also entry 1A004 on the EU Dual-Use List.
h. “Biopolymers” specially designed or processed for the detection or identification of CW agents specified by ML7.b., and the cultures of specific cells used to produce them;
i. “Biocatalysts” for the decontamination or degradation of CW agents, and biological systems therefor, as follows:
1. “Biocatalysts” specially designed for the decontamination or degradation of CW agents specified by ML7.b., and resulting from directed laboratory selection or genetic manipulation of biological systems;
2. Biological systems containing the genetic information specific to the production of “biocatalysts” specified by ML7.i.1., as follows:
a. “Expression vectors”;
b. Viruses;
c. Cultures of cells.
Note 1 ML7.b. and ML7.d. do not apply to the following:
a. Cyanogen chloride (CAS 506-77-4). See entry 1C450.a.5. on the EU Dual-Use List;
b. Hydrocyanic acid (CAS 74-90-8);
c. Chlorine (CAS 7782-50-5);
d. Carbonyl chloride (phosgene) (CAS 75-44-5). See entry 1C450.a.4. on the EU Dual-Use List;
e. Diphosgene (trichloromethyl-chloroformate) (CAS 503-38-8);
f. Not used since 2004;
g. Xylyl bromide, ortho: (CAS 89-92-9), meta: (CAS 620-13-3), para: (CAS 104-81-4);
h. Benzyl bromide (CAS 100-39-0);
i. Benzyl iodide (CAS 620-05-3);
j. Bromo acetone (CAS 598-31-2);
k. Cyanogen bromide (CAS 506-68-3);
l. Bromo methylethylketone (CAS 816-40-0);
m. Chloro acetone (CAS 78-95-5);
n. Ethyl iodoacetate (CAS 623-48-3);
o. Iodo acetone (CAS 3019-04-3);
p. Chloropicrin (CAS 76-06-2). See entry 1C450.a.7. on the EU Dual-Use List.
Note 2 The cultures of cells and biological systems specified by ML7.h. and ML7.i.2. are exclusive and these sub-items do not apply to cells or biological systems for civil purposes, such as agricultural, pharmaceutical, medical, veterinary, environmental, waste management, or in the food industry.
ML8“Energetic materials”, and related substances, as follows:
N.B.1. See also entry 1C011 on the EU Dual-Use List.
N.B.2. For charges and devices, see ML4 and entry 1A008 on the EU Dual-Use List.
Technical Notes
1. For the purposes of ML8, mixture refers to a composition of two or more substances with at least one substance being listed in the ML8 sub-items.
2. Any substance listed in the ML8 sub-items is subject to this list, even when utilised in an application other than that indicated. (e.g., TAGN is predominantly used as an explosive but can also be used either as a fuel or an oxidizer.)
3. For the purposes of ML8., particle size is the mean particle diameter on a weight or volume basis. International or equivalent national standards will be used in sampling and determining particle size.
a. “Explosives” as follows, and mixtures thereof:
1. ADNBF (aminodinitrobenzofuroxan or 7-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofurazane-1-oxide) (CAS 97096-78-1);
2. BNCP (cis-bis (5-nitrotetrazolato) tetra amine-cobalt (III) perchlorate) (CAS 117412-28-9);
3. CL-14 (diamino dinitrobenzofuroxan or 5,7-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzofurazane-1-oxide) (CAS 117907-74-1);
4. CL-20 (HNIW or Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) (CAS 135285-90-4); chlathrates of CL-20 (see also ML8.g.3. and g.4. for its “precursors”);
5. CP (2-(5-cyanotetrazolato) penta amine-cobalt (III) perchlorate) (CAS 70247-32-4);
6. DADE (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene, FOX7) (CAS 145250-81-3);
7. DATB (diaminotrinitrobenzene) (CAS 1630-08-6);
8. DDFP (1,4-dinitrodifurazanopiperazine);
9. DDPO (2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide, PZO) (CAS 194486-77-6);
10. DIPAM (3,3′-diamino-2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrobiphenyl or dipicramide) (CAS 17215-44-0);
11. DNGU (DINGU or dinitroglycoluril) (CAS 55510-04-8);
12. Furazans as follows:
a. DAAOF (DAAF, DAAFox, or diaminoazoxyfurazan);
b. DAAzF (diaminoazofurazan) (CAS 78644-90-3);
13. HMX and derivatives (see also ML8.g.5. for its “precursors”), as follows:
a. HMX (Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazine, 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraza-cyclooctane, octogen or octogene) (CAS 2691-41-0);
b. difluoroaminated analogs of HMX;
c. K-55 (2,4,6,8-tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo [3,3,0]-octanone-3, tetranitrosemiglycouril or keto-bicyclic HMX) (CAS 130256-72-3);
14. HNAD (hexanitroadamantane) (CAS 143850-71-9);
15. HNS (hexanitrostilbene) (CAS 20062-22-0);
16. Imidazoles as follows:
a. BNNII (Octahydro-2,5-bis(nitroimino)imidazo [4,5-d]imidazole);
b. DNI (2,4-dinitroimidazole) (CAS 5213-49-0);
c. FDIA (1-fluoro-2,4-dinitroimidazole);
d. NTDNIA (N-(2-nitrotriazolo)-2,4-dinitroimidazole);
e. PTIA (1-picryl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole);
17. NTNMH (1-(2-nitrotriazolo)-2-dinitromethylene hydrazine);
18. NTO (ONTA or 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one) (CAS 932-64-9);
19. Polynitrocubanes with more than four nitro groups;
20. PYX (2,6-Bis(picrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine) (CAS 38082-89-2);
21. RDX and derivatives, as follows:
a. RDX (cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, cyclonite, T4, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triaza-cyclohexane, hexogen or hexogene) (CAS 121-82-4);
b. Keto-RDX (K-6 or 2,4,6-trinitro-2,4,6-triazacyclohexanone) (CAS 115029-35-1);
22. TAGN (triaminoguanidinenitrate) (CAS 4000-16-2);
23. TATB (triaminotrinitrobenzene) (CAS 3058-38-6) (see also ML8.g.7 for its “precursors”);
24. TEDDZ (3,3,7,7-tetrabis(difluoroamine) octahydro-1,5-dinitro-1,5-diazocine);
25. Tetrazoles as follows:
a. NTAT (nitrotriazol aminotetrazole);
b. NTNT (1-N-(2-nitrotriazolo)-4-nitrotetrazole);
26. Tetryl (trinitrophenylmethylnitramine) (CAS 479-45-8);
27. TNAD (1,4,5,8-tetranitro-1,4,5,8-tetraazadecalin) (CAS 135877-16-6) (see also ML8.g.6. for its “precursors”);
28. TNAZ (1,3,3-trinitroazetidine) (CAS 97645-24-4) (see also ML8.g.2. for its “precursors”);
29. TNGU (SORGUYL or tetranitroglycoluril) (CAS 55510-03-7);
30. TNP (1,4,5,8-tetranitro-pyridazino[4,5-d]pyridazine) (CAS 229176-04-9);
31. Triazines as follows:
a. DNAM (2-oxy-4,6-dinitroamino-s-triazine) (CAS 19899-80-0);
b. NNHT (2-nitroimino-5-nitro-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine) (CAS 130400-13-4);
32. Triazoles as follows:
a. 5-azido-2-nitrotriazole;
b. ADHTDN (4-amino-3,5-dihydrazino-1,2,4-triazole dinitramide) (CAS 1614-08-0);
c. ADNT (1-amino-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole);
