清华大学考博英语-11
(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary
Directions: There are forty incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are tour choices marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best one that completes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with single line through the center.
1. 
Brass concert music was ______ to a new level in the 1880s when John Philip Sousa took over the U. S. Marine Band.
  • A. strengthened       
  • B. headed               
  • C. lifted                 
  • D. briefed
A  B  C  D  
2. 
Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the U. S. President when many businesses were ______ during the Great Depression.
  • A. failing             
  • B. incorporating         
  • C. buying stocks       
  • D. expanding
A  B  C  D  
3. 
Grand Teton National Park ______ the most scenic portion of the glaciated, snow-covered Teton Range.
  • A. excludes         
  • B. fulfils                 
  • C. dominates           
  • D. expanding
A  B  C  D  
4. 
4, Heat exhaustion is a condition caused by ______ to sunlight or another heat source which often results in dehydration and salt depletion.
  • A. a reaction to       
  • B. overexposure         
  • C. an limitation of       
  • D. an absence of
A  B  C  D  
5. 
Some authorities trace the jury system to Anglo Saxon or even more ______ Germanic times
  • A. remote           
  • B. similar               
  • C. austere             
  • D. barbaric
A  B  C  D  
6. 
Hydrogeology is the study of water and its properties, including its ______ and movement in and through land areas.
  • A. flow               
  • B. absorption           
  • C. distribution           
  • D. evaporation
A  B  C  D  
7. 
A person's psychological ______ has much to do with his or her happiness in life.
  • A. state             
  • B. territory             
  • C. interest             
  • D. nation
A  B  C  D  
8. 
Scientists generally hold that language has been so long in use that the length of time writing is known to cover is ______ in comparison.
  • A. overwhelming     
  • B. uninspiring             
  • C. astounding           
  • D. trifling
A  B  C  D  
9. 
The Lewis and Clark expedition ______ the territory of the Louiskana Purchase and beyond as far as the Pacific Ocean.
  • A. located             
  • B. searched             
  • C. exploited             
  • D. developed
A  B  C  D  
10. 
A loan refers to anything given on condition of its return or repayment of its ______.
  • A. excess           
  • B. debt                   
  • C. currency             
  • D. equivalent
A  B  C  D  
11. 
Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease that can be either acute or chronic and is frequently ______.
  • A. repeating       
  • B. terminal             
  • C. debilitating           
  • D. recurrent
A  B  C  D  
12. 
Mercury is the nearest planet to the sun and its period of ______ is 88 days.
  • A. movement       
  • B. evolution             
  • C. return               
  • D. revolution
A  B  C  D  
13. 
13 Monkeys are excellent climbers, and most are ______ tree dwellers.
  • A. often             
  • B. primarily           
  • C. rarely               
  • D. savagely
A  B  C  D  
14. 
The only safe way of distinguishing between edible and poisonous mushrooms is to learn to ______ the individual species.
  • A. identify           
  • B. classify             
  • C. isolate               
  • D. separate
A  B  C  D  
15. 
Nepal is a country in central Asia that is landlocked and ______ by the Himaiayas.
  • A. secluded         
  • B. bordered             
  • C. integrated             
  • D. opened
A  B  C  D  
16. 
As a salesman, he works on a ______ basis, taking 10% of everything he sells.
  • A. revenue           
  • B. commission           
  • C. salary                 
  • D. pension
A  B  C  D  
17. 
The leaders of the two countries are planning their summit meeting with a ______ to maintain and develop good ties.
  • A. score           
  • B. priority               
  • C. pledge               
  • D. reward
A  B  C  D  
18. 
The director of the research institute came in person to ______ that everything was all right.
  • A. make out         
  • B. make sure             
  • C. make clear           
  • D. make up
A  B  C  D  
19. 
Although the speaker was a well-known personality, his speech was poorly ______.
  • A. raised             
  • B. delivered             
  • C. lectured               
  • D. preached
A  B  C  D  
20. 
Would you please bring me some ______ catalogues? These are too old.
  • A. modern           
  • B. fashionable           
  • C. up-to-date           
  • D. out-of-date
A  B  C  D  
21. 
