清华大学考博英语-9
(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary
Directions: There are forty incomplete sentences in this part, For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best one that completes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with single line through the center.
Directions: There are forty incomplete sentences in this part, For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best one that completes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with single line through the center.
1.
She is a woman of ______ who has never abandoned her principles for the
sake of her own benefits.
A B C D
2.
Many important mistakes have been escaping ______, and a lot of money
has been lost as a result.
A B C D
3.
I say that not to persuade you, but merely to ______ my conscience.
A B C D
4.
When he left high school, he ______ to go to college and study for a
degree, rather than get a job straight away.
A B C D
5.
Arithmetic is one fundamental science, ______ all other physical
sciences.
A B C D
6.
In the professions where women ______ numerically, it would be
reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions.
A B C D
7.
Last year our school football team won four ______ games.
A B C D
8.
I can't possibly mark your homework; your handwriting is ______.
A B C D
9.
Another big issue ______ the nation is the problem of the education of
its citizens.
A B C D
10.
The relation of the earth on its axis is responsible for the ______ of
periods of light and darkness.
A B C D
11.
As the artist was ______ to pollen, he seldom went into the country to
sketch the natural beauty in spring.
A B C D
12.
The virus attacks the plant, the flower does not open, and ______ no
seeds are produced.
A B C D
13.
The medicine was supposed to cure all kinds of ______, ranging from
colds to back pains.
A B C D
14.
Mass production is ______ only in an economy with a highly developed
technology.
A B C D
15.
His past affection for Jane ______ any new relationship impossible for
him.
A B C D
16.
With a candle in hand, he carefully ______ the narrow stairs to his
bedroom.
A B C D
17.
Some plants are ______ to disease and must be taken good care of for
the whole growing period.
A B C D
18.
The best films are those which ______ national or cultural barriers.
A B C D
19.
Such occupations were so ______ as to be unworthy of his full
attention.
A B C D
20.
Despite his unsuccessful career, he was ______ to think that he at
least had a warm family to turn to.
A B C D
21.
For years the girl had harbored her ______ against her stepmother.
Today, she finally got the courage to speak it out.
A B C D
22.
The doctor was in a ______ as to whether to tell the patient the truth
or a lie.
A B C D
23.
______ from power, he had to go back to his hometown and toil in his
little farm.
A B C D
24.
Watching news program at night has become an ______ part of the lives
of most people in big cities.
A B C D
25.
He finally agreed to sign the agreement with us, but with some ______.
A B C D
26.
"We didn't want to displease our most ______ supporters, therefore, we
have provided them with the opportunity of getting extra tickets to any game
this year," said the manager of the football club.
A B C D
27.
Soil ______ is a natural process. It becomes a problem when human
activity causes it to occur much faster than under natural conditions.
A B C D
28.
Poverty and domestic violence make it easy for her to trust that bad
things will happen and take this ______ happiness away.
A B C D
29.
Though this book was written more than 50 years ago, it has a
relatively contemporary appeal, and its ______ plotting will amuse mystery
lovers.
A B C D
30.
"The project goal is for students to build complex and interesting
sentences, and ______ , whole paragraphs," The teacher explains.
A B C D
31.
Hypertension places stress on a number of organs (called target
organs), including the kidney, eyes, and heart, causing them to ______ over
time.
A B C D
32.
To take revenge of the defeat last year, each player was making his
______ to win the match, Even their fans were cheering for them.
A B C D
33.
Like most other American companies with a rigid ______, workers and
managers have strictly defined duties.
A B C D
34.
To maintain a leading position in the market, companies have to
develop products which are cheaper, more ______ and more reliable than those of
their competitors.
A B C D
35.
Working in the customs, I feel both exciting and challenging, for I
have to face the difficulties of dealing with ______ groups of people.
A B C D
36.
Competitors from more than a hundred countries have ______ in Los
Angeles for the Olympic Games.
A B C D
37.
The environmental movement is ______ to the widespread feelings of
support for nature's in heritage in recent decades.
A B C D
38.
In the ______ chapters, the professor has traced the redefinition of
Britain's global position in recent decades.
A B C D
39.
It is our firm ______ that a step forward has been taken and will
bring the country back to economic prosperity.
A B C D
40.
Due to sluggish market conditions, the factory's workforce has ______
from over 4,000 to a few hundred.
A B C D
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given end mark the Corresponding letter with a single bar a cross the square brackets on your machine scoring Answer Sheet.
Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given end mark the Corresponding letter with a single bar a cross the square brackets on your machine scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage One
How many things can you see in the night sky? A lot!
On a clear night you might see the Moon, some planets, and thousands of
sparkling stars.
You can see even more with a telescope. You might see stars where before you only saw dark space. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue. With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects in the sky. And you can see those objects in more and more details.