d. BDNTA ([bis-dinitrotriazole]amine);
e. DBT (3,3′-dinitro-5,5-bi-1,2,4-triazole) (CAS 30003-46-4);
f. DNBT (dinitrobistriazole) (CAS 70890-46-9);
g. Not used since 2010;
h. NTDNT (1-N-(2-nitrotriazolo) 3,5-dinitrotriazole);
i. PDNT (1-picryl-3,5-dinitrotriazole);
j. TACOT (tetranitrobenzotriazolobenzotriazole) (CAS 25243-36-1);
33. Explosives not listed elsewhere in ML8.a. and having any of the following:
a. Detonation velocity exceeding 8,700 m/s, at maximum density, or
b. Detonation pressure exceeding 34 GPa (340 kbar);
34. Not used since 2013
35. DNAN (2,4-dinitroanisole) (CAS 119-27-7);
36. TEX (4,10-Dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazaisowurtzitane)
37. GUDN (Guanylurea dinitramide) FOX-12 (CAS 217464-38-5)
38. Tetrazines as follows:
a. BTAT (Bis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)-3,6-diaminotetrazine);
b. LAX-112 (3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-1,4-dioxide);
39. Energetic ionic materials melting between 343 K (70 °C) and 373 K (100 °C) and with detonation velocity exceeding 6 800 m/s or detonation pressure exceeding 18 GPa (180 kbar);
b. “Propellants” as follows:
1. Any solid “propellant” with a theoretical specific impulse (under standard conditions) of more than:
a. 240 seconds for non-metallized, non-halogenized “propellant”;
b. 250 seconds for non-metallized, halogenized “propellant”; or
c. 260 seconds for metallized “propellant”;
2. Not used since 2013
3. “Propellants” having a force constant of more than 1 200 kJ/kg;
4. “Propellants” that can sustain a steady-state linear burning rate of more than 38 mm/s under standard conditions (as measured in the form of an inhibited single strand) of 6,89 MPa (68,9 bar) pressure and 294 K (21 °C);
5. Elastomer Modified Cast Double Base (EMCDB) “propellants” with extensibility at maximum stress of more than 5 % at 233 K (– 40 °C);
6. Any “propellant” containing substances specified by ML8.a.
7. “Propellants”, not specified elsewhere in the EU Common Military List, specially designed for military use;
c. “Pyrotechnics”, fuels and related substances, as follows, and mixtures thereof:
1. Aircraft fuels specially formulated for military purposes;
Note Aircraft fuels specified by ML8.c.1. are finished products, not their constituents.
2. Alane (aluminium hydride) (CAS 7784-21-6);
3. Carboranes; decaborane (CAS 17702-41-9); pentaboranes (CAS 19624-22-7 and 18433-84-6) and their derivatives;
4. Hydrazine and derivatives, as follows (see also ML8.d.8. and d.9. for oxidising hydrazine derivatives):
a. Hydrazine (CAS 302-01-2) in concentrations of 70 % or more;
b. Monomethyl hydrazine (CAS 60-34-4);
c. Symmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (CAS 540-73-8);
d. Unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (CAS 57-14-7);
Note ML8.c.4.a. does not apply to hydrazine ‘mixtures’ specially formulated for corrosion control.
5. Metal fuels, fuel mixtures or “pyrotechnic” mixtures, in particle form whether spherical, atomised, spheroidal, flaked or ground, manufactured from material consisting of 99 % or more of any of the following:
a. Metals, as follows, and mixtures thereof:
1. Beryllium (CAS 7440-41-7) in particle sizes of less than 60 μm;
2. Iron powder (CAS 7439-89-6) with particle size of 3 μm or less produced by reduction of iron oxide with hydrogen;
b. Mixtures containing any of the following:
1. Zirconium (CAS 7440-67-7), magnesium (CAS 7439-95-4) or alloys of these in particle sizes of less than 60 μm; or
2. Boron (CAS 7440-42-8) or boron carbide (CAS 12069-32-8) fuels of 85 % purity or higher and particle sizes of less than 60 μm;
Note 1 ML8.c.5 applies to explosives and fuels, whether or not the metals or alloys are encapsulated in aluminium, magnesium, zirconium, or beryllium.
Note 2 ML8.c.5.b. only applies to metal fuels in particle form when they are mixed with other substances to form a mixture formulated for military purposes such as liquid propellant slurries, solid propellants, or pyrotechnic mixtures.
Note 3 ML8.c.5.b.2. does not apply to boron and boron carbide enriched with boron-10 (20 % or more of total boron-10 content.)
6. Military materials, containing thickeners for hydrocarbon fuels, specially formulated for use in flame throwers or incendiary munitions, such as metal stearates(e.g., octal (CAS 637-12-7)) orpalmitates;
7. Perchlorates, chlorates and chromates, composited with powdered metal or other high energy fuel components;
8. Spherical or spheroidal aluminium powder (CAS 7429-90-5) with a particle size of 60 μm or less and manufactured from material with an aluminium content of 99 % or more;
9. Titanium subhydride (TiHn) of stoichiometry equivalent to n = 0,65-1,68;
10. Liquid high energy density fuels not specified in ML8.c.1., as follows:
a. Mixed fuels, that incorporate both solid and liquid fuels (e.g., boron slurry), having a mass-based energy density of 40 MJ/kg or greater;
b. Other high energy density fuels and fuel additives (e.g., cubane, ionic solutions, JP-7, JP-10), having a volume-based energy density of 37,5 GJ per cubic meter or greater, measured at 293 K (20 °C) and one atmosphere (101,325 kPa) pressure;
Note ML8.c.10.b. does not apply to JP-4, JP-8, fossil refined fuels or biofuels, or fuels for engines certified for use in civil aviation.
11. “Pyrotechnic” and pyrophoric materials, as follows:
a. “Pyrotechnic” or pyrophoric materials specifically formulated to enhance or control the production of radiated energy in any part of the IR spectrum;
b. Mixtures of magnesium, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and a vinylidene difluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (e.g., MTV);
12. Fuel mixtures, “pyrotechnic” mixtures or “energetic materials”, not specified elsewhere in ML8, having all of the following:
a. Containing greater than 0,5 % of particles of any of the following:
1. Aluminium;
2. Beryllium;
3. Boron;
4. Zirconium;
5. Magnesium; or
6. Titanium;
b. Particles specified by ML8.c.12.a. with a size less than 200 nm in any direction; and
c. Particles specified by ML8.c.12.a. with a metal content of 60 % or greater;
d. Oxidizers, as follows, and mixtures thereof:
1. ADN (ammonium dinitramide or SR 12) (CAS 140456-78-6);
2. AP (ammonium perchlorate) (CAS 7790-98-9);
3 Compounds composed of fluorine and any of the following:
a. Other halogens;
b. Oxygen; or
c. Nitrogen;
Note 1 ML8.d.3. does not apply to chlorine trifluoride (CAS 7790-91-2).
Note 2 ML8.d.3 does not apply to nitrogen trifluoride (CAS 7783-54-2) in its gaseous state.