It is not considered ______ to pick one's teeth in public.
  • A. respectful       
  • B. respected           
  • C. respectable         
  • D. respective
A  B  C  D  
22. 
Beth could ______ her coat easily because it has large red buttons.
  • A. justify             
  • B. identify               
  • C. prove                 
  • D. test
A  B  C  D  
23. 
He was busy writing the essay all the morning, only ______ occasionally to have a cup of tea.
  • A. breaking off     
  • B. breaking out         
  • C. breaking             
  • D. breaking away
A  B  C  D  
24. 
The last guests to reach the hotel ______ at 12 o'clock at night.
  • A. checked out     
  • B. checked up           
  • C. checked in           
  • D. chock on
A  B  C  D  
25. 
Bill had been looking for his gloves for quite a while, which ______ eventually under a cushion.
  • A. turned up       
  • B. turned on           
  • C. turned down         
  • D. turned over
A  B  C  D  
26. 
On hearing the news that her father died of a car accident, she ______ tears.
  • A. burst out           
  • B. burst in                 
  • C. burst into               
  • D. burst forth
A  B  C  D  
27. 
The electronic computer is ______ some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains.
  • A. taking care       
  • B. taking in             
  • C. taking off             
  • D. taking over
A  B  C  D  
28. 
The picnic ______ at last after being twice postponed.
  • A. came off           
  • B. came up               
  • C. put on                 
  • D. went on
A  B  C  D  
29. 
He swallows his words so much that I can never ______ what he is saying.
  • A. make out           
  • B. put up                   
  • C. deal with               
  • D. take up
A  B  C  D  
30. 
If you ______ your influence, they may change their decision.
  • A. compel           
  • B. exert                   
  • C. expose                 
  • D. vary
A  B  C  D  
31. 
Do you have an afternoon ______ this week to meet the President?
  • A. obtainable       
  • B. available             
  • C. visible               
  • D. reliable
A  B  C  D  
32. 
He ______ the job because it involved too much traveling.
  • A. took up           
  • B. applied for           
  • C. turned down         
  • D. switched to
A  B  C  D  
33. 
The media's ______ in the president's private life switched the attention away from the real issues.
  • A. capacity         
  • B. concentration         
  • C. focus                 
  • D. involvement
A  B  C  D  
34. 
Juliet is not at work. She is taking a ______ until the end of this week.
  • A. vocation           
  • B. vacation               
  • C. vacancy               
  • D. volume
A  B  C  D  
35. 
In today's rapidly changing economy, opportunities ______ for those who are motivated and dedicated to achieving their career goals.
  • A. abound         
  • B. refrain               
  • C. transcend           
  • D. uphold
A  B  C  D  
36. 
His strange behavior confirmed his neighbors in their ______ that he was guilty.
  • A. suspicion       
  • B. doubt               
  • C. estimate             
  • D. imagination
A  B  C  D  
37. 
Next week you'd better bring all your questions here. We're going to have a question-and-answer ______.
  • A. section         
  • B. service             
  • C. session             
  • D. course
A  B  C  D  
38. 
This distinguished director ______ the plot for the prizewinning film while he was still a college student.
  • A. conceived       
  • B. constituted         
  • C. reflected             
  • D. calculated
A  B  C  D  
39. 
The police have asked for the ______ of the public in tracing the whereabouts of the missing child.
  • A. award             
  • B. co-operation         
  • C. position               
  • D. helpfulness
A  B  C  D  
40. 
He phoned his uncle who lived in the country, asking him to ______ his two schoolmates for the weekend.
  • A. assemble       
  • B. accommodate       
  • C. raise                 
  • D. resemble
A  B  C  D  
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the Corresponding letter with a single bar a cross the square brackets on your machine scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage One
    Scientists now tend to agree that the noise level for potential hearing loss begins at about 70 decibels. Some of them are very concerned because normal daily life often exposes people to noise levels of about 70 decibels even inside their homes. Cities have always been noisy, but noise is now spreading to areas that were quiet just a few years ago.
