考博英语-268
(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)
Section ⅠListening Comprehension
略
Section ⅡStructure & Vocabu!ary

Part A
Choose the word or words below each sentence that best complete the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. 
Such an______act of hostility can only lead to war.

A overt
B episodic
C ample
D ultimate
2. 
A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or express the emotion that it______in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.

A reflects
B retains
C rouses
D radiates
3. 
______both in working life and everyday living to different sets of values, and expectations places a severe strain on the individual.

A Recreation
B Transaction
C Disclosure
D Exposure
4. 
I am to inform you, that you may, if you wish, attend the inquiry, and at the in spectors discretion state your case______or through an entrusted representative.

A in person
B in depth
C in secret
D in excess
5. 
In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, local art is thri ving by "being______," being open to all kinds of art.

A gratifying
B predominating
C excelling
D accommodating
6. 
Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to______regret.

A teem with
B brim with
C come with
D look with
7. 
Desert plants______two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.

A break down
B fall into
C differ in
D refer to
8. 
______the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8～10 minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.

A Turn off
B Turn over
C Turn down
D Turn up
9. 
The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide informa- tion in the______of investigations.

A case
B chase
C cause
D course
10. 
Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not______and should be avoided if possible.

A constructive
B productive
C descriptive
D relative
11. 
It would then be replaced by an interim government, which would______be re placed by a permanent government after four months.

A in step
B in turn
C in practice
D in haste
12. 
In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roar of aircraft engines which ______all other sounds.

A dwarfed
B diminished
C drowned
D devastated
13. 
Haven't I told you I don't want you keeping______with those awful riding about bicycle boys?

A company
B acquaintance
C friends
D place
14. 
Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ______every cheat in the marketplace.

A at the mercy of
B in lieu of
C by courtesy of
D for the price of
15. 
In some countries preschool education in nursery schools or kindergartens______ the 1st grade.

A leads
B precedes
C forwards
D advances
16. 
Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no______but to report him to the local police.

A time
B chance
C authority
D alternative
17. 
Since neither side was ready to______what was necessary for peace, hostility was resumed in 1980.

A precede
B recede
C concede
D intercede
18. 
There is only one difference between an old man and a young one. the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a______future behind him.

A splendid
B conspicuous
C uproarious
D imminent
19. 
That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only ______necessity.

A within reach of
B for fear of
C by means of
D in case of
20. 
Banks shall be unable to______, or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.

A write off
B put aside
C shrink from
D come over
Part B
In each o.f the following sentences there are .four parts underlined and marked A, B, C and D. Indicate which of the .four parts is incorrectly used. Mark the correspond ing letter of your choice by drawing a single bar across the square brackets on your ma chine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
21. 
The auctioneer must know fair accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling.
  • A. The auctioneer
  • B. fair
  • C. market values
  • D. he is


22. 
Children are among the most frequent victims of violent, drug-related crimes that have nothing doing with the cost of acquiring the drugs.
  • A.among
  • B. drug-related
  • C. that
  • D.doing with


23. 
A large collection of contemporary photographs, including some taken by Mary are on display at the museum.
  • A.A large collection
  • B.including
  • C.are
  • D.at


24. 
There is much in our life which we do not control and we are not even responsible for.
  • A.is
  • B.which
  • C.and we are
  • D.for


25. 
Capital inflows will also tend to increase the international value of the dollar, make it more difficult to sell U. S. exports.
  • A.inflows
  • B.tend to
  • C.make
  • D.exports


26. 
It can be argued that the problems, even something as fundamental as the ever-increased world population, have been caused by technological advance.
  • A.It can be argued
  • B.fundamental
  • C.ever-increased
  • D.have been caused


27. 
It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge as subjected to uncivilized behavior.
  • A.the most
  • B.good-tempered
  • C.to resist
  • D.as subjected


28. 
While experts in basic science are important, skilled talents should be the overridingmajority since they are at heavy demand in the market.
  • A.While
  • B.skilled talents
  • C. overriding
  • D.at heavy demand


29. 
Retailers offered deep discounts and extra hours this weekend in the bid to lureshoppers.
  • A.offered
  • B. deep
  • C.in the bid
  • D.to lure


30. 
The amendments of the laws on patent, trademark and copyright have enhanced protection of intellectual property rights and made them conform to WTO rules.
  • A.of
  • B.have enhanced
  • C.intellectual property
  • D.made them conform


Section Ⅲ Cloze
There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D .for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transi tion. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change. One of the more obvious  (46)  has occurred in the roles that women  (47)  . Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena,  (48)  main taining their family roles of nurturing and creating a(n)  (49)  that is a haven for all family members.  (50)  many women experience strain from trying to "do it all," they often enjoy the increased  (51)  that can result from playing multiple roles. As women's roles have changed, changing expectations about men's roles have become more  (52)  . Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility  (53)  the family provider. Probably the most significant change in men's roles, however, is in the emotional  (54)  of family life. Men are increasingly  (55)  to meet the emotional needs of their families,  (56)  their wives.
   In fact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become more sig nificant for marriage in general. Research on  (57)  marriage has changed over recent dec "ades points to the increasing importance of the emotional side of the relationships and the importance of sharing in the "emotion work"  (58)  to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent,  (59)  both partners nurture each other, attend and respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men's and women's roles are becoming increasingly more  (60)  .