4. DNAD (1,3-dinitro-1,3-diazetidine) (CAS 78246-06-7);
5. HAN (hydroxylammonium nitrate) (CAS 13465-08-2);
6. HAP (hydroxylammonium perchlorate) (CAS 15588-62-2);
7. HNF (hydrazinium nitroformate) (CAS 20773-28-8);
8. Hydrazine nitrate (CAS 37836-27-4);
9. Hydrazine perchlorate (CAS 27978-54-7);
10. Liquid oxidisers comprised of or containing inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA) (CAS 8007-58-7);
Note ML8.d.10 does not apply to non-inhibited fuming nitric acid.
e. Binders, plasticisers, monomers and polymers, as follows:
1. AMMO (azidomethylmethyloxetane and its polymers) (CAS 90683-29-7) (see also ML8.g.1. for its “precursors”);
2. BAMO (bisazidomethyloxetane and its polymers) (CAS 17607-20-4) (see also ML8.g.1. for its “precursors”);
3. BDNPA (bis (2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal) (CAS 5108-69-0);
4. BDNPF (bis (2,2-dinitropropyl)formal) (CAS 5917-61-3);
5. BTTN (butanetrioltrinitrate) (CAS 6659-60-5) (see also ML8.g.8. for its “precursors”);
6. Energetic monomers, plasticizers or polymers, specially formulated for military use and containing any of the following;
a. Nitro groups;
b. Azido groups;
c. Nitrate groups;
d. Nitrataza groups; or
e. Difluoroamino groups;
7. FAMAO (3-difluoroaminomethyl-3-azidomethyl oxetane) and its polymers;
8. FEFO (bis-(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl) formal) (CAS 17003-79-1);
9. FPF-1 (poly-2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoropentane-1,5-diol formal) (CAS 376-90-9);
10. FPF-3 (poly-2,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-tri-fluoromethyl-3-oxaheptane-1,7-diol formal);
11. GAP (glycidylazide polymer) (CAS 143178-24-9) and its derivatives;
12. HTPB (hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene) with a hydroxyl functionality equal to or greater than 2,2 and less than or equal to 2,4, a hydroxyl value of less than 0,77 meq/g, and a viscosity at 30 °C of less than 47 poise (CAS 69102-90-5);
13. Alcohol functionalised poly(epichlorohydrin) with a molecular weight less than 10 000 , as follows:
a. Poly(epichlorohydrindiol);
b. Poly(epichlorohydrintriol)
14. NENAs (nitratoethylnitramine compounds) (CAS 17096-47-8, 85068-73-1, 82486-83-7, 82486-82-6 and 85954-06-9);
15. PGN (poly-GLYN, polyglycidylnitrate or poly(nitratomethyl oxirane)) (CAS 27814-48-8);
16. Poly-NIMMO (poly nitratomethylmethyloxetane), poly-NMMO or poly(3-Nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane) (CAS 84051-81-0);
17. Polynitroorthocarbonates;
18. TVOPA (1,2,3-tris[1,2-bis(difluoroamino)ethoxy] propane or tris vinoxy propane adduct) (CAS 53159-39-0);
19. 4,5 diazidomethyl-2-methyl-1,2,3-triazole (iso- DAMTR);
20. PNO (Poly(3-nitrato oxetane));
f. “Additives” as follows:
1. Basic copper salicylate (CAS 62320-94-9);
2. BHEGA (bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) glycolamide) (CAS 17409-41-5);
3. BNO (butadienenitrileoxide);
4. Ferrocene derivatives as follows:
a. Butacene (CAS 125856-62-4);
b. Catocene (2,2-bis-ethylferrocenyl propane) (CAS 37206-42-1);
c. Ferrocene carboxylic acids and ferrocene carboxylic acid esters;
d. n-butyl-ferrocene (CAS 31904-29-7);
e. Other adducted polymer ferrocene derivatives not specified elsewhere in ML8.f.4.;
f. Ethyl ferrocene (CAS 1273-89-8);
g. Propyl ferrocene;
h. Pentyl ferrocene (CAS 1274-00-6);
i. Dicyclopentyl ferrocene;
j. Dicyclohexyl ferrocene;
k. Diethyl ferrocene (CAS 1273-97-8);
l. Dipropyl ferrocene;
m. Dibutyl ferrocene (CAS 1274-08-4);
n. Dihexyl ferrocene (CAS 93894-59-8);
o. Acetyl ferrocene (CAS 1271-55-2)/1,1′-diacetyl ferrocene (CAS 1273-94-5);
5. Lead beta-resorcylate (CAS 20936-32-7);
6. Lead citrate (CAS 14450-60-3);
7. Lead-copper chelates of beta-resorcylate or salicylates (CAS 68411-07-4);
8. Lead maleate (CAS 19136-34-6);
9. Lead salicylate (CAS 15748-73-9);
10. Lead stannate (CAS 12036-31-6);
11. MAPO (tris-1-(2-methyl)aziridinyl phosphine oxide) (CAS 57-39-6); BOBBA 8 (bis(2-methyl aziridinyl) 2-(2-hydroxypropanoxy) propylamino phosphine oxide); and other MAPO derivatives;
12. Methyl BAPO (bis(2-methyl aziridinyl) methylamino phosphine oxide) (CAS 85068-72-0);
13. N-methyl-p-nitroaniline (CAS 100-15-2);
14. 3-Nitraza-1,5-pentane diisocyanate (CAS 7406-61-9);
15. Organo-metallic coupling agents as follows:
a. Neopentyl[diallyl]oxy, tri[dioctyl]phosphato-titanate (CAS 103850-22-2); also known as titanium IV, 2,2[bis 2-propenolato-methyl, butanolato, tris (dioctyl) phosphato] (CAS 110438-25-0); or LICA 12 (CAS 103850-22-2);
b. Titanium IV, [(2-propenolato-1) methyl, n-propanolatomethyl] butanolato-1, tris[dioctyl] pyrophosphate or KR3538;
c. Titanium IV, [(2-propenolato-1)methyl, n-propanolatomethyl] butanolato-1, tris(dioctyl)phosphate;
16. Polycyanodifluoroaminoethyleneoxide;
17. Bonding agents as follows:
a. 1,1R,1S-trimesoyl-tris(2-ethylaziridine) (HX-868, BITA) (CAS 7722-73-8);
b. Polyfunctional aziridine amides with isophthalic, trimesic, isocyanuric or trimethyladipic backbone also having a 2-methyl or 2-ethyl aziridine group;
Note Item ML.8.f.17.b. includes:
a. 1,1H-Isophthaloyl-bis(2-methylaziridine)(HX-752) (CAS 7652-64-4);
b. 2,4,6-tris(2-ethyl-1-aziridinyl)-1,3,5-triazine (HX-874) (CAS 18924-91-9);
c. 1,1′-trimethyladipoyl-bis(2-ethylaziridine) (HX-877)(CAS 71463-62-2).
18. Propyleneimine (2-methylaziridine) (CAS 75-55-8);
19. Superfine iron oxide (Fe2O3) (CAS 1317-60-8) with a specific surface area more than 250 m2/g and an average particle size of 3,0 nm or less;
20. TEPAN (tetraethylenepentaamineacrylonitrile) (CAS 68412-45-3); cyanoethylated polyamines and their salts;
21. TEPANOL (tetraethylenepentaamineacrylonitrileglycidol) (CAS 68412-46-4); cyanoethylated polyamines adducted with glycidol and their salts;
22. TPB (triphenyl bismuth) (CAS 603-33-8);
23. TEPB (Tris (ethoxyphenyl) bismuth) (CAS 90591-48-3);
g. “Precursors” as follows:
N.B In ML8.g. the references are to specified “Energetic Materials” manufactured from these substances.