    Clearly, something must be done or noise will seriously and permanently maim the population. Fortunately, the knowledge and methods to control noise already exist. As a matter of fact, this is one instance where the knowledge of control methods exceeds the knowledge about the effects on human life and on the environment.
    There are two common means for control. The first is reducing noise at its source, and the second is changing the sound path by distance or by shielding.
    The second approach is being used more often today as people become more aware of the danger of noise. New building codes require better sound insulation in homes and apartments. More and more towns are passing zoning ordinances that try to segregate noisy factories or airports from residential areas. Sound-absorbent materials and construction designed to block sound paths are slowly coming into use in offices and homes. New highways are being built to redirect traffic noise up and away from nearby areas. Aircraft are increasingly being required to use reduced power flights around airports.
    There are many examples of available noise control methods that are not being used. More flexible building codes would permit the use of quieter kinds of plumbing pipes. Sound-absorbing materials can reduce the noise of motors and engines. Power generators can be quieted with baffles, exhaust silencers, and sound absorbers. Truck tires can be made with quieter treads. In many cases, the cost of building quieter machines is the same or only slightly higher than that of the current noisy ones. Even though the new equipment may cost more initially, it can prove more profitable in the long run. The new jumbo jets, for example, are quieter than the older ones, yet they are more powerful and carry twice as many passengers. All of these methods are only partial measures as noisy levels continue to rise. Most specialists in the field agree that much of the solution must come from eliminating some of the noise at its source, therefore saving through prevention the large costs of hearing loss.
1. 
The noise level for possible bearing loss begins at about ______.
  • A. 30 decibels       
  • B. 75 decibels           
  • C. 100 decibels         
  • D. none of the above
A  B  C  D  
2. 
Jet pilots are being advised to land ______.
  • A. on longer runways 
  • B. from nearby areas   
  • C. after dark               
  • D. with reduced power
A  B  C  D  
3. 
How many practical means for controlling noise does the author present?
  • A. one               
  • B. two                   
  • C. three                 
  • D. four
A  B  C  D  
4. 
The reader can assume that airport of the future will ______.
  • A. have runways in a north-south pattern 
  • B. be located in unpopulated areas 
  • C. be required to warn passengers of high noise levels 
  • D. in nearby areas
A  B  C  D  
5. 
Jumbo jets are mentioned as examples of ______.
  • A. efficient transportation with low levels of noise 
  • B. vehicles that cause serious air pollution 
  • C. scientific advances that do more harm than good 
  • D. quieter and older vehicle
A  B  C  D  
Passage Two
    Every time a person eats something he makes a nutritional decision. He accepts or rejects the food available to him at home for meals or snacks. Or he selects food for himself at many places in the community, such as supermarkets, drive-ins, restaurants, and food counters in drugstores. These selections make a difference in how an individual looks, how he feels, and how well he can work and play.
    When a good assortment of food  in appropriate amounts is selected and eaten, the consequences are more likely to be a desirable level of health and enough energy to allow one to be as active as one needs and wants to be, When choices are less than desirable, the consequences are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both.
    Studies of diets of individuals in the United States show that food selection is a highly individual matter, even, among young children. Furthermore, far too many individuals of all ages ale making poor choices day after day and are either now living with the consequences or will be in the future.
    Nutritionists and workers in allied professions have been concerned about helping people learn to select and enjoy a wide variety of food combinations that can add up to a good diet.
    Most people believe that they are well fed-that the choices they make are good ones. After all, they are not really sick, neither are they hungry. However, their nutrition is usually poor in one respect or another. Milk and milk products, such as cheeses, ice cream or milk, buttermilk, and yogurt, are often slighted. Then people may skip many fruits and vegetables, particularly those that are good sources of vitamins A and C. These include dark green. Leafy vegetables; deep yellow vegetables; and citrus fruits and vegetables, such as cabbage, tomatoes, and green peppers.
    Every American has the right to choose to be uniformed about nutrition as wall as to be informed. If a person believes that she  is well fed, attitudes, habits, and information cannot be forced upon her.
