Most of us find the forgetting easier, but maybe we should work on the forgiving part. "Holding on to hurts and nursing grudges wear you down physically and emotionally," says Stanford University psychologist Fred Luskin, author of Forgive for Good. "Forgiving someone can be a powerful antidote."
   In a recent study, Charlotte, assistant/associate professor of psychology at Hope College in Holland, Michigan; and this colleagues asked 71 volunteers to remember a past hurt. Tests recorded the highest blood pressure, heart rate and muscle tension—the same responses that occur when people are angry. Research has linked anger and heart disease. When the volunteers were asked to imagine empathizing, even forgiving those who had wronged them, they remained calm by comparison.
   What's more, forgiveness can be learned, insists Luskin, director of the Stanford Forgive- ness Project, "We teach people to rewrite their story in their minds, to change from victim to he- m. If the hurt is from a spouse's infidelity, we might encourage them to think of themselves not only as a person who was cheated on, but as the person who tried to keep the marriage together.
   Two years ago, Luskin tested his method on 5 Northern Irish women whose sons had been murdered. After undergoing a week of forgiveness training, the women's sense of hurt, measured using psychological tests, had fallen by more than half. They were also much less likely to feel depressed and angry. "Forgiving isn't about forgetting what happened," says Luskin. "It is about breaking free of the person who wronged us."
   The early signs that forgiving improves overall health are promising: A survey of 1,423 adults by the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research in 2001 found that people who had forgiven someone in their past also reported being in better health than those who hadn't.
   However, while 75% said they were sure God had forgiven them for past mistakes, only
52% had been able to find it in their hearts to forgive others. Forgiveness; it seems, is still divine.

Crossing Wesleyan University's campus usually requires walking over colorful messages chalked on the ground. They can be as innocent as meeting announcements, but in a growing number of cases the language is meant to shock. It's not uncommon, for instance, to see lewd reference to professors' sexual preferences scrawled across a path or the mention of the word "Nig" that African-American students say make them feel uncomfortable.
   In resp0nse, officials and students at schools are now debating ways to lead their communities away from forms of expression that offend or harass. In the process, they're putting up against the difficulties of regulating speech at institutions that pride themselves on fostering open debate.
   Mr. Bennet of Wesleyan says he had gotten used to seeing occasional chalkings filled with four-letter words. Campus tradition made any horizontal surface not attached to a building a potential billboard. But when chalkings began taking on a more threatening and obscene tone, Bennet deeided to act. "This is not acceptable in a workplace and not acceptable in an institution of higher learning," Bennet says. For now, Bennet is seeking input about what kind of message-posting policy the school should adopt. The student assembly recently passed a resolution saying the "right to speech comes with implicit responsibilities to respect community standards".
   Other public universities have confronted problems this year while considering various ways of regulating where students can express themselves. At Harvard Law School, the recent controversy was more linked to the academic setting. Minority students there are seeking to curb what they consider harassing speech in the wake of a series of incidents last spring.
   At a meeting held by the "Committee on Health Diversity" last week, the school's Black Law Students Association endorsed a policy targeting discriminatory harassment. It would trigger a review by school officials if there were charges of "severe or pervasive conduct" by students or faculty. The policy would cover harassment based on, but not limited to, factors such as race, religion, creed, sexual orientation, national origin, and ethnicity.
   Boston attorney Harvey Silverglate, says other schools have adopted similar harassment policies that are actually speech codes, punishing students for raising certain ideas.  "Restricting students from saying anything that would be perceived ns very unpleasant by another student continues uninterrupted," says Silverglate, who attended the Harvard Law Town Meeting last week.

Ever hear of the lemming? Lemmings are arctic rat-like animals with very odd habits: periodically, for unknown reasons, they mass together in large herd and commit suicide by rushing into deep water and drowning themselves. They all run in together, blindly, and not one of them ever seems to stop and ask, "Why am I doing this? Is this really what I 'want to do?" and thus save it serf from destruction. Obviously, lemmings are driven to perform their strange suicide rites by common instinct. People choose to "follow the herd" for more complex reasons, yet we are still too often the unwilling victims of the bandwagon appeal.
   Essentially, the bandwagon urges us to an action or an opinion because it is popular—be- cause "everyone else is doing it." This call to "get on the bandwagon" appeals to the strong de- sire in most of us to be one of the crowd, not to be left out or alone. Advertising makes extensive use of the bandwagon appeal, bat so do politicians. Senator Yakalot uses the bandwagon appeal when he says "more and more citizens are rallying to my cause every day," and asks his audience to "join them—and me—in our fight for America."
   One of the ways we can see the bandwagon appeal at work is in the overwhelming success of various fashions and trends, which capture the interests of thousands of people for a short time, then disappear suddenly and completely. For a year or two in the 1950S every child in North America wanted a coonskin cap so that they could be like Davy Crockett; no one wanted to be left out. After that there was the hula-hoop craze that helped to dislocate thousands of Americans.
   The problem here is obvious: just because everyone's doing it doesn't mean that we should too. Group approval does not approve that something is true or is worth doing: Large numbers of people have supported actions we now condemn. Just a generation ago, Hitler and Mussolini rose to absolute and destructive rule in two of the most cultured countries of Europe. When they came into power they won by massive popular support from millions of people who didn't want to be "left out" at a. great historical moment.
   As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or distracting our attention from the real issues at hand. But there's third way that propaganda can be put to work against us—by use of faulty logic. This approach is really subtler than the other two because it gives the appearance of reasonable, fair argument. It is only when we look more closely that the holes in logic fiber show up.

