清华大学考博英语-15
(总分85.5, 做题时间90分钟)
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary
1.He ______ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.
A repealed
B resented
C relayed
D reproached
2.He was ______ by the noise outside yesterday evening and could not concentrate on his study.
A pecked
B oriented
C perturbed
D paddled
3.Her talk at the seminar clearly______from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology.
A alternated
B amplified
C designated
D diverged
4.They are always ready to ______ heavy responsibilities.
A take in
B take on
C put on
D put in
5.
The crowd ______ into the hall and some had to stand outside.
A. outgrew B, overthrew C. overpassed D. overflew
A B C D
6.Haven"t I told you I don"t want you keeping ______ with those awful riding-about bicycle boys.?
A company
B acquaintance
C friends
D place
7.Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of______business.
A stale
B slack
C ferrous
D abundant
8.I was entrusted to______to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.
A contribute
B detract
C convert
D entail
9.It is apparent that winning the scholarship is______of one"s intelligence in the field of physics.
A parallelism
B alliteration
C testimony
D rhythm
10.Nobody knew how he came up with this ______ idea about the trip.
A weary
B twilight
C unanimous
D weird
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog in December 1952, 4, 700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Parliament passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal.
Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation (发炎). Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘) and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur.
Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema (肺气肿), but this has yet to be proven.
Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.
Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation (发炎). Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘) and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur.
Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema (肺气肿), but this has yet to be proven.
Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.
1.Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experiments?
A Low concentrations
B Fall in lung function
C Irritability of the lungs
D Air way inflammation
2.Irritable and inflamed lungs are also seen in people with ______.
A asthma
B lung diseases
C good health
D weak health
3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of lung diseases?
A The burning of coal
B Long-term exposure to smog
C Exposure to nitrogen dioxide
D Attending school camps
4.The relationship between exposure to ______ has not yet been determined.
A ozone and fall in lung function
B ozone and lung diseases such as asthma
C nitrogen dioxide and worse lung function
D smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema
5.The association between ______ has not yet been found in Australia.
A ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma
B hazy days and more asthma attacks in children
C the levels of particles in the air and death rates
D high levels of pollution and more symptoms
If you smoke and you still don"t believe that there"s a definite between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn"t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain, for example, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.
You don"t have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It"s almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn"t do to shout too loudly about it.
This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.
of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you"d think they"d conduct aggressive antismoking campaigns. Far from it! Tile tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!
For a start, governments, could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning--say, a picture of a death"s head--should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.
You don"t have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It"s almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn"t do to shout too loudly about it.
This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.
of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you"d think they"d conduct aggressive antismoking campaigns. Far from it! Tile tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!
For a start, governments, could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning--say, a picture of a death"s head--should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.
6.The best title of the text may be ______
A give up the habit of smoking immediately
B word governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking
C go on with anti-smoking lobby vigorously
D world governments should allocate more funds on cancer researches
7.As pointed out in the text, governments are reluctant to exercise total ban on cigarette and tobacco advertising ______
A in the interests of financial rewards
B for the sake of the public"s welfare
C without regard to tax collections
D in anticipation of smokers" lobbying
8.The word "hypocrisy" (Paragraph 2) denotes _____
A dishonesty
B predicament
C indecision
D intimidation
9.It can be concluded that anti-smoking campaigns should be conducted ______
A insidiously and discreetly
B vividly and attractively
C aggressively and drastically
D disinterestedly and bravely
10.The author is most critical of ______
A anti-smoking lobbyists
B tobacco advertisers
C world governments
D tax collectors
In a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to colleges admissions. The only sure bet, the say, is that this fall"s entering classes--the first since Katrina-- will be smaller than usual.
In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students--who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions- to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications--about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshman, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard won"t release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past, Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year"s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshman.
In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class- 1,400, compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.
Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to woo admitted students, often by enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mail, phone calls or web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year"s level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. It"s also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September "to avert the majority of the hurricane season." Larkins says, Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted students and hosted a community service weekend program.
While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging sins of purposefulness among applicants. "A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city are saying, "I want to be a part of the action," " says Stieffi, noting that Loyola"s transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious, "The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come," he says.
In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students--who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions- to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications--about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshman, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard won"t release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past, Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year"s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshman.
In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class- 1,400, compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.
Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to woo admitted students, often by enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mail, phone calls or web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year"s level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. It"s also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September "to avert the majority of the hurricane season." Larkins says, Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted students and hosted a community service weekend program.
While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging sins of purposefulness among applicants. "A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city are saying, "I want to be a part of the action," " says Stieffi, noting that Loyola"s transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious, "The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come," he says.