31. 
A incidents
B changes
C results
D effects
32. 
A take
B do
C play
D show
33. 
A by
B while
C hence
D thus
34. 
A home
B garden
C arena
D paradise
35. 
A When
B Even though
C Since
D Nevertheless
36. 
A rewards
B profits
C privileges
D incomes
37. 
A general
B acceptable
C popular
D apparent
38. 
A as
B of
C from
D for
39. 
A section
B constituent
C domain
D point
40. 
A encouraged
B expected
C advised
D predicted
41. 
A not to mention
B as well as
C including
D especially
42. 
A how
B what
C why
D if
43. 
A but
B only
C enough
D necessary
44. 
A unless
B although
C where
D because
45. 
A pleasant
B important
C similar
D manageable
Section Ⅳ Reading Comprehension
Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by .four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1

   The man who invented Coca-Cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his fu neral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1831 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheeler. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In ]885, he registered a trade mark for something called French Wine Coea—Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant; a few months later he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, at tached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886—year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liber t~Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Cola. It was a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his flowing bookkeeper's script, presently devised a label, on which "Coca-Cola" was writ ten in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a re freshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.
   On a morning late in 1886, one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a dollop of Coca-cola. Druggists customarily stirred a tea spoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.

46. 
What does the passage tell us about John Styth Pemberton?
A He was highly respected by Atlantans.
B He ran a drug store that also sells wine.
C He had been a doctor until the Civil War.
D He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.
47. 
Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pemberton's Company?
A Skills to make French wine.
B Talent for drawing pictures.
C An acute sense of smell.
D Ability to work with numbers.
48. 
Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?
A He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmes's.
B He brought a quite profitable product into being.
C He observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.
D He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution.
49. 
One modification made of French Wine Coca formula was______.
A used beer bottles were chosen as containers
B the amount of caffeine in it was increased
C it was blended with oils instead of water
D cola nut extract was added to taste
50. 
According to the passage, Coca-Cola was in the first place prepared especially for______.
A the young as a soft drink
B a replacement of French Wine Coca
C the relief of a hangover
D a cure for the common headache
51. 
The last paragraph mainly tells______.
A the complaint against the lazy shop-assistant
B a real test of Coca-Cola as a headache cure
C the mediocre service of the drugstore
D a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola
2

   Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a "penny press" proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independ- ent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the bus iness community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for financial support upon polit ical party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superi or in their handling of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make .important journalistic advances.
   The first offerings of a penny paper tended to be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full de tail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social and economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too. A popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper be came a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leader ship. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering papers had reached.
   This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833. The Sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in comparison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports. It had a police re porter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold for six cents. By 1837 the Sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New York daily newspapers combined when the Sun first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald (1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Day's success founded the Philadelphia Public Ledger (1836) and the Baltimore Sun (1837). The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.

52. 
What does the first paragraph say about the "penny press"?
A It was known for its in-depth news reporting.
B It had an involvement with some political parties.
C It depended on the business community for survival.
D It aimed at pleasing the general publi
53. 
In its early days, a penny paper often______.
A paid much attention to political parties
B provided stories that hit the pubic taste
C offered penetrating editorials on various issues
D covered important news with inaccuracy
54. 
As the readership was growing more diverse, the penny paper______.
A improved its content
B changed its writing style
C developed a more sensational style
D became a tool for political parties
55. 
The underlined word "ventures" in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by______.
A editors
B reporters
C newspapers
D companies
56. 
What is true about the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore Sun?
A They turned out to be failures.
B They were later purchased by James Gordon Bennett.
C They were also founded by Benjamin Day.
D They became well-known newspapers in the U. S.
57. 
This passage is probably taken from a book on______.
A the work ethics of the American media
B the technique in news reporting
C the history of sensationalism in American media
D the impact of mass media on American society
3