    There are life situations, however, that tend to cause all individual to want to know how to make the best choices. For example, a young couple is starting a family and must prepare food for young children.
1. 
Food preference in America is ______.
  • A. culturally oriented   
  • B. inherited               
  • C. individualistic         
  • D. according to ages
A  B  C  D  
2. 
Good amounts of vitamin A can be found in ______.
  • A. celery             
  • B. banana                 
  • C. milk                     
  • D. cabbage
A  B  C  D  
3. 
According to the author, nutritionists are concerned with ______.
  • A. improving the vitamin content of processed foods 
  • B. restricting the manufacture of high cholesterol foods 
  • C. informing the public about wholesome foods 
  • D. helping people enjoying uninformed about nutrition
A  B  C  D  
4. 
Some people judge their nutrition by the ______.
  • A. status of their health                               
  • B. grocery stores where they shop 
  • C. amount of protein in their diets               
  • D. food they took
A  B  C  D  
5. 
The author advocates ______.
  • A. requiring high school students to take courses on nutrition 
  • B. making information on nutrition available to the public 
  • C. forcing food manufacturers to list ingredients on packages 
  • D. people has the right to choose food
A  B  C  D  
Passage Three
    It didn't happen overnight. The problem of polluted air has been festering for centuries.
    Suddenly the problem of air pollution is becoming critical and is erupting right before our eyes. Not only do our eyes bum as they focus through murky air, but when the air clears, we see trees and vegetation dying. We must realize that this destruction can no longer be pinned to some mysterious cause. The one major culprit is air pollution.
    Today's air pollution is an unfortunate by-product of the growth of civilization. Civilized mall desires goods that require heavy industrialization and mass production. Machines and factories sometimes pollute and taint the air with substances that are dangerous to man and the environment. These substances include radioactive dust, salt spray, herbicide and pesticide aerosols, liquid droplets of acidic matter, gases, and sometimes soil particles. These materials can act alone to irritate objects and forms of life. More dangerously, they join together to act upon the environment. Only lately have we begun recognizing some of their dangerous consequences.
    Scientists have not yet been able to obtain a complete report on the effects of air pollution on trees. They do know, however, that sulfur dioxide, fluorides, and ozone destroy trees and that individual trees respond differently to the numerous particulate and gaseous pollutants, Sometimes trees growing in a single area under attack by pollutants will show symptoms of injury or will die while their neighbors remain healthy. Scientists believe this difference in response depends on the kind of tree and its genetic makeup. Other factors, such as the tree's stage of growth and nearness to the pollution source, the amount of pollutant, and the length of the pollution attack also play a part. In short, whether or not a tree dies as a result of air pollution depends on a combination of host and environmental factors.
    For the most part, air pollutants injure trees. To conifers, which have year-round needles, air pollution causes early balding. In this event, trees cannot maintain normal food production levels. Undernourished and weakened, they are open to attack by a host of insects, diseases, and other environmental stresses. Death often follows.
    Air pollution may also cause hardwoods to lose their leaves. Because their leaves are borne only for a partion of the year and are replaced the following year, air pollution injury to hardwoods may not be so severe.
1. 
The author attributes today's air pollution to ______.
  • A. the growth of civilization                                 
  • B. man's carelessness 
  • C. environmental imbalance                           
  • D. some mysterious cause
A  B  C  D  
2. 
The resistance of some trees to disease can be traced to ______.
  • A. protective foliage 
  • B. thick bark             
  • C. genetic makeup     
  • D. tainted air
A  B  C  D  
3. 
Air pollution causes the most damage to ______.
  • A. hardwoods       
  • B. conifers             
  • C. fruit trees           
  • D. fluorides
A  B  C  D  
4. 
The author implies that the greatest source of pollution is ______.
  • A. heavy industry                                     
  • B. chemical processing plants 
  • C. urban expansion                           
  • D. salt spray
A  B  C  D  
5. 
We can conclude that ______.