Think of the ocean on a calm day. Ignoring the rise and fall of the waves, you might imagine the surface was dead flat the whole way across. You'd be wrong. Hills and valleys are as much as a feature of the sea as the land, although on a much smaller scale.
   These undulations have a variety of causes. Tides, currents, eddies, winds, river flow and changes in salinity and temperature push the sea level up in some places and down in others by as much as 2 meters. Ever tried swimming uphill?
   How do we map these oceanic hills and valleys? First, we need to know what the planet would look like without them. This is where the geoid (大地水准面) comes in. It is a surface where the Earth's gravitational potential is equal and which best fits the global mean sea level. It is approximately an ellipsoid, though uneven distribution of mass within the Earth means that it can vary from this ideal by up to 150 meters.
   The geoid represents the shape the sea surface would be if the oceans were net moving and affected only by gravity. Thus it can be used as a reference to measure any deviations in the ocean surface height that aren't caused by gravity—the hills and valleys, for instance, or any regional increase in sea level.
   So how do you measure the geoid and the ocean's irregular topography? It's complicated. Geophysicists calculate the geoid using data on variation in gravitational acceleration from several dozen satellites.
   The hills and valleys of the oceans are all very interesting, but can the geoid tell us anything more significant about the state of the planet? It certainly can. Knowing accurately where the geoid lies and how the Ocean surface deviates from it will help meteorologists spot changes in Ocean currents associated with climate change. The circumpolar current around Antarctic is one they are particularly interested in.
   It can also predict local climate variations produced by events such as El Nino, El Nino keeps warm water that would normally move westwards close to the coast of South America, deprives Southeast Asia of its monsoon rains, and increases rainfall on the west coast of the Ametlca. Since temperature changes cause changes in sea level, geoid-watchers should be able to prepare us before it strikes.

When I heard that Mrs. Thacher resigned, I called her. I wanted her to know that my heart was ______ her.
   A. for             B. of             C. in             D. with

Gentleness has been considered a ______ trait.
   A. boyish          B. delicate        C. feminine        D. male

We know that this is true, but ______ we recognize this truth only in our backward glance.
   A. all too often     B. too often       C. all too late      D. too late

The retiring professor was ______ by his colleague.
   A. criticized        B. exalted         C. driven out      D. examined

He is honest.  His actions are always ______ his words.
   A. contradictory to  B. contradicted by C. agreed with     D. consistent with

Life is never just ______.
   A. living           B. being          C. existing         D. going

The lady ______ her skirt by sitting on the seat while flying.
   A. disordered       B. disarranged    C. creased         D. crashed

You must always be ready to sacrifice ______ to duty.
   A. inclination      B. tendency       C. interest         D. career

In many countries now, smoking is not ______ in public places.
   A. permissive       B. permissible    C. permutable     D. pernicious

His pleasant ways ______ me into thinking that he was my good friend.
     A. deprived       B. despised       C. diverted        D. beguiled

______ animals must be kept in cages in case they might hurt the tourists.
      A. Land           B. Domestic       C. Vicious         D. Farm

Almost overnight, Ames became a hero of environmentalists when his finding led to new and ______ bans on certain chemicals.
     A. regulations     B. authorities     C. orders          D. suggestions

The ______ noise whistles kept me awake all night.
     A. incarnate       B. incessant       C. repetitious      D. rampant

The baby seems content; he must have ______ his new nursemaid.
     A. taken to        B. taken after     C. taken from      D. taken in

He had either to leave the country immediately or to surrender himself to the Nazi authorities, and had no other ______.
     A. alternative     B. hope           C. resource        D. approach

A good sense of rhythm is one of his natural ______ as a poet.
     A. endowments                       B. interest
     C. weaknesses                        D. accomplishments

All his attempts to argue about the rightness were ______.
     A. futile                            B. not important
     C. effective in use                    D. without reason

I am ______ lowbrow, admire the highbrow all the more for his patronizing type.
     A. conceiting      B. humble        C. overweening    D. poor

Lowbrows are quite ______ for highbrows to have their symphonies and their Russian novels.
     A. content        B. contained      C. capacity        D. yearning

As the speed of change brings design ______ fashion, then decisions about taste will have to be made more and more regularly.
    A. near to         B. nearer to       C. next to         D. close to

The dark clouds suggest a (n) ______ storm.
    A. impending     B. surprising      C. fast           D. unexpected

To our grief, he became ______ to the drug.
    A. addicted       B. interested      C. amused         D. disturbed

Being a foreigner, Cad did not ______ to the joke.
    A. appreciate      B. catch on        C. laugh           D. like