   Forget what Virginia Woolf said about what a writer needs—a room of one's own. The writer she has in mind wasn't at work on a novel in cyberspace, one with multiple hyper texts, animated graphics and downloads of trance, charming music. For that you also need graphic interfaces, Real Player and maybe even a computer laboratory at Brown Universi ty. That was where Mark Amerika—his legally adopted name; don't ask him about his birth name—composed much of his novel Grammatron. But Grammatron isn't just a sto ry. It's an online narrative (grammatron. com) that uses the capabilities of cyberspace to tie the conventional story line into complicated knots. In the four years it took to produce—it was completed in ]997—each new advance in computer software became another potential story device.  "I became sort of dependent on the industry," jokes Amerika, who is also the author of two novels printed on paper.  "That's unusual for a writer, because if you just write on paper the ‘technology’ is pretty stable. "
   Nothing about Gramrnatron is stable. At its center, if there is one, is Abe Golam, the inventor of nanograph a quasi-mystical computer code that some unmystical corpora tions are itching to acquire. For much of the story, Abe wanders through Prague-23, a virtual "city" in cyberspace where visitors indulge in fantasy encounters and virtual sex, which can get fairly graphic. The reader wanders too,  because most of Grammatron's 1,000-plus text screens contain several passages in hypertext. To reach the next screen just double-click. But each of those hypertexts is a trapdoor that can plunge you down a differ ent pathway of the story. Choose one and you drop into a corporate-strategy memo. Choose another and there's a XXX-rated sexual rant. The story you read is in some sense file story you make.
   Amerika teaches digital art at the University of Colorado, where his students develop works that straddle the lines between art, film and literature.  "I tell them not to get caught up in mere plot," he says. Some avant-garde writers—Julio Cortazar, Italo Calvi no—have also experimented with novels that wander out of their author's control.  "But what makes the Net so exciting," says Amerika,  "is that you can add sound, randomly generated links, 3-D modeling, animation. " That room of one's Own is turning into a fun house.

58. 
The passage is mainly to tell______.
A differences between conventional and modern novels
B how Mark Amerika composed his novel Grammatron
C common features of all modern electronic novels
D why Mark Amerika took on a new way of writing
59. 
Why does the author ask the reader to forget what Virginia Woolf said about the necessities of a writer.9
A Modern writers can share rooms to do the writing.
B It is not necessarily that a writer writes inside a room.
C Modern writers will get nowhere without a word processor.
D It is no longer sufficient for the writing in cyberspac
60. 
As an on-line narrative, Grammatron is anything but stable because it______.
A provides potentials for the story development
B is one of the novels at gramatron, com
C can be downloaded free of charge
D boasts of the best among cyber stories
61. 
By saying that he became sort of dependent on the industry, Mark Amerika meant that______.
A he could not help but set his Crrammatron and others in Industrial Revolution
B conventional writers had been increasingly challenged by high technology
C much of his Grammatron had proved to be cybernetic dependent
D he couldn't care less new advance in computer software
62. 
As the passage shows, Grammatron makes it possible for readers to______.
A adapt the story for a video version
B "walk in" the story and interact with it
C develop the plots within the author's control
D steal the show and become the main character
63. 
Amerika told his students not to______.
A immerse themselves only in creating the plot
B be captivated by the plot alone while reading
C be lagged far behind in the plot development
D let their plot get lost in the on-going story
4

   In 1993, a mall security camera captured a shaky image of two 10-year-old boys lead ing a much smaller boy out of a Liverpool, England, shopping center. The boys lured James Bulger away from his mother, who was shopping, and led him on a long walk across town. The excursion ended at a railroad track. There, inexplicably, the older boys tortured the toddler, kicking him, smearing paint on his face and pummeling him to death with bricks before leaving him on the track to be dismembered by a train. The boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, then went off to watch cartoon.
   Today the boys are 18-year-old men, and after spending eight years in juvenile facili ties, they have been deemed fit for release--probably this spring. The dilemma now con fronting the English justice system is how to reintegrate the notorious duo into a society that remains horrified by their crimes and skeptical about their rehabilitation. Last week Judge Elizabeth Butler-Sloss decided the young men were in so much danger that they nee ded an unprecedented shield to protect them upon release. For the rest of their lives, Ven ables and Thompson will have a right to anonymity. All English media outlets are banned from publishing any information about their whereabouts or the new identities the govern ment will help them establish. Photos of the two or even details about their current looks are also prohibited.
   In the U. S. , which is harder on juvenile criminals than England, such a ruling seems inconceivable.  "We're clearly the most punitive in the industrialized world," says Lau rence Steinberg, a Temple University professor who studies juvenile justice. Over the past decade, the trend in the U. S. has been to allow publication of ever more information about underage offenders. U. S. courts also give more weight to press freedom than English courts, which, for example, ban all video cameras.
   But even for Britain, the order is extraordinary. The victim's family is enraged, as are the ever-eager British tabloids.  "What right have they got to be given special protection as adults. " asks Bulger's mother Denise Fergus. Newspaper editorials have insisted that citi zens have a right to know if Venables or Thompson move in next door. Says Conservative Member of Parliament Humfrey Malins:  "It almost leaves you with the feeling that the nastier the crime, the greater the chance for a passport to a completely new life. \