But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see. We won't see them with the biggest telescope in the world, on the clearest night of the year. That's because they're Invisible. They're the mysterious dead stars called black holes.
You might find it hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesn't seem to be getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.
As a star's gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to die.
As the star cools, the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center. The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball. If the star was very small, the star ends up as a cold. dark ball called a black dwarf. If the star was very big, it keeps squashing inward until it's packed together tighter than anything in the universe.
Imagine if the each were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble. That's how tightly this dead star, a black hole is packed. What pulls the star in toward its center with such power?. It's the same force that pulls you down when you jump--the force called gravity. A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everything--even light. The light from black hole can never come back to your eyes. That's why you see nothing but blackness.
So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember: there's more in the sky than meets the eyes! Scattered in the silent darkness are black holes--the great mystery of space.
You can see even more with a telescope. You might see stars where before you only saw dark space. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue. With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects in the sky. And you can see those objects in more and more details.
But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see. We won't see them with the biggest telescope in the world, on the clearest night of the year. That's because they're Invisible. They're the mysterious dead stars called black holes.
You might find it hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesn't seem to be getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.
As a star's gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to die.
As the star cools, the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center. The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball. If the star was very small, the star ends up as a cold. dark ball called a black dwarf. If the star was very big, it keeps squashing inward until it's packed together tighter than anything in the universe.
Imagine if the each were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble. That's how tightly this dead star, a black hole is packed. What pulls the star in toward its center with such power?. It's the same force that pulls you down when you jump--the force called gravity. A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everything--even light. The light from black hole can never come back to your eyes. That's why you see nothing but blackness.
So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember: there's more in the sky than meets the eyes! Scattered in the silent darkness are black holes--the great mystery of space.
1.
According to the article, what causes a star to die?
A B C D
2.
Which of the following statements is NOT a fact?
A B C D
3.
What happens AFTER a star dies?
A B C D
4.
Why can't you see light when you look at a black hole?
A B C D
5.
What is the main idea of the article?
A B C D
Passage Two
By far the most common difficulty in study is simple
failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much
greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of
study. Many students muddle along, doing a bit of this subject or that, as the
mood lakes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible
moment.
Few students work to a set timetable. They say that ff they did construct a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it, or would have to alter it constantly, since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be.
There are many who stay away from the self-regimentation of a weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a definite program of work. Many able students claim that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it intensively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be confessed that we do not fully understand the complexities of the motivation to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become conditioned to a work routine, and the majority of really productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important aspects or their work. The "tough-minded" school of workers is usually very contemptuous of the idea that good work can only be done spontaneously, under the influence of inspiration.
Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of "freedom". Freedom from restraint and discipline leads to unhappiness rather than to "self-expression" or "personality development". Our society insists on regular habits, time keeping and punctuality and whether we like it or not, if we mean Io make our way in society we have to comply with its demands.
Few students work to a set timetable. They say that ff they did construct a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it, or would have to alter it constantly, since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be.
There are many who stay away from the self-regimentation of a weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a definite program of work. Many able students claim that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it intensively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be confessed that we do not fully understand the complexities of the motivation to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become conditioned to a work routine, and the majority of really productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important aspects or their work. The "tough-minded" school of workers is usually very contemptuous of the idea that good work can only be done spontaneously, under the influence of inspiration.
Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of "freedom". Freedom from restraint and discipline leads to unhappiness rather than to "self-expression" or "personality development". Our society insists on regular habits, time keeping and punctuality and whether we like it or not, if we mean Io make our way in society we have to comply with its demands.
1.
The most widespread problem on applying oneself to study is that of
______.
A B C D
2.
According to the passage, there are many students who ______.
A B C D
3.
Those workers with strict views on work ______.
A B C D
4.
In Paragraph 4 "as the fit lakes them" means ______.
A B C D
5.
A suitable title for this passage might be ______.
A B C D
Passage Three
Every year thousands of people are arrested and
taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about HK$ 3,000,000's worth
of goods are stolen from shops every week. As a result of this "shrinkage" as
the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.
Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateurs, and the people who just can't help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting.
The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the coups.
The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of ship-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age sickness or plain absentmindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops.
In order to prevent the growth on ship-lifting offences, some stores, in fact are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in anther form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999,999 passengers much Subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years' time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!
Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateurs, and the people who just can't help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting.
The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the coups.
The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of ship-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age sickness or plain absentmindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops.
In order to prevent the growth on ship-lifting offences, some stores, in fact are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in anther form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999,999 passengers much Subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years' time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!
1.
Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to
the shops?
A B C D
2.
The third group of people steal things because they ______.
A B C D
3.
According to the passage law-abiding citizens ______.
A B C D
4.
Which of the following is NOT true about the main types of
shop-lifting?
A B C D
5.
The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that ______.
A B C D
Passage Four
There are three general methods people use to
explain and understand their world, beliefs, pseudoscience, and
science.