1. BCMO (bischloromethyloxetane) (CAS 142173-26-0) (see also ML8.e.1. and e.2.);
2. Dinitroazetidine-t-butyl salt (CAS 125735-38-8) (see also ML8.a.28.);
3. Hexaazaisowurtzitane derivates including HBIW (hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane) (CAS 124782-15-6) (see also ML8.a.4.) and TAIW (tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane) (CAS 182763-60-6) (see also ML8.a.4.);
4. Not used since 2013;
5. TAT (1,3,5,7 tetraacetyl-1,3,5,7,-tetraaza cyclo-octane) (CAS 41378-98-7) (see also ML8.a.13.);
6. 1,4,5,8-tetraazadecalin (CAS 5409-42-7) (see also ML8.a.27.);
7. 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (CAS 108-70-3) (see also ML8.a.23.);
8. 1,2,4-trihydroxybutane (1,2,4-butanetriol) (CAS 3068-00-6) (see also ML8.e.5.);
9. DADN (1,5-diacetyl-3,7-dinitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetraaza-cyclooctane) (see also ML8.a.13.).
Note 1 ML8 does not apply to the following substances unless they are compounded or mixed with the “energetic material” specified by ML8.a. or powdered metals specified by ML8.c.:
a. Ammonium picrate (CAS 131-74-8);
b. Black powder;
c. Hexanitrodiphenylamine (CAS 131-73-7);
d Difluoroamine(CAS 10405-27-3);
e. Nitrostarch (CAS 9056-38-6);
f. Potassium nitrate (CAS 7757-79-1);
g. Tetranitronaphthalene;
h. Trinitroanisol;
i. Trinitronaphthalene;
j. Trinitroxylene;
k. N-pyrrolidinone; 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (CAS 872-50-4);
l. Dioctylmaleate (CAS 142-16-5);
m. Ethylhexylacrylate (CAS 103-11-7);
n. Triethylaluminium (TEA) (CAS 97-93-8), trimethylaluminium (TMA) (CAS 75-24-1), and other pyrophoric metal alkyls and aryls of lithium, sodium, magnesium, zinc or boron;
o. Nitrocellulose (CAS 9004-70-0);
p. Nitroglycerin (or glyceroltrinitrate, trinitroglycerine) (NG) (CAS 55-63-0);
q. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) (CAS 118-96-7);
r. Ethylenediaminedinitrate (EDDN) (CAS 20829-66-7);
s. Pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN) (CAS 78-11-5);
t. Lead azide (CAS 13424-46-9), normal lead styphnate(CAS 15245-44-0) and basic lead styphnate (CAS 12403-82-6), and primary explosives or priming compositions containing azides or azide complexes;
u. Triethyleneglycoldinitrate (TEGDN) (CAS 111-22-8);
v. 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol (styphnic acid) (CAS 82-71-3);
w. Diethyldiphenylurea (CAS 85-98-3); dimethyldiphenylurea (CAS 611-92-7); methylethyldiphenyl urea [Centralites];
x. N,N-diphenylurea (unsymmetrical diphenylurea) (CAS 603-54-3);
y. Methyl-N,N-diphenylurea (methyl unsymmetrical diphenylurea) (CAS 13114-72-2);
z. Ethyl-N,N-diphenylurea (ethyl unsymmetrical diphenylurea) (CAS 64544-71-4);
aa. 2-Nitrodiphenylamine (2-NDPA) (CAS 119-75-5);
bb. 4-Nitrodiphenylamine (4-NDPA) (CAS 836-30-6);
cc. 2,2-dinitropropanol (CAS 918-52-5);
dd. Nitroguanidine (CAS 556-88-7) (see entry 1C011.d. on the EU Dual-Use List).
Note 2 ML8. does not apply to ammonium perchlorate (ML8.d.2.), NTO (ML8.a.18.) or catocene (ML8.f.4.b.), and meeting all of the following:
a. Specially shaped and formulated for civil-use gas generation devices;
b. Compounded or mixed, with non-active thermoset binders or plasticizers, and having a mass of less than 250 g;
c. Having a maximum of 80 % ammonium perchlorate (ML8.d.2.) in mass of active material;
d. Having less than or equal to 4 g of NTO (ML8.a.18.); and
e. Having less than or equal to 1 g of catocene (ML8.f.4.b.).
ML9Vessels of war (surface or underwater), special naval equipment, accessories, components and other surface vessels, as follows:
N.B. For guidance and navigation equipment, see ML11.
a. Vessels and components, as follows:
1. Vessels (surface or underwater) specially designed or modified for military use, regardless of current state of repair or operating condition, and whether or not they contain weapon delivery systems or armour, and hulls or parts of hulls for such vessels, and components therefor specially designed for military use;
2. Surface vessels, other than those specified in ML9.a.1., having any of the following, fixed or integrated into the vessel:
a. Automatic weapons having a calibre of 12,7 mm or greater specified in ML1., or weapons specified in ML2., ML4., ML12. or ML19., or ‘mountings’ or hard points for such weapons;
Technical Note
‘Mountings’ refers to weapon mounts or structural strengthening for the purpose of installing weapons.
b. Fire control systems specified in ML5.;
c. Having all of the following:
1. ‘Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) protection’; and
2. ‘Pre-wet or wash down system’ designed for decontamination purposes; or
Technical Notes
1. ‘CBRN protection’ is a self contained interior space containing features such as over-pressurization, isolation of ventilation systems, limited ventilation openings with CBRN filters and limited personnel access points incorporating air-locks.
2. ‘Pre-wet or wash down system’ is a seawater spray system capable of simultaneously wetting the exterior superstructure and decks of a vessel.
d. Active weapon countermeasure systems specified in ML4.b., ML5.c. or ML11.a. and having any of the following:
1. ‘CBRN protection’;
2. Hull and superstructure, specially designed to reduce the radar cross section;
3. Thermal signature reduction devices, (e.g., an exhaust gas cooling system), excluding those specially designed to increase overall power plant efficiency or to reduce the environmental impact; or
4. A degaussing system designed to reduce the magnetic signature of the whole vessel;
b. Engines and propulsion systems, as follows, specially designed for military use and components therefor specially designed for military use:
1. Diesel engines specially designed for submarines and having all of the following:
a. Power output of 1,12 MW (1 500 hp) or more; and
b. Rotary speed of 700 rpm or more;
2. Electric motors specially designed for submarines and having all of the following:
a. Power output of more than 0,75 MW (1 000 hp);
b. Quick reversing;
c. Liquid cooled; and
d. Totally enclosed;
3. Non-magnetic diesel engines having all of the following:
a. Power output of 37,3 kW (50 hp) or more; and
b. Non-magnetic content in excess of 75 % of total mass;
4. ‘Air Independent Propulsion’ (AIP) systems specially designed for submarines;
Technical Note
‘Air Independent Propulsion’ (AIP) allows a submerged submarine to operate its propulsion system, without access to atmospheric oxygen, for a longer time than the batteries would have otherwise allowed. For the purposes of ML9.b.4., AIP does not include nuclear power.