Talks on climate change resumed in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to ______ global warming.
    A. foeus on       B. combat        C. settle down     D. sum up

His parents ______ him to enlist when he was seventeen.
      A. permitted      B. committed     C. made           D. enabled

______ may think they are better than the facts would justify.
     A. Optimists      B. Pessimists      C. Cynieists       D. Humorists

He quickly ______ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction.
     A. ducked        B. evaded         C. escaped        D. dodged

By isolating negative words and phrases, you can ______ the damage you're doing to yourself.
     A. point out      B. point          C. pinpoint        D. get

It did the ______ service of freeing us from the dilemma.
     A. immense       B. much          C. lot of           D. innumerous

Sports, and not learning, seem to ______ in that school.
     A. appear         B. occupy         C. dominate       D. lead

The local people could hardly think of any good way to ______ poverty they had endured.
     A. shake off      B. ward off       C. put off         D. take off

As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming ______ The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.
    A. interruption                        B. description
     C. qualification                       D. contradiction

His meeting with Picasso was an important ______ in the artist's life.
    A. lesson          B. episode        C. scene           D. chapter

Borders these days have little meaning for Singapore-based regional ______ of electronics firms like Sanyo and Philips.
    A. executives      B. officials        C. governors       D. servants

Unfortunately, the woman's hat ______ my view of the stage.
    A. blocked up     B. obstructed     C. prevented       D. interfered

Meantime, road construction is ______ on the site of a proposed Tuman River Triangle.
    A. under way     B. in the way     C. of the way      D. by way

Everyone knows that the firefly is a(n) ______ insect.
    A. firing          B. lighting        C. aluminiferous   D. glowing

Preferential policies and ready cooperation do play a role in ______ poverty.
    A. alleviating     B. activating      C. assaulting       D. accustoming

The fact that these regions are ______ in natural resources doesn't mean local people are well off.
     A. adorable       B. accessible      C. abundant       D. ambient

In spite of a problem with the ______ equipment, some very useful work was accomplished.
     A. imperfect      B. temporary      C. emergency      D. reinstalled

There is on question but that Newton was a highly competent Minister of Mint. It was mainly through his efforts  (1)   the English currency was put on the satisfactory basis at a difficult time.  (2)   discovered a relationship between prices and the amount of money in circulation, which  (3)   later formalized in the so-called "quality  (4)   of money: if the amount of currency in circulaton is doubled--other things  (5)   the same--then prices also will approximately double. This is a simple application  (6)   the principle that it is impossible to get something for nothing, but apparently  it took someone like Newton to discover it. There is an obvious comparison with  Copernicus, who  (7)  the Polish government on currency questions and in doing so  discovered another important  (8)  (usually known as Gresham's Law): when bad money  is accepted as legal tender,  (9)   money will be driven out of  (10)  . Copernicus anticipated Gresham in the formation of this law.

61. 
A. which           B. why           C. that           D. for

62. 
A. It               B. He            C. Was           D. We

63. 
A. too              B. was           C. they           D. has

64. 
A. theory           B. them          C. thesis         D. proposal

65. 
A. stay             B. much          C. remaining      D. be

66. 
A. for              B. of             C. calling       D. by

67. 
A. talked         B. advised        C. formed        D. created

68. 
A. true             B. legend         C. theme         D. law

69. 
A. good           B. much         C. bad          D. some

70. 
A. work           B. function       C. marketing      D. circulation

61.Next to Sir Andrew in the clubroom sits Captain Sentry, a gentleman of great courage, good understanding, but invincible modesty. He is one of those that deserve very well, but are very, awkward at putting their talents within the observation of such as should take notice of them. He was some years a captain, and behaved himself with great gallantry in several engagements and at several sieges; but having a small estate of his own, and being next heir to Sir Roger, he has quitted a way of life in which no man can rise suitably to his merit, who is not something of a courtier as well as a soldier. 62. I have heard him often lament that in a profession where merit is placed in so conspicuous a view, impudence should get the better of modesty. When he had talked to this purpose, I never heard him make a sour expression, but frankly confess that he left the world because he was not fit for it. 63. A strict honesty, and an even regular behavior, are in themselves obstacles to him that must press through crowds, who endeavor at the same end with himself, the favor of a commander. 64. He will, however, in his way of talk excuse generals for not disposing according to men's deserts, or inquiring into it; for, says he, that the great man who has a mind to help me, has as many to break through to come at me, as I have to come at him: therefore he will conclude that the man who would make a figure, especially in a military way, must get over all false modesty, and assist his patron against the importunity of other pretenders,  by a proper assurance in his own vindication. He says it is a civil cowardice to be backward in asserting what you ought to expect, as it is a military fear to be slow in attacking when it is your duty. With this candor does the gentleman speak of himself and others. The same frankness runs through all his conversation. The military part of his life has furnished him with many adventures, in the relation of which he is very agreeable to the company; for he is never overbearing, though accustomed to command men in the utmost degree below him; nor ever too obsequious, from a habit of obeying men highly above him.

71. 

72. 

73. 

74.