What are beliefs? Well, simply put, beliefs are what you believe to be true. In this first method of interpreting man and the world, certain people proved the information about how the world works. Their teachings are beyond question. Their followers accept these beliefs because they want to accept them, not because of scientific evidence. Some examples are religions, such as Christianity. Christians believe in one God. who created the universe and all that is in it. They believe that this God is active in history, guiding and teaching His people. Like many religions, Christianity provides a number of specific moral rules and principles that make up an important part of its teachings. Superstitions, such as Fung Shui, are also common examples of beliefs.
Pseudoscience, also called fake science, is any body or knowledge, methodology, belief, or practice that claims to be scientific or is made to appear scientific, but is actually not. In pseudoscience, people accept opinions, or choose to believe certain facts while intentionally ignoring others, resulting in a false understanding of things and events. Beliefs in magic, monsters, and ghosts fall into this category. Both Chinese Qigong and Indian Yoga are very good physical exercises that can help their practitioners keep fit, but when some magical power, they are turning Qigong or Yoga into pseudoscience. Many people follow pseudoscience be-cause belief in magic or mysterious powers is entertaining. Astrology has millions of followers all around the world, not because it helps them deal with the world in any better way, only because it is just fun.
Of the three methods, only science provides a rational way of understanding the world. It does not provide a moral system as religion does and it may not always be as entertaining as pseudoscience sometimes is, but it is the only method that requires constant testing of facts, beliefs and ideas, resulting in changing theories as we get new information. Science teaches us to draw conclusions based on evidence and it also teaches us that some evidence is stronger than other evidence, and how to judge the evidence. Through our study of science, we learn to accept uncertainty, to question facts and theories, and to search constantly for truth.
Most of us use all three methods in different proportions to view our world. Some scientists believe in theories without supporting evidence. And the scientific method is often used for unscientific purposes. But science is the only method that is constantly changing. It does not depend on the teachings of one man. Each scientist builds on the work of others and his findings, in turn, are used by others to increase our knowledge of the world.
What are beliefs? Well, simply put, beliefs are what you believe to be true. In this first method of interpreting man and the world, certain people proved the information about how the world works. Their teachings are beyond question. Their followers accept these beliefs because they want to accept them, not because of scientific evidence. Some examples are religions, such as Christianity. Christians believe in one God. who created the universe and all that is in it. They believe that this God is active in history, guiding and teaching His people. Like many religions, Christianity provides a number of specific moral rules and principles that make up an important part of its teachings. Superstitions, such as Fung Shui, are also common examples of beliefs.
Pseudoscience, also called fake science, is any body or knowledge, methodology, belief, or practice that claims to be scientific or is made to appear scientific, but is actually not. In pseudoscience, people accept opinions, or choose to believe certain facts while intentionally ignoring others, resulting in a false understanding of things and events. Beliefs in magic, monsters, and ghosts fall into this category. Both Chinese Qigong and Indian Yoga are very good physical exercises that can help their practitioners keep fit, but when some magical power, they are turning Qigong or Yoga into pseudoscience. Many people follow pseudoscience be-cause belief in magic or mysterious powers is entertaining. Astrology has millions of followers all around the world, not because it helps them deal with the world in any better way, only because it is just fun.
Of the three methods, only science provides a rational way of understanding the world. It does not provide a moral system as religion does and it may not always be as entertaining as pseudoscience sometimes is, but it is the only method that requires constant testing of facts, beliefs and ideas, resulting in changing theories as we get new information. Science teaches us to draw conclusions based on evidence and it also teaches us that some evidence is stronger than other evidence, and how to judge the evidence. Through our study of science, we learn to accept uncertainty, to question facts and theories, and to search constantly for truth.
Most of us use all three methods in different proportions to view our world. Some scientists believe in theories without supporting evidence. And the scientific method is often used for unscientific purposes. But science is the only method that is constantly changing. It does not depend on the teachings of one man. Each scientist builds on the work of others and his findings, in turn, are used by others to increase our knowledge of the world.
1.
Which of the following would be a good title of the passage?
A B C D
2.
Which of the following is TRUE?
A B C D
3.
Which of the following is NOT true about science?
A B C D
4.Which of the following is TURE about pseudoscience? A. Qigong is pseudoscience. B. Pseudoscience provides no supporting evidence. C. Pseudoscience can be entertaining O. Pseudoscience has nothing to do with beliefs.
A B C D
5.
The word "astrology" (Paragraph 3) most probably refers to ______.
A B C D
Part Ⅲ Cloze
Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following
passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should
choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet,
The Japanese desire for marriage had been very strong. In the fifth "world youth attitude survey" 1 by the Management and coordination Agency in 1993, over 70 percent of the Japanese 2 chose the answers "One should get married" or "It’s better to get married." Of the 11 countries surveyed, Japan was 3 only by the Philippines in the percentage advocating marriage 4 opposed to a single life.