c. Underwater detection devices, specially designed for military use, controls therefor and components therefor specially designed for military use;
d. Anti-submarine nets and anti-torpedo nets, specially designed for military use;
e. Not used since 2003;
f. Hull penetrators and connectors, specially designed for military use, that enable interaction with equipment external to a vessel, and components therefor specially designed for military use;
Note ML9.f. includes connectors for vessels which are of the single-conductor, multi-conductor, coaxial or waveguide type, and hull penetrators for vessels, both of which are capable of remaining impervious to leakage from without and of retaining required characteristics at marine depths exceeding 100 m; and fibre-optic connectors and optical hull penetrators, specially designed for “laser” beam transmission, regardless of depth. ML9.f. does not apply to ordinary propulsive shaft and hydrodynamic control-rod hull penetrators.
g. Silent bearings having any of the following, components therefor and equipment containing those bearings, specially designed for military use:
1. Gas or magnetic suspension;
2. Active signature controls; or
3. Vibration suppression controls.
ML10“Aircraft”, “lighter-than-air vehicles”, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (“UAVs”), aero-engines and “aircraft” equipment, related equipment, and components, as follows, specially designed or modified for military use:
N.B. For guidance and navigation equipment, see ML11.
a. Manned “aircraft” and “lighter-than-air vehicles”, and specially designed components therefor;
b. Not used since 2011;
c. Unmanned aircraft and related equipment, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:
1. “UAVs”, Remotely Piloted Air Vehicles (RPVs), autonomous programmable vehicles and unmanned “lighter-than-air vehicles”;
2. Launchers, recovery equipment and ground support equipment;
3. Equipment designed for command or control;
d. Propulsion aero-engines and specially designed components therefor;
e. Airborne refuelling equipment specially designed or modified for any of the following, and specially designed components therefor:
1. “Aircraft” specified by ML10.a.; or
2. Unmanned aircraft specified by ML10.c.;
f. ‘Ground equipment’ specially designed for aircraft specified by ML10.a. or aero-engines specified by ML10.d.;
Technical Note
‘Ground equipment’ includes pressure refuelling equipment and equipment designed to facilitate operations in confined areas.
g. Aircrew life support equipment, aircrew safety equipment and other devices for emergency escape, not specified in ML10.a., designed for “aircraft” specified by ML10.a.;
Note ML10.g. does not control aircrew helmets that do not incorporate, or have mountings or fittings for, equipment specified in the EU Common Military List.
N.B. For helmets see also ML13.c.
h. Parachutes, paragliders and related equipment, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:
1. Parachutes not specified elsewhere in the EU Common Military List;
2. Paragliders;
3. Equipment specially designed for high altitude parachutists (e.g. suits, special helmets, breathing systems, navigation equipment);
i. Controlled opening equipment or automatic piloting systems, designed for parachuted loads..
Note 1 ML10.a. does not apply to “aircraft” and “lighter-than-air vehicles” or variants of those “aircraft” specially designed for military use, and which are all of the following:
a. Not a combat aircraft
b. Not configured for military use and not fitted with equipment or attachments specially designed or modified for military use; and
c. Certified for civil use by the civil aviation authority in an EU Member State or in a Wassenaar Arrangement Participating State.
Note 2 ML10.d. does not apply to:
a. Aero-engines designed or modified for military use which have been certified by civil aviation authorities in an EU Member State or in a Wassenaar Arrangement Participating State for use in “civil aircraft”, or specially designed components therefor;
b. Reciprocating engines or specially designed components therefor, except those specially designed for “UAVs”.
Note 3 For the purposes of ML10.a. and ML10.d., specially designed components and related equipment for non-military “aircraft” or aero-engines modified for military use applies only to those military components and to military related equipment required for the modification to military use.
Note 4 For the purposes of ML10.a., military use includes: combat, military reconnaissance, assault, military training, logistics support, and transporting and airdropping troops or military equipment.
Note 5 ML10.a. does not apply to “aircraft” that meet all of the following:
a. Were first manufactured before 1946;
b. Do not incorporate items specified by the EU Common Military List, unless the items are required to meet safety or airworthiness standards of an EU Member State or of a Wassenaar Arrangement Participating State; and
c. Do not incorporate weapons specified by the EU Common Military List, unless inoperable and incapable of being returned to operation.
ML11Electronic equipment, “spacecraft” and components, not specified elsewhere on the EU Common Military List, as follows:
a. Electronic equipment specially designed for military use and specially designed components therefor;
Note ML11.a. includes:
a. Electronic countermeasure and electronic counter-countermeasure equipment (i.e. equipment designed to introduce extraneous or erroneous signals into radar or radio communication receivers or otherwise hinder the reception, operation or effectiveness of adversary electronic receivers including their countermeasure equipment), including jamming and counter-jamming equipment;
b. Frequency agile tubes;
c. Electronic systems or equipment, designed either for surveillance and monitoring of the electro-magnetic spectrum for military intelligence or security purposes or for counteracting such surveillance and monitoring;
d. Underwater countermeasures, including acoustic and magnetic jamming and decoy, equipment designed to introduce extraneous or erroneous signals into sonar receivers;
e. Data processing security equipment, data security equipment and transmission and signalling line security equipment, using ciphering processes;
f. Identification, authentification and keyloader equipment and key management, manufacturing and distribution equipment;
g. Guidance and navigation equipment;
h. Digital troposcatter-radio communications transmission equipment;
i. Digital demodulators specially designed for signals intelligence;
j. “Automated command and control systems”.
N.B. For “software” associated with military “Software” Defined Radio (SDR), see ML21.
b. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) jamming equipment and specially designed components therefor;
c. “Spacecraft” specially designed or modified for military use, and “spacecraft” components specially designed for military use.
ML12High velocity kinetic energy weapon systems and related equipment, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:
a. Kinetic energy weapon systems specially designed for destruction or effecting mission-abort of a target;
b. Specially designed test and evaluation facilities and test models, including diagnostic instrumentation and targets, for dynamic testing of kinetic energy projectiles and systems.
N.B. For weapon systems using sub-calibre ammunition or employing solely chemical propulsion, and ammunition therefor, see ML1 to ML4.
Note 1 ML12 includes the following when specially designed for kinetic energy weapon systems:
a. Launch propulsion systems capable of accelerating masses larger than 0.1 g to velocities in excess of 1.6 km/s, in single or rapid fire modes;
b. Prime power generation, electric armour, energy storage (e.g., high energy storage capacitors), thermal management, conditioning, switching or fuel-handling equipment; and electrical interfaces between power supply, gun and other turret electric drive functions;
N.B. See also 3A001.e.2. on the EU Dual-Use List for high energy storage capacitors.
c. Target acquisition, tracking, fire control or damage assessment systems;
d. Homing seeker, guidance or divert propulsion (lateral acceleration) systems for projectiles.
Note 2 ML12 applies to weapon systems using any of the following methods of propulsion:
a. Electromagnetic;
b. Electrothermal;
c. Plasma;
d. Light gas; or
e. Chemical (when used in combination with any of the above).
ML13Armoured or protective equipment, constructions and components, as follows:
a. Armoured plate, having any of the following:
1. Manufactured to comply with a military standard or specification; or
2. Suitable for military use;
N.B. For body armour plate, see ML13.d.2.
b. Constructions of metallic or non-metallic materials, or combinations thereof, specially designed to provide ballistic protection for military systems, and specially designed components therefor;
c. Helmets manufactured according to military standards or specifications, or comparable national standards, and specially designed components therefor, (i.e. helmet shell, liner and comfort pads);
d. Body armour or protective garments, and components therefor, as follows:
1. Soft body armour or protective garments, manufactured to military standards or specifications, or to their equivalents, and specially designed components therefor;
Note For the purposes of ML13.d.1., military standards or specifications include, at a minimum, specifications for fragmentation protection.