11.It can be inferred from the passage that______
A many of the students require smaller classes than usual in the institutions
B most college admissions officials cannot predict how many students will commit to enrolling in their institutions by May 1 this year
C many of the students are increasingly applying to multiple institutions to make their choices by May 1 this year
D in typical years, most colleges require students to apply and commit to their institutions
12.The following statements are all false other than______
A Tulane University also saw drops in applications this year
B Xavier University, as a historically black Catholic institution, fell behind the recruitment schedule of Dillard University
C Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says the total number that he hopes to enroll is about 1,500 freshman
D Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions due to receiving fewer applications of students
13.In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are______
A reducing the tuition respectively
B hosting meetings
C increasing the scholarships respectively
D extending the application deadline
14.The passage mainly concentrates on the subject of______
A the drops of the applicants of the universities
B the dilemma of the admission officials
C the usual rules of college admissions
D the effects of the hurricanes
Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.
The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.
Every parent watches eagerly the child"s acquisition of each new skill--the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child"s own happiness and well-being.
The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.
Every parent watches eagerly the child"s acquisition of each new skill--the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child"s own happiness and well-being.
15.The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children ______.
A is to send them to clinics
B offers recapture of earlier experiences
C is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains
D is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced
16.The child in the nursery ______.
A quickly learns to wait for food
B doesn"t initially sleep and wake at regular intervals
C always accepts the rhythm of the world around him
D always feels the word around him is warm and friendly
17.The encouragement of children to achieve new skills ______.
A can never be taken too far
B should be left to school teachers
C will always assist their development
D should be balanced between two extremes
18.Jigsaw puzzles are ______.
A too difficult for children
B a kind of building-block toy
C not very entertaining for adults
D suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation
19.Parental controls and discipline ______.
A serve a dual purpose
B should be avoided as much as possible
C reflect the values of the community
D are designed to promote the child"s happiness
Eight times within the past million years, something in the Earth"s climatic equation has changed, allowing snow in the mountains and the northern latitudes to accumulate from one season to the next instead of melting away. Each time, the enormous ice sheets resulting from this continual buildup lasted tens of thousands of years until the end of each particular glacial cycle brought a warmer climate. Scientists speculated that these glacial cycles were ultimately driven by astronomical factor: slow, cyclic changes in the eccentricity of the Earth"s orbit and in the tilt and orientation of its spin axis. But up until around 30 years ago, the lack of an independent record of ice-age timing made the hypothesis untestable.
Then in the early 1950"s Emiliani produced the first complete record of the waxings and wanings of first glaciations. It came from a seemingly odd place, the seafloor. Single-cell marine organisms called "foraminifera" house themselves in shells made from calcium carbonate. When the foraminifera die, sink to the bottom, and become part of seafloor sediments, the carbonate of their shells preserves certain characteristics of the seawater they inhabited. In particular, the ratio of a heavy isotope of oxygen (oxygen-18) to ordinary oxygen (oxygen-16) in the carbonate preserves the ratio of the two oxygens in water molecules.
It is now understood that the ratio of oxygen isotopes reflects the proportion of the world"s water locked up in glaciers and ice sheets. A kind of meteorological distillation accounts for the link. Water molecules containing the heavier isotope tend to condense and fall as precipitation slightly sooner than molecules containing the lighter isotope. Hence, as water vapor evaporated from warm oceans moves away from its source, its oxygen- 18 returns more quickly to the oceans than does its oxygen-16. What falls as snow on distant ice sheets and mountain glaciers is relatively depleted of oxygen-18. As the oxygen-18-poor ice builds up, the oceans become relatively enriched in the isotope. The larger the ice sheets grow, the higher the proportion of oxygen-18 becomes in seawater--and hence in the sediments
Analyzing cores drilled from seafloor sediments, Emiliani found that the isotopic ratio rose and fell in rough accord with the Earth"s astronomical cycles. Since that pioneering observation, oxygenisotope measurements have been made on hundreds of cores. The combined record enables scientists to show that the re-cord contains the very periodicities as the orbital processes. Over the past 800, 000 years, the global ice volume peaked every 100,000 years, matching the period of the orbital eccentricity variation. In addition, "wrinkles" superposed on each cycle--small decreases or surges in ice volume--have come at intervals of roughly 23,000 and 41,000 years, in keeping with the precession and tilt frequencies of the Earth"s spin axis.
Then in the early 1950"s Emiliani produced the first complete record of the waxings and wanings of first glaciations. It came from a seemingly odd place, the seafloor. Single-cell marine organisms called "foraminifera" house themselves in shells made from calcium carbonate. When the foraminifera die, sink to the bottom, and become part of seafloor sediments, the carbonate of their shells preserves certain characteristics of the seawater they inhabited. In particular, the ratio of a heavy isotope of oxygen (oxygen-18) to ordinary oxygen (oxygen-16) in the carbonate preserves the ratio of the two oxygens in water molecules.
