Section I    VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

1. 
Mark often attempts to escape ______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

2. 
There is some evidence ______ dishonesty may ebb and flow.

3. 
All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.

4. 
The project requires more labor than ______ because it is extremely difficult.

5. 
Chinese farmers are earning ______ money per capita today as they did fifteen years ago.

6. 
Whatever the causes, English is currently more widely spoken and written than any other language

7. 
Some companies have introduced ______ working time with less emphasis on pressure and more on efficiency.

8. 
Everyone pays the same tax rate, irrespective ______ whether they are married or single.

9. 
The purpose of a ______ is to cut down imports in order to protect domestic industry and workers from foreign competition.

10. 
In the darkness, it is difficult for us to ______ the tower from the other buildings around it.

11. 
There"s something ______ her that makes you most willing to take orders from her.

12. 
According to the weather forecast, which is usually ______, it will snow this afternoon.

13. 
Well-trained college graduates, especially those who have a good command of one or two foreign languages, are in great ______ in the labor market.

14. 
The president of the company ______ why the other members of the committee hadn"t been informed of this important news.

15. 
She refused to tell us the ______ of the news although we insisted that she should.

16. 
John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for life, that a person learns by doing, and that teaching must ______ the curiosity and creativity of children.

17. 
To ______ the world peace has been one of the most crucial functions of the United Nations since it was founded in 1945.

18. 
Mobile telecommunications ______ is expected to double in Shanghai this year as a result of a contract signed between the two companies.

19. 
John was very upset because he was ______ by the police with breaking the law.

20. 
David likes country life and has decided to ______ farming.

Section II    ClozeDirections: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choices the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

In 1999, the price of oil hovered around ＄16 a barrel. By 2008, it had  (21) ______  the ＄100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge  (22) ______  from the dramatic growth of the economies of China and India to widespread  (23) ______  in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria"s delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have  (24) ______  the economic and political map of the world,  (25) ______  some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities,  (26) ______  major importers—including China and India, home to a third of the world"s population—  (27) ______  rising economic and social costs.     Managing this new order is fast becoming a central  (28) ______   of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to  (29) ______   scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government,  (30) ______   how unpleasant, to do it.     In many poor nations with oil, the profits are being lost to corruption,  (31) ______  these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments,  (32) ______  some in the West see as a new threat.     Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil  (33) ______  , a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits,  (34) ______  costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany.  (35) ______  it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia  (36) ______  128 percent from 2001 to 2006.     In the United States, as already high gas prices rose  (37) ______  higher in the spring of 2008, the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama  (38) ______   for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to  (39) ______  , as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems  (40) ______   the country reported a sharp increase in riders.

Section III    Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Selling is the direct confrontation between the company and its customer. Management training and material tend to be devoted to “closing the sale”, "effective presentation skills", "use of visual aids" , and so on. The one aspect of selling which is often neglected is "prospecting(寻找可能的顾客)".    In advance of any direct selling activity or, indeed, any promotion, it is important to take time and allocate resources to prospecting for clients. Prospecting identifies buyers and makes the best use of time available for selling. It is the quality, not the quantity, of prospects that matters. Market segmentation(条块化) will show the market segment most likely to yield buyers, e.g. manufacturing companies with a turnover in excess of ￡5 million within 50 miles of your offices.    Building up a prime prospect file is the most valuable activity a salesperson can do. Once achieved, canvassing(游说顾客) is necessary only to "top up" the prospect reservoir when the level drops; that is, a prospect is converted to a customer, ceases to be a prime prospect and is replaced by another prime prospect.    The prospect file will help only if it is kept up to date and used systematically. A follow-up or bring-forward system will force you to plan your time effectively.    The selection of prospects can be done at the desk or by telephone. It involves a relatively low cost resource, compared with a field salesperson. The use of computers enables companies to develop a database of prospects which can be used interactively, depending on sales objectives or changes in strategy. By using a computerized marketing database, you can analyze important factors such as source of prospect/lead, date last called, change in staff.    A new sales in a market sector can open the door to acquiring a number of new prospects in this sector.

In 1985, the Coca-Cola company made the decision to change the formula(配方) of its leading soft drink. The change was based on the findings of many market studies. These studies had shown that the general response to the new product was good. However, the change of the traditional. Coca-Cola by New Coke was rejected by the majority of drinkers. In fact, the company had to step back and restart production of the old formula of Coca-Cola.    The most important reason why New Coke was rejected was the emotional relationship that existed between drinkers and the old soft drink formula, Drinking Coca-Cola had become a tradition for many people over its 99 years of existence. The change made by the company was not only in Coke"s formula but also in the traditional values and memories that it represented to the drinkers. "We had taken away more than the product Coca-Cola. We had taken away a little part of them and their past". The drinkers rejected this "improvement" because "they believed that Coke stood for traditional value,…so they felt betrayed when the product changed completely overnight".    Although a lot of research was done by Coca-Cola company, it didn"t show the depth of drinkers" emotion for the product. The studies took many forms, but none of the tests was able to measure the degree of personal and emotional reactions caused by the disappearance of the old, traditional Coca-Cola. The weakness of the research was that it was mainly quantitative in form. The result was only numbers that could not show the deep meaning the product had for many people. A more extensive study focusing on the qualitative aspects of the change would perhaps have been able to demonstrate the close relationship existing between drinkers and product.