64. 
What occurred as told at the beginning of the passage?
A Two ten-year-olds killed James by accident in play.
B James Bulger was killed by his two brothers.
C Two mischievous boys forged a train accident.
D A little kid was murdered by two older boys.
65. 
According to the passage, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson______.
A have been treated as juvenile delinquents
B have been held in protective custody for their murder game
C were caught while watching cartoons eight years ago
D have already served out their 10 years in prison
66. 
The British justice system is afraid that the two young men would______.
A hardly get accustomed to a horrifying general public
B be doomed to become social outcasts after release
C still remain dangerous and destructive if set free
D be inclined to commit a recurring crime
67. 
According to the British courts, after their return to society, the two adults will be______.
A banned from any kind of press interview
B kept under constant surveillance by police
C shielded from being identified as killers
D ordered to report to police their whereabouts
68. 
From the passage we can infer that a U. S. counterpart of Venables or Thompson would______.
A have no freedom to go wherever he wants
B serve a life imprisonment for the crime
C be forbidden to join many of his relatives
D no doubt receive massive publicity in the U. S.
69. 
As regards the mentioned justice ruling, the last paragraph mainly tells that______.
A it is controversial as it goes without precedent
B the British media are sure to do the contrary
C Bulger's family would enter all appeal against it
D Conservatives obviously conflict with Liberals
5

   Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor's office? The Silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online "virtual visits" between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 6,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that on line visits will mean employees won't have to skip work to tend to minor ailments or to fol low up on chronic conditions.  "With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time," says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies.
   Doctors aren't clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough un paid time on the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are in terested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue.  "We are not stupid," says Stifling Somers, executive director of the Silicon Valley employers group.  "Doctors getting paid is a critical piece in getting this to work. " In the pilot program, physicians will get $ 20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit.
   Doctors also fear they'll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what's needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by
Healinx, an Alameda, Calif-based start-up. Healinx's "Smart Symptom Wizard" ques
tions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treat ment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face-to-face visit.
   Can E-mail replace the doctor's office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require stethoscope to discover what's wrong and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor's groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor's visits offer a "very narrow" sliver of service between phone calls to an advice nurse and a visit to the clinic.
   The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internet's record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is "a huge roll of the dice for Healing", notes Michael Barrett, an analyst at Internet consulting firm Forester Research. If the "Web visits" succeed, expect some HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients aren't satis fied, figure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.

70. 
The Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose of______.
A rewarding their employees
B gratifying the local hospitals
C boosting worker productivity
D testing a sophisticated technology
71. 
What can be learned about the on-line doctors' visits?
A They are a quite promising business.
B They are funded by the local government.
C They are welcomed by all the patients.
D They are very much under experimentation.
72. 
Of the following people, who are not involved in the program?
A Cisco System employees.
B Advice nurses in the clinic.
C Doctors at three local hospitals.
D Oracle at three local hospitals.
73. 
According to Paragraph 2, doctors are______.
A reluctant to serve online for nothing
B not interested in Web consultation
C too tired to talk to the patients online
D content with﹩20 paid per Web visit
74. 
"Smart Symptom Wizard" is capable of______.
A making diagnoses
B producing prescriptions
C profiling patients' illness
D offering a treatment plan
75. 
It can be inferred from the passage that the future of online visits will mostly de pend on whether______.
A the employers would remain confident in them
B they could effectively replace office visits
C 
HMOs would cover the cost of the service
   D．new technologies would be available to improve the E-health project
Section Ⅴ Translation
Put the following passage into English．Write your English version,in the proper space on the ANSWER SHEET．
1. 
伟大艺术的美学鉴赏和伟大的科学观念的理解都需要智慧。但是，随后的感受升华和 情感又是分开的。没有情感的因素，我们的智慧很难开创新道路；没有智慧，情感也无法 达到完美成果。艺术和科学事实上是一个硬币的两面。它们源于人类活动最高尚的部分， 都追求着深刻性、普遍性、永恒性和富有意义。

Section Ⅵ Writing
Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below． Write it neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．
1. 
Recently，a newspaper carried an article entitled：“We Should No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics．”The article argued that some art ists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people in the People’s Con gress or the People’s Political Consultative Conference，and they should not be forced to do so．What do you think?