It is now understood that the ratio of oxygen isotopes reflects the proportion of the world"s water locked up in glaciers and ice sheets. A kind of meteorological distillation accounts for the link. Water molecules containing the heavier isotope tend to condense and fall as precipitation slightly sooner than molecules containing the lighter isotope. Hence, as water vapor evaporated from warm oceans moves away from its source, its oxygen- 18 returns more quickly to the oceans than does its oxygen-16. What falls as snow on distant ice sheets and mountain glaciers is relatively depleted of oxygen-18. As the oxygen-18-poor ice builds up, the oceans become relatively enriched in the isotope. The larger the ice sheets grow, the higher the proportion of oxygen-18 becomes in seawater--and hence in the sediments
Analyzing cores drilled from seafloor sediments, Emiliani found that the isotopic ratio rose and fell in rough accord with the Earth"s astronomical cycles. Since that pioneering observation, oxygenisotope measurements have been made on hundreds of cores. The combined record enables scientists to show that the re-cord contains the very periodicities as the orbital processes. Over the past 800, 000 years, the global ice volume peaked every 100,000 years, matching the period of the orbital eccentricity variation. In addition, "wrinkles" superposed on each cycle--small decreases or surges in ice volume--have come at intervals of roughly 23,000 and 41,000 years, in keeping with the precession and tilt frequencies of the Earth"s spin axis.
20.In opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______
A unfolding a phenomenon
B posing a contrast
C refuting a speculation
D testifying a hypothesis
21.The expression "waxings and wanings" (Paragraph 2) most probably means ______
A regularities and eccentricities
B vaporizations and sediments
C variants and constants
D maximizations an minimizations
22.As pointed out in the text, the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in seafloor sediments and that of these isotopes locked in glaciers and ice-sheets are ______
A irrelevant
B correlated
C corresponding
D identical
23.Single-cell marine organisms referred to as "foraminifera" as mentioned in the text might serve as ______
A a proof against the existence of oxygen-16
B a testimony to sediment formation processes
C a valid record justifying glacial periodic cycles
D an indicator of the ratio of the two oxygens
24.What can we safely infer from the text?
A Many a phenomenon might be caused by astronomical factors
B Any hypothesis should be abandoned unless supported by solid records
C Glaciers are the records keeping Earth"s astronomical cycles
D Oxygen isotopes are evenly distributed throughout the earth surface
Part Ⅲ Cloze
For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the
1
of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel
2
to go to bed and pleased when the journey
3
. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed
4
earlier than Usual. When I
5
my cabin, I was surprised
6
that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected
7
but there was a suitcase
8
mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet
9
, except that he was wearing
10
good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not
11
whoever he was and did not say
12
. As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.
I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered 13 as well as I could and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a 14 was coming from somewhere. I thought perhaps I had forgotten 15 the door, so I got up 16 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 17 , the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 18 there. It took me a minute or two to 19 the door myself. I realized that my companion 20 through the window into the sea.
I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered 13 as well as I could and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a 14 was coming from somewhere. I thought perhaps I had forgotten 15 the door, so I got up 16 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 17 , the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 18 there. It took me a minute or two to 19 the door myself. I realized that my companion 20 through the window into the sea.
1.
A reason
B motive
C cause
D sake
2.
A tired enough
B enough tired
C enough tiring
D enough tiring
3.
A is achieved
B finish
C is over
D is in the end
4.
A quite
B rather
C fairly
D somehow
5.
A arrived in
B reached to
C arrived to
D reached at
6.
A for seeing
B that I saw
C at seeing
D to see
7.
A being lonely
B to be lonely
C being alone
D to be alone
8.
A like
B as
C similar than
D the same that
9.
A in each place
B for all parts
C somewhere
D anywhere
10.
A a so
B so
C such a
D such
11.
A treat together well
B pass together well
C get on well together
D go by well together
12.
A him a single word
B him not one word
C a single word to him
D not one word to him
13.
A up me
B up myself
C up to myself
D myself up
14.
A draft
B voice
C air
D sound
15.
A to close
B closing
C to have to close
D for closing
16.
A to shut
B for shutting
C in shutting
D but shut
17.
A while doing like that
B as I did like that
C as I did so
D at doing so
18.
A It was no one
B There was no one
C It was anyone
D There was anyone
19.
A remind to lock
B remember to lock
C remind locking
D remember locking
20.
A had to jump
B was to have jumped
C must have jumped
D could be jumped
Part Ⅳ Translation
1.
For most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side. Inadequacy of energy resources of the technologies for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits to human beings and hence inconvenience, and constraints on its growth. The 1970"s, then, represented an turning point. Energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be believable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on a par with those of insufficient supply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.
The crucial question at the beginning of the 1990"s is whether the trend that began in the 1970"s will prove to be temporary or permanent. Is the era of cheap energy really over, or will a combination of new resources, new technology and changing geopolitics bring it back? One key determinant of the answer is the staggering scale of energy demand brought forth by 100 years of population growth and industrial demand.
Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on today"s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly, for most countries, from deeper in the earth and from imports whose reliability and affordability cannot be guaranteed.
Part Ⅴ Writing
1.
A. Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.
B. Your essay should meet the requirements below:
(1)describe the picture and interpret its meaning.
(2) point out the problem and give your comments.
答题卡