There are more differences between the United States and Japan than conflicting values during World War II. Cultural and societal differences between the two nations and its peoples shaped beliefs and perceptions and thus interactions within those societies and between them as well.   The Japanese media made sure to cast the United States in a negative light during the war. Even afterward, they would distort everything from Ted Kennedy"s car accident and the death of Mary Jo Kopechne to important battles and events. During World War II, newspapers tried to give the public what they wanted for morale. Positive news was widely broadcast, but anything negative was also distorted or hidden. Sons or husbands who died during World War II were heroes, for sure, but the concept of suicide missions was unknown to the Japanese.   The dropping of "warning fliers" by the United States before the atomic bomb was let go is controversial. Some feel they were fair and that the Japanese denied their existence and failed to adequately warn the people. Others think they were a part of psychological warfare, really dropped after Anola Gay flew off to Hiroshima, and merely acting as a doubtful precursor of any future attacks.   The war and the role of the Japanese government caused uncertainty and hatred among the Japanese toward Americans. Any of the few white people living in Japan sometimes had their houses searched --- not by the government, but by curious neighbors. "What I never got used to was my home being searched; nothing ever stolen, just investigated frequently," said one American woman living in Japan at the time.   The Japanese looked upon Americans as crude and immoral, by their standards, as a melting pot without a culture of its own. They also underestimated America"s ability to unite for a cause and develop such a powerful bomb, perhaps because of the broadcasts by the Japanese media.   The United States citizens looked down upon the Japanese as well, disgusted by the brutality of medical experimentation on human subjects by the Japanese government. The treatment of POWs angered the United States as well; the notable photo of Australian Sgt. Leonard Siffleet about to be beheaded with a sword didn"t help with anti-Japanese sentiments, which probably began with the "sneak attack" on Pearl Harbor.   Similarly to the actions of the Japanese media during World War II, the United States felt it necessary to dehumanize the enemy with bombs. Their refusal to accept defeat angered and put off Americans, as did Japanese propaganda. Boycotts on Japanese products popped up in America.   Culture clashes continue to leave gaps between America and Japan. News of sexual slavery during WWII on the part of Japan, and anti-Japanese sentiments evident in American societal products and business, keep the nations apart.

Global energy demand is expected to triple by mid-century. The earth is unlikely to run out of fossil fuels by then, given its vast reserves of coal, but it seems unthinkable that we will continue to use them as we do now. It"s not just a question of supply and price, or even of the disease caused by filthy air. The terrorist assault on the World Trade Center raises other scary scenarios: how much easier would it be to crack open the Trans-Alaska pipeline and how much deadlier would it be to bomb a nuclear plant than to attack a wind arm?    Skeptics may recall the burst of enthusiasm for conservation and renewable power when oil prices quadrupled in the 1970s. State-funded energy research and development surged, while tax incentives boosted solar, wind and other alternatives to petroleum and the atom. But when oil supplies loosened and prices dropped in the early 1990s, governments lost interest. In the state of California, subsidies evaporated, pushing wind companies into bankruptcy.    Clean energy has long way to go. Only 2.2% of the world"s energy comes from "new" renewables such as small hydroelectric dams, wind, solar and geothermal. How to boost that share--and at what pace--is debated in industrialized nations--from Japan, which imports 99.7 % of its oil, to Germany, where the nearby Chernobyl accident turned the public against nuclear plants, to the U.S., where the Bush Administration has strong ties to the oil industry. But the momentum toward clean renewables is undeniable. How soon we reach an era of clean, inexhaustible energy depends on technology. Solar and wind energies are intermittent: When the sky is cloudy or the breeze dies down, fossil fuel or nuclear plants must kick into compensate. But scientists are working on better ways to store electricity from renewable sources.    While developed nations debate how to fuel their power plants, however, some 1.6 billion people--a quarter of the globe"s population--have no access to electricity or gasoline. Many spend their days collecting firewood and cow dung, burning it in primitive stoves that belch smoke into their lungs. To emerge from poverty, they need modern energy. And renewables can help. From village-scale hydropower to household photovoltaic systems to bio-gas stoves that convert dung into fuel.    Ultimately, the earth can meet its energy needs without fouling the environment. "But it won"t happen," asserts Thomas Johansson, an energy adviser to the United Nations Development Program, "without political will." To begin with, widespread government subsidies for fossil fuels and nuclear energy must be dismantled to level the playing field for renewables. Moreover, government should pressure utility to meet targets for renewable sources of energy.

Section IV    TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.

1. 
我在《中国日报》四年的工作经历使我有信心申请这个有吸引力的工作。

Section V    Writing

1. 
Directions:In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.   以往许多人报考成人高校，是为圆文凭梦。如今，手持本科、硕士文凭，回头重新考大学的大有人在。据报道，今年报名全国成人高考的上海考生中，有390名本科毕业生，15名硕士生。