In recent years, however, there has been a spreading recognition among the Japanese public that something 5 is happening in people's attitudes toward marriage.
When they began to have adequate food, clothing and shelter years of postwar shortages and thus became able to 6 their attention to other matters, the Japanese for the first time 7 a renewed look at the question of marriage. In the 1990s,people began to ask "What on earth is marriage anyway?" and to talk about marriage itself.
In Japan. the proportion of men still unmarried in their thirties reached about 20 percent in the national census taken in 1985, and the 8 apparently exceeded 30 percent in 1995, The proportion of unmarried women in the 25-29 age bracket has been increasing 9 about 5 percent every five years until it is now nearly 50 percent.
What are the real reasons that women choose not to marry? Early on, two were 10 : women were now better educated and more women were interested in working outside the home. Many women have become 11 independent, acquiring enough self-confidence to 12 a meaningful life outside of marriage. And 13 seems to be a wide gap in the way men and women view marriage. Women generally believe that, 14 women's roles in Japan's postwar society have become diversified, men have essentially remained unchanged 15 such circumstances, communication between the sexes is, in fact, far from easy.
Besides that, in the postwar Japan, individualism has begun to lake 16 . The 50 years since the end of the war be regarded as process of a 17 from the family-centered to the individual-centered way of thinking. In Japan today, society has matured to a point 18 it now tolerates a diversity of marriage styles which were unthinkable not very long ago. In the future, such tolerance is almost 19 to in-crease. But a headlong plunge toward unbridled individualism is also dangerous. The ideal 20 may be to achieve a complementary fusion of the collectivism of Japan's traditional community and the individual-ism of the new age.
The Japanese desire for marriage had been very strong. In the fifth "world youth attitude survey" 1 by the Management and coordination Agency in 1993, over 70 percent of the Japanese 2 chose the answers "One should get married" or "It’s better to get married." Of the 11 countries surveyed, Japan was 3 only by the Philippines in the percentage advocating marriage 4 opposed to a single life.
In recent years, however, there has been a spreading recognition among the Japanese public that something 5 is happening in people's attitudes toward marriage.
When they began to have adequate food, clothing and shelter years of postwar shortages and thus became able to 6 their attention to other matters, the Japanese for the first time 7 a renewed look at the question of marriage. In the 1990s,people began to ask "What on earth is marriage anyway?" and to talk about marriage itself.
In Japan. the proportion of men still unmarried in their thirties reached about 20 percent in the national census taken in 1985, and the 8 apparently exceeded 30 percent in 1995, The proportion of unmarried women in the 25-29 age bracket has been increasing 9 about 5 percent every five years until it is now nearly 50 percent.
What are the real reasons that women choose not to marry? Early on, two were 10 : women were now better educated and more women were interested in working outside the home. Many women have become 11 independent, acquiring enough self-confidence to 12 a meaningful life outside of marriage. And 13 seems to be a wide gap in the way men and women view marriage. Women generally believe that, 14 women's roles in Japan's postwar society have become diversified, men have essentially remained unchanged 15 such circumstances, communication between the sexes is, in fact, far from easy.
Besides that, in the postwar Japan, individualism has begun to lake 16 . The 50 years since the end of the war be regarded as process of a 17 from the family-centered to the individual-centered way of thinking. In Japan today, society has matured to a point 18 it now tolerates a diversity of marriage styles which were unthinkable not very long ago. In the future, such tolerance is almost 19 to in-crease. But a headlong plunge toward unbridled individualism is also dangerous. The ideal 20 may be to achieve a complementary fusion of the collectivism of Japan's traditional community and the individual-ism of the new age.
1.
A B C D
2.
A B C D
3.
A B C D
4.
A B C D
5.
A B C D
6.
A B C D
7.
A B C D
8.
A B C D
9.
A B C D
10.
A B C D
11.
A B C D
12.
A B C D
13.
A B C D
14.
A B C D
15.
A B C D
16.
A B C D
17.
A B C D
18.
A B C D
19.
A B C D
20.
A B C D
Part Ⅳ Translation
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese, and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET.
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese, and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET.
1.Henry Paulson, Treasury Secretary, left Shanghai yesterday, where he made an end of the visit to the three countries in Asia. As the chief economic policy consultant and economic affairs spokesman of the America president, Paulson delivered a keynote address in Shanghai Futures Exchange. And the address was viewed as the latest exposition of the economic policies of the Bush-administration towards China. During the speech, Paulson repeatedly emphasized that China's economic growth has benefit but no threat to the global economic growth. He declared that America welcomes the development of China to become a member of the global economy.
Part Ⅴ Writing
1.
Directions：There is a picture below．Look at it
carefully and write a composition of about 250 words based on what it
conveys．
答题卡