2. Hard body armour plates providing ballistic protection equal to or greater than level III (NIJ 0101.06, July 2008) or national equivalents.
Note 1 ML13.b. includes materials specially designed to form explosive reactive armour or to construct military shelters.
Note 2 ML13.c. does not apply to conventional steel helmets, neither modified or designed to accept, nor equipped with any type of accessory device.
Note 3 ML13.c. and d. do not apply to helmets, body armour or protective garments, when accompanying their user for the user's own personal protection.
Note 4 The only helmets specially designed for bomb disposal personnel that are specified by ML13. are those specially designed for military use.
N.B. 1 See also entry 1A005 on the EU Dual-Use List.
N.B. 2 For “fibrous or filamentary materials” used in the manufacture of body armour and helmets, see entry 1C010 on the EU Dual Use List.
ML14‘Specialised equipment for military training’ or for simulating military scenarios, simulators specially designed for training in the use of any firearm or weapon specified by ML1 or ML2, and specially designed components and accessories therefor.
Technical Note
The term ‘specialised equipment for military training’ includes military types of attack trainers, operational flight trainers, radar target trainers, radar target generators, gunnery training devices, anti-submarine warfare trainers, flight simulators (including human-rated centrifuges for pilot/astronaut training), radar trainers, instrument flight trainers, navigation trainers, missile launch trainers, target equipment, drone “aircraft”, armament trainers, pilotless “aircraft” trainers, mobile training units and training equipment for ground military operations.
Note 1 ML14 includes image generating and interactive environment systems for simulators, when specially designed or modified for military use.
Note 2 ML14 does not apply to equipment specially designed for training in the use of hunting or sporting weapons.
ML15Imaging or countermeasure equipment, as follows, specially designed for military use, and specially designed components and accessories therefor:
a. Recorders and image processing equipment;
b. Cameras, photographic equipment and film processing equipment;
c. Image intensifier equipment;
d. Infrared or thermal imaging equipment;
e. Imaging radar sensor equipment;
f. Countermeasure or counter-countermeasure equipment, for the equipment specified by ML15.a. to ML15.e.
Note ML15.f. includes equipment designed to degrade the operation or effectiveness of military imaging systems or to minimize such degrading effects.
Note 1 In ML15, the term specially designed components includes the following when specially designed for military use:
a. Infrared image converter tubes;
b. Image intensifier tubes (other than first generation);
c. Microchannel plates;
d. Low-light-level television camera tubes;
e. Detector arrays (including electronic interconnection or read out systems);
f. Pyroelectric television camera tubes;
g. Cooling systems for imaging systems;
h. Electrically triggered shutters of the photochromic or electro-optical type having a shutter speed of less than 100 μs, except in the case of shutters which are an essential part of a high-speed camera;
i. Fibre optic image inverters;
j. Compound semiconductor photocathodes
Note 2 ML15 does not apply to “first generation image intensifier tubes” or equipment specially designed to incorporate “first generation image intensifier tube”.
N.B. For the classification of weapons sights incorporating “first generation image intensifier tubes” see ML1., ML2. and ML5.a.
N.B. See also entries 6A002.a.2. and 6A002.b. on the EU Dual-Use List.
ML16Forgings, castings and other unfinished products, specially designed for items specified by ML1 to ML4, ML6, ML9, ML10, ML12 or ML19.
Note ML16. applies to unfinished products when they are identifiable by material composition, geometry or function.
ML17Miscellaneous equipment, materials and ‘libraries’, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:
a. Self-contained diving and underwater swimming apparatus, as follows:
1. Closed or semi-closed circuit (rebreathing) apparatus specially designed for military use (i.e. specially designed to be non magnetic);
2. Specially designed components for use in the conversion of open-circuit apparatus to military use;
3. Articles designed exclusively for military use with self-contained diving and underwater swimming apparatus;
N.B. See also 8A002.q. on the EU Dual-Use List.
b. Construction equipment specially designed for military use;
c. Fittings, coatings and treatments, for signature suppression, specially designed for military use;
d. Field engineer equipment specially designed for use in a combat zone;
e. “Robots”, “robot” controllers and “robot”“end-effectors”, having any of the following characteristics:
1. Specially designed for military use;
2. Incorporating means of protecting hydraulic lines against externally induced punctures caused by ballistic fragments (e.g. incorporating self-sealing lines) and designed to use hydraulic fluids with flash points higher than 839 K (566 °C); or
3. Specially designed or rated for operating in an electro magnetic pulse (EMP) environment;
Technical Note
Electro-magnetic pulse does not refer to unintentional interference caused by electromagnetic radiation from nearby equipment (e.g. machinery, appliances or electronics) or lightning.
f. ‘Libraries’ (parametric technical databases) specially designed for military use with equipment specified by the EU Common Military List;
g. Nuclear power generating equipment or propulsion equipment, including “nuclear reactors”, specially designed for military use and components therefor specially designed or ‘modified’ for military use;
h. Equipment and material, coated or treated for signature suppression, specially designed for military use, other than those specified elsewhere in the EU Common Military List;
i. Simulators specially designed for military “nuclear reactors”;
j. Mobile repair shops specially designed or ‘modified’ to service military equipment;
k. Field generators specially designed or ‘modified’ for military use;
l. Containers specially designed or ‘modified’ for military use;
m. Ferries, other than those specified elsewhere in the EU Common Military List, bridges and pontoons, specially designed for military use;
n. Test models specially designed for the “development” of items specified by ML4, ML6, ML9 or ML10;
o. Laser protection equipment (e.g. eye and sensor protection) specially designed for military use.
p. “Fuel cells” other than those specified elsewhere in the EU Common Military List, specially designed or ‘modified’ for military use.
Technical Notes
1. For the purpose of ML17, the term ‘library’ (parametric technical database) means a collection of technical information of a military nature, reference to which may enhance the performance of military equipment or systems.
2. For the purpose of ML17, ‘modified’ means any structural, electrical, mechanical, or other change that provides a non-military item with military capabilities equivalent to an item which is specially designed for military use.
ML18Production equipment and components, as follows:
a. Specially designed or modified ‘production’ equipment for the ‘production’ of products specified by the EU Common Military List, and specially designed components therefor;
b. Specially designed environmental test facilities and specially designed equipment therefor, for the certification, qualification or testing of products specified by the EU Common Military List.
Technical Note
For the purposes of ML18, the term ‘production’ includes design, examination, manufacture, testing and checking.
Note ML18.a. and ML18.b. include the following equipment:
a. Continuous nitrators;
b. Centrifugal testing apparatus or equipment having any of the following:
1. Driven by a motor or motors having a total rated horsepower of more than 298 kW (400 hp);
2. Capable of carrying a payload of 113 kg or more; or
3 Capable of exerting a centrifugal acceleration of 8 g or more on a payload of 91 kg or more;
c. Dehydration presses;
d. Screw extruders specially designed or modified for military explosive extrusion;
e. Cutting machines for the sizing of extruded propellants;
f. Sweetie barrels (tumblers) 1,85 m or more in diameter and having over 227 kg product capacity;
g. Continuous mixers for solid propellants;
h. Fluid energy mills for grinding or milling the ingredients of military explosives;
i. Equipment to achieve both sphericity and uniform particle size in metal powder listed in ML8.c.8.;
j. Convection current converters for the conversion of materials listed in ML8.c.3.