  • A. air pollution is easier to control than water pollution 
  • B. the problem of polluted air is a problem overnight 
  • C. the impact of air pollution has been known for centuries 
  • D. research on the efforts of air pollution is incomplete
A  B  C  D  
Passage Four
    The idea of humanoid robots is not new. They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since Karl Capek, a Czech writer, first dreamed them up for his 1921 play "Rossum's Universal Robots", (The word "robot" comes from the Czech word for drudgery, robota.) Since then, Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme, from the sultry False Maria in Fritz Lang's silent masterpiece "Metropolis" to the withering C-3PO in "Star Wars" and the ruthless assassin of "Terminator". Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious, coloring our views of the future.
    But now Japan's industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality. Their new humanoids represent impressive feats of engineering: when Honda introduced Asimo, a four-foot robot that had been in development for some 15 years, it walked so fluidly that its white, articulated exterior seemed to conceal a human, Honda continues to make the machine faster, friendlier and more agile. Last October, when Asimo was inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh, it walked on to the stage and accepted its own plaque.
    At two and a half feet tall, Sony's ORIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo. It walks, understands a small number of voice commands, and can navigate on its own. If it falls over, it gets up and resumes where it left off. It can even connect wirelessly to the internet and broadcast what its camera eyes can see. In 2003, Sony demonstrated an upgraded QRIO that could run. Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed.
    In 2004, Toyota joined the fray with its own family of robots, called Partner, one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet. Its fingers work the instrument's valves, and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips. Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by 2010. This month, 50 Partner robots will act as guides at Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan.
    Despite their sudden proliferation, however, humanoids are still a mechanical minority. Most of the world's robots are faceless, footless and mute. They are bolted to the floors of factories, stamping out ear pails or welding pieces of metal, making more machines. According to the United Nations, business orders for industrial robots jumped 18% in the first half of 2004. They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots, such as self-navigating vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers and window washers, which are selling fast. But neither industrial nor domestic robots are humanoid.
1. 
In paragraph 1 the author introduces his topic by relating ______.
  • A. the idea of humanoid robots 
  • B. Karl Capek's creation of robots. 
  • C. Hollywood's production of robot films 
  • D. the origin of and popular movies about robots
A  B  C  D  
2. 
According to the author's description, Asimo ______.
  • A. is a four-legged robot 
  • B. seems more like a human being than a machine in action 
  • C. seems more like a machine than a human being in action 
  • D. is in a sort of animal form
A  B  C  D  
3. 
Sony's QRIO could perform all the following tasks EXCEPT ______.
  • A. walking everywhere freely 
  • B. understanding some words uttered by people 
  • C. finding its way 
  • D. continuing walking after it stumbles
A  B  C  D  
4. 
From the passage we may infer that Toyota's Partner ______.
  • A. is much better than any other robots 
  • B. is no more than a mechanic device 
  • C. may be put into mass production 
  • D. may speak like man
A  B  C  D  
5. 
Judging from the context, this passage is probably written ______.
  • A. in 2004                                     
  • B. in 2005 
  • C. between 2003～2004                       
  • D. between 2004～2005
A  B  C  D  
Part Ⅲ Cloze
Directions: there are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
    There are three separate sources of hazard     1    to the use of nuclear reaction to supply us with energy Firstly, the radioactive material must travel from its place of manufacture to the power station     2    the power stations themselves are solidly built, the container used for transport of the material are not. Unfortunately, there are     3    only two methods of transport available,     4    road or rail, and both of these     5    close contact with the general public,     6    the routes are     7    to pass near, or even through,     8    populated areas.
    Secondly, there is a problem of wastes. All nuclear power stations produce wastes which     9    will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is     10    to deactive these  wastes, and so they must be stored     11    one of the ingenious but cumbersome ways that scientists have invented, For example, they must be buried under the ground     12    sunk in the sea. However, these     13    do not solve the problem completely, they merely store it, since an earth-quake could     14    open the containers like nuts.
    Thirdly, there is the problem of accidental exposure     15    to a leak or an explosion at the power station.     16    with the other two hazards, this is not very likely and does not provide a serious     17    to the nuclear program,     18    it call happen, as the  inhabitants of Harrisburg will tell you.