ML19Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) systems, related or countermeasure equipment and test models, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:
a. “Laser” systems specially designed for destruction or effecting mission-abort of a target;
b. Particle beam systems capable of destruction or effecting mission-abort of a target;
c. High power Radio-Frequency (RF) systems capable of destruction or effecting mission-abort of a target;
d. Equipment specially designed for the detection or identification of, or defence against, systems specified by ML19.a. to ML19.c.;
e. Physical test models for the systems, equipment and components, specified by ML19.
f. “Laser” systems specially designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision, i.e. to the naked eye or to the eye with corrective eyesight devices.
Note 1 DEW systems specified by ML19 include systems whose capability is derived from the controlled application of:
a. “Lasers” of sufficient power to effect destruction similar to the manner of conventional ammunition;
b. Particle accelerators which project a charged or neutral particle beam with destructive power;
c. High pulsed power or high average power radio frequency beam transmitters, which produce fields sufficiently intense to disable electronic circuitry at a distant target.
Note 2 ML19 includes the following when specially designed for DEW systems:
a. Prime power generation, energy storage, switching, power conditioning or fuel-handling equipment;
b. Target acquisition or tracking systems;
c Systems capable of assessing target damage, destruction or mission-abort;
d. Beam-handling, propagation or pointing equipment;
e. Equipment with rapid beam slew capability for rapid multiple target operations;
f. Adaptive optics and phase conjugators;
g. Current injectors for negative hydrogen ion beams;
h. “Space-qualified” accelerator components;
i. Negative ion beam funnelling equipment;
j. Equipment for controlling and slewing a high energy ion beam;
k. “Space qualified” foils for neutralising negative hydrogen isotope beams.
ML20Cryogenic and “superconductive” equipment, as follows, and specially designed components and accessories therefor:
a. Equipment specially designed or configured to be installed in a vehicle for military ground, marine, airborne or space applications, capable of operating while in motion and of producing or maintaining temperatures below 103 K (– 170 °C);
Note ML20.a. includes mobile systems incorporating or employing accessories or components manufactured from non-metallic or non-electrical conductive materials, such as plastics or epoxy-impregnated materials.
b. “Superconductive” electrical equipment (rotating machinery and transformers) specially designed or configured to be installed in a vehicle for military ground, marine, airborne or space applications, and capable of operating while in motion.
Note ML20.b. does not apply to direct current hybrid homopolar generators that have single-pole normal metal armatures which rotate in a magnetic field produced by superconducting windings, provided those windings are the only superconducting components in the generator.
ML21“Software” as follows:
a. “Software” specially designed or modified for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment, materials or “software”, specified by the EU Common Military List;
b. Specific “software”, other than that specified by ML21.a., as follows:
1. “Software” specially designed for military use and specially designed for modelling, simulating or evaluating military weapon systems;
2. “Software” specially designed for military use and specially designed for modelling or simulating military operational scenarios;
3. “Software” for determining the effects of conventional, nuclear, chemical or biological weapons;
4. “Software” specially designed for military use and specially designed for Command, Communications, Control and Intelligence (C3I) or Command, Communications, Control, Computer and Intelligence (C4I) applications;
c. “Software”, not specified by ML21.a., or b., specially designed or modified to enable equipment not specified by the EU Common Military List to perform the military functions of equipment specified by the EU Common Military List.
ML22“Technology” as follows:
a. “Technology”, other than specified in ML22.b., which is “required” for the “development”, “production”, operation, installation, maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul or refurbishing of items specified in the EU Common Military List;
b. “Technology” as follows:
1. “Technology”“required” for the design of, the assembly of components into, and the operation, maintenance and repair of, complete production installations for items specified in the Common Military List of the European Union, even if the components of such production installations are not specified;
2. “Technology”“required” for the “development” and “production” of small arms even if used to produce reproductions of antique small arms;
3. Not used since 2013
N.B. See ML22.a. for “technology” previously specified by ML22.b.3.
4. Not used since 2013
N.B. See ML22.a. for “technology” previously specified by ML22.b.4.
5. “Technology”“required” exclusively for the incorporation of “biocatalysts”, specified by ML7.i.1., into military carrier substances or military material.
Note 1 “Technology”“required” for the “development”, “production”, operation, installation, maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul or refurbishing of items specified by the EU Common Military List remains under control even when applicable to any item not specified by the EU Common Military List.
Note 2 ML22 does not apply to:
a. “Technology” that is the minimum necessary for the installation, operation, maintenance (checking) or repair, of those items which are not controlled or whose export has been authorised;
b. “Technology” that is “in the public domain”, “basic scientific research” or the minimum necessary information for patent applications;
c. “Technology” for magnetic induction for continuous propulsion of civil transport devices
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED IN THIS LIST
The following are definitions of the terms used in this List, in alphabetical order.
Note 1 Definitions apply throughout the List. The references are purely advisory and have no effect on the universal application of defined terms throughout the List.
Note 2 Words and terms contained in this List of Definitions only take the defined meaning where this is indicated by their being enclosed in “double quotations marks”. Definitions of terms between ‘single quotation marks’ are given in a Technical note to the relevant item. Elsewhere, words and terms take their commonly accepted (dictionary) meanings.
ML7“Adapted for use in war”
Any modification or selection (such as altering purity, shelf life, virulence, dissemination characteristics, or resistance to UV radiation) designed to increase the effectiveness in producing casualties in humans or animals, degrading equipment or damaging crops or the environment.
ML8“Additives”
Substances used in explosive formulations to improve their properties.
ML8, 10, 14“Aircraft”
A fixed wing, swivel wing, rotary wing (helicopter), tilt rotor or tilt-wing airborne vehicle.
ML11“Automated Command and Control Systems”
Electronic systems, through which information essential to the effective operation of the grouping, major formation, tactical formation, unit, ship, subunit or weapons under command is entered, processed and transmitted. This is achieved by the use of computer and other specialised hardware designed to support the functions of a military command and control organisation. The main functions of an automated command and control system are: the efficient automated collection, accumulation, storage and processing of information; the display of the situation and the circumstances affecting the preparation and conduct of combat operations; operational and tactical calculations for the allocation of resources among force groupings or elements of the operational order of battle or battle deployment according to the mission or stage of the operation; the preparation of data for appreciation of the situation and decision-making at any point during operation or battle; computer simulation of operations.
ML22“Basic scientific research”
Experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective.
ML7, 22“Biocatalysts”
Enzymes for specific chemical or biochemical reactions or other biological compounds which bind to and accelerate the degradation of CW agents.
Technical Note
“Enzymes” means “biocatalysts” for specific chemical or biochemical reactions.
ML7, 22“Biopolymers”
Biological macromolecules as follows:
a. Enzymes for specific chemical or biochemical reactions;
b. Antibodies, monoclonal, polyclonal or anti-idiotypic;
c. Specially designed or specially processed receptors;
Technical Notes
1. “Anti-idiotypic antibodies” means antibodies which bind to the specific antigen binding sites of other antibodies;
2. “Monoclonal antibodies” means proteins which bind to one antigenic site and are produced by a single clone of cells;
3. “Polyclonal antibodies” means a mixture of proteins which bind to the specific antigen and are produced by more than one clone of cells;
4. “Receptors” means biological macromolecular structures capable of binding ligands, the binding of which affects physiological functions.
ML4, 10“Civil aircraft”
Those “aircraft” listed by designation in published airworthiness certification lists by the civil aviation authorities to fly commercial civil internal and external routes or for legitimate civil, private or business use.
ML21, 22“Development”
Is related to all stages prior to serial production, such as: design, design research, design analyses, design concepts, assembly and testing of prototypes, pilot production schemes, design data, process of transforming design data into a product, configuration design, integration design, layouts.
ML17“End-effectors”
Grippers, active tooling units and any other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end of a “robot” manipulator arm.
Technical Note
‘Active tooling units’ are devices for applying motive power, process energy or sensing to a work piece.
ML 8“Energetic materials”
Substances or mixtures that react chemically to release energy required for their intended application. “Explosives”, “pyrotechnics” and “propellants” are subclasses of energetic materials.
ML8, 18“Explosives”
Solid, liquid or gaseous substances or mixtures of substances which, in their application as primary, booster, or main charges in warheads, demolition and other applications, are required to detonate.
ML7“Expression Vectors”
Carriers (e.g. plasmid or virus) used to introduce genetic material into host cells.
ML13“Fibrous or filamentary materials”
Include:
a. Continuous monofilaments;
b. Continuous yarns and rovings;
c. Tapes, fabrics, random mats and braids;
d. Chopped fibres, staple fibres and coherent fibre blankets;
e. Whiskers, either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, of any length;
f. Aromatic polyamide pulp.
ML15“First generation image intensifier tubes”
Electrostatically focused tubes, employing input and output fibre optic or glass face plates, multi-alkali photocathodes (S-20 or S-25), but not microchannel plate amplifiers.
ML 17“Fuel cell”
An electrochemical device that converts chemical energy directly into Direct Current (DC) electricity by consuming fuel from an external source.
ML22“In the public domain”
This means “technology” or “software” which has been made available without restrictions upon its further dissemination.
Note: Copyright restrictions do not remove “technology” or “software” from being “in the public domain”.
ML9, 19“Laser”
An assembly of components which produce both spatially and temporally coherent light that is amplified by stimulated emission of radiation.
ML10“Lighter-than-air vehicles”
Balloons and airships that rely on hot air or on lighter-than-air gases such as helium or hydrogen for their lift.
ML17“Nuclear reactor”
Includes the items within or attached directly to the reactor vessel, the equipment which controls the level of power in the core, and the components which normally contain or come into direct contact with or control the primary coolant of the reactor core.
ML8“Precursors”
Speciality chemicals used in the manufacture of explosives.
ML18, 21, 22“Production”
Means all production stages, such as: product engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection, testing, quality assurance.
ML8“Propellants”
Substances or mixtures that react chemically to produce large volumes of hot gases at controlled rates to perform mechanical work.
ML4, 8“Pyrotechnic(s)”
Mixtures of solid or liquid fuels and oxidizers which, when ignited, undergo an energetic chemical reaction at a controlled rate intended to produce specific time delays, or quantities of heat, noise, smoke, visible light or infrared radiation. Pyrophorics are a subclass of pyrotechnics, which contain no oxidizers but ignite spontaneously on contact with air.
ML22“Required”
As applied to “technology”, refers to only that portion of “technology” which is peculiarly responsible for achieving or exceeding the controlled performance levels, characteristics or functions. Such “required”“technology” may be shared by different products.
ML7“Riot control agents”
Substances which, under the expected conditions of use for riot control purposes, produce rapidly in humans sensory irritation or disabling physical effects which disappear within a short time following termination of exposure. (Tear gases are a subset of “riot control agents”.)
ML17“Robot”
A manipulation mechanism, which may be of the continuous path or of the point-to-point variety, may use sensors, and has all the following characteristics:
a. Is multifunctional;
b. Is capable of positioning or orienting material, parts, tools or special devices through variable movements in three-dimensional space;
c. Incorporates three or more closed or open loop servo-devices which may include stepping motors; and
d. Has “user-accessible programmability” by means of the teach/playback method or by means of an electronic computer which may be a programmable logic controller, i.e. without mechanical intervention.
Note The above definition does not include the following devices:
1. Manipulation mechanisms which are only manually/teleoperator controllable;
2. Fixed sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The programme is mechanically limited by fixed stops, such as pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are not variable or changeable by mechanical, electronic or electrical means
3. Mechanically controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The programme is mechanically limited by fixed, but adjustable, stops, such as pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are variable within the fixed programme pattern. Variations or modifications of the programme pattern (e.g. changes of pins or exchanges of cams) in one or more motion axes are accomplished only through mechanical operations;
4. Non-servo-controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The programme is variable but the sequence proceeds only by the binary signal from mechanically fixed electrical binary devices or adjustable stops;
5. Stacker cranes defined as Cartesian coordinate manipulator systems manufactured as an integral part of a vertical array of storage bins and designed to access the contents of those bins for storage or retrieval.
ML21“Software”
A collection of one or more “programmes” or “microprogrammes” fixed in any tangible medium of expression.
ML 11“Spacecraft”
Active and passive satellites and space probes
ML19“Space-qualified”
Designed, manufactured, or qualified through successful testing, for operation at altitudes greater than 100 km above the surface of the Earth.
Note A determination that a specific item is “space- qualified” by virtue of testing does not mean that other items in the same production run or model series are “space-qualified” if not individually tested.
ML20“Superconductive”
Refers to materials, (i.e. metals, alloys or compounds) which can lose all electrical resistance (i.e. which can attain infinite electrical conductivity and carry very large electrical currents without Joule heating).
“Critical temperature” (sometimes referred to as the transition temperature) of a specific “superconductive” material is the temperature at which the material loses all resistance to the flow of direct electrical current.
Technical Note
The “superconductive” state of a material is individually characterised by a “critical temperature”, a critical magnetic field, which is a function of temperature, and a critical current density which is, however, a function of both magnetic field and temperature.
ML22“Technology”
Specific information necessary for the “development”, “production” or “use” of a product. The information takes the form of ‘technical data’ or ‘technical assistance’.
Technical Notes
1. ‘Technical data’ may take forms such as blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions written or recorded on other media or devices such as disk, tape, read-only memories.
2. ‘Technical assistance’ may take forms such as instruction, skills, training, working knowledge, consulting services. ‘Technical assistance’ may involve transfer of ‘technical data’.
ML10“Unmanned aerial vehicle” (“UAV”)
Any “aircraft” capable of initiating flight and sustaining controlled flight and navigation without any human presence on board.
ML21, 22“Use”
Operation, installation (including on-site installation), maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul and refurbishing.
( 1 ) Opinion delivered on 23 October 2008 (not yet published in the Official Journal).
( 2 ) Opinion of the European Parliament of 16 December 2008 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and Council Decision of 23 April 2009.
( 3 ) OJ L 88, 29.3.2007, p. 58.
( 4 ) OJ L 338, 9.12.1997, p. 1.
( 5 ) OJ L 256, 13.9.1991, p. 51.
( 6 ) OJ L 121, 15.5.1993, p. 20.
( 7 ) OJ L 335, 13.12.2008, p. 99.
( 8 ) OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23.
( 9 ) OJ C 321, 31.12.2003, p. 1.
( 10 ) OJ L 302, 19.10.1992, p. 1.