    Separately, and during short periods, these three types of risk are no great cause for concern.     19    , though, and especially     20    much longer periods, the probability of a disaster is extremely high.
1. 
  • A. related           
  • B. connected           
  • C. associated           
  • D. affiliated
A  B  C  D  
2. 
  • A. Hence             
  • B. Although               
  • C. Therefore             
  • D. However
A  B  C  D  
3. 
  • A. regularly         
  • B. typically             
  • C. normally             
  • D. commonly
A  B  C  D  
4. 
  • A. such as           
  • B. for example           
  • C. for instance           
  • D. namely
A  B  C  D  
5. 
  • A. concern           
  • B. involve               
  • C. include               
  • D. contain
A  B  C  D  
6. 
  • A. since             
  • B. although             
  • C. while                 
  • D. so
A  B  C  D  
7. 
  • A. bound           
  • B. close                 
  • C. near                 
  • D. sure
A  B  C  D  
8. 
  • A. much             
  • B. heavily               
  • C. closely               
  • D. crowdedly
A  B  C  D  
9. 
  • A. in most cases     
  • B. in the most cases     
  • C. in any cases           
  • D. in such cases
A  B  C  D  
10. 
  • A. important         
  • B. Improbable           
  • C. impossible           
  • D. incredible
A  B  C  D  
11. 
  • A. in                 
  • B. by                     
  • C. with                   
  • D. on
A  B  C  D  
12. 
  • A. than               
  • B. than                   
  • C. or                     
  • D. and
A  B  C  D  
13. 
  • A. means           
  • B. ways                 
  • C. measures             
  • D. methods
A  B  C  D  
14. 
  • A. crack             
  • B. crash                 
  • C. clash                 
  • D. collide
A  B  C  D  
15. 
A attached            B. due                    C. relevant                D. owing
A  B  C  D  
16. 
  • A. contacted         
  • B. compared           
  • C. matched             
  • D. contrasted
A  B  C  D  
17. 
  • A. disapproval     
  • B. disagreement       
  • C. protest               
  • D. objection
A  B  C  D  
18. 
  • A. but               
  • B. since                 
  • C. so                   
  • D. hence
A  B  C  D  
19. 
  • A. Taking together                               
  • B. Taken together 
  • C. Having taken together                       
  • D. Having been taken together
A  B  C  D  
20. 
  • A. in                 
  • B. at                     
  • C. over                   
  • D. for
A  B  C  D  
Part Ⅳ Translation from English into Chinese
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese, and then write it on the ANSVVER SHEET. The British government has decided to wipe out the obesity epidemic through a novel strategy-by offering fat people cash incentives.
1. 
According to the latest measure, employers will be urged to set up competitions with money, vouchers and other rewards for people who renounce junk food in favor of healthy eating and living,
    And those who will shed the maximum amount of pounds will earn the biggest prizes, reports the Telegraph.
    One competition, called The Biggest Loser, has a 130-pounds gift in store for the participant who loses the most weight in eight weeks.
2. 
The announcement comes after experts estimated that most of the population in Britain would be obese by 2050 unless urgent action is taken and the related rise in ill health would cost the National Health Service 50 billion pounds a year.
    According to ministers, giving people incentives to fight the flab will help avoid larger costs associated with treating cancer, heart disease and diabetes caused by obesity.
    The government said that it wants to make Britain the first major nation to quash the rising tide of obesity.
    And the milestone strategy-Healthy Weight, Healthy Lives-is their solution to the problem. The strategy will feature a series of projects run through a Well@work scheme led by British Heart Foundation, which will offer rewards to workers who lose weight.
3. 
There will also be a "Walking into Health" campaign, aiming to get a third of the population in England walking an extra thousand steps-around a kilometer-every day by 2012.
    "We will look at using financial incentives, such as payments, vouchers and other rewards, to encourage individuals to lose weight and sustain that weight loss, to eat more healthily, or to be consistently more physically active," officials said.
Part Ⅴ Writing
1. 
Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic. Remember to write your composition on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
   
My Opinion about Traditional Holidays in Modern China