北京航空航天大学考博英语-1
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Passage 1 One silly question I simply cannot tolerate is "How do you feel?" Usually the question is asked of a man in action - a man walking along the street, or busily working at his desk. So what do you expect him to say? He'll probably say, "Fine, I'm an right. " But you have put a hug a his ear-maybe now he is not sure. If you are his good friend, you may have seen something on his face, or in his walk, that he over-looked that morning. It makes him worrying a little. He looks in a mirror to see if everything is all right, while you go merrily on your way asking someone else, "How do you feel?" Every question has its time and place. It's perfectly acceptable, for instance, to ask "How do you feel?" if you are visiting a close friend in the hospital. But if the fellow is walking on both legs, hurrying to take a train or sitting at his desk working, it's no time to ask him that silly question. When George Bernard Shaw, the famous British writer of plays was in his eighties, someone asked him, "How do you feel?" Shaw put him in his place. "When you reach my age," he said, "either you feel all right or you are dead. " |
1.According to the writer, greetings, such as "How do you feel?"
A show one's consideration for others
B are a good way to make friends
C are proper to ask a man in action
D generally make one feel uneasy
2.The question "How do you feel?" seems to be correct and suitable when asked of ______.
A a friend who is ill
B a person who has lost a close friend
C a stranger who looks somewhat worried
D a man who is working at his desk
3.George Bernard Shaw's reply in this passage shows his ______.
A silliness
B cleverness
C carelessness
D politeness
4."You have put a bug in his ear" means that you have ______.
A made him laugh
B shown concern for him
C made fun of him
D given him some kind of warning
5.This passage can be entitled ______.
A A Silly Question
B Don't Trouble a Busy Man
C What Are Good Greetings
D George Bernard Shaw's Reply
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Passage 2 In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? The evidence shows that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then, variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important. There is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus, although freedom of choice may be important, usually very little can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much a worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the produce Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than a large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the worker's contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we make their jobs more interesting, they will want neither more money nor shorter working hours. |
6.Varied jobs, in writer's opinion, will ______.
A offer greater productivity
B drive workers to work harder
C make workers more productive
D make worker's life more enjoyable, but do not make them more hardworking
7.According to the passage, freedom can not be easily given since ______.
A it is in not what workers care about
B it has nothing to do with increasing productivity
C freedom will do harm to the management
D machines in modem factories must be organized in a fixed way
8.Degree of the worker's contribution is greater when ______.
A a factory possesses more experts
B a factory has many small production lines
C workers enjoy more freedom
D workers work at a large production line
9.Workers want more money and shorter working hours to ______.
A enjoy themselves more after work
B produce greater work flow
C show their great abilities
D challenge the management
10.According to the passage, the statement that best describes the writer's attitude is ______.
A there are no ways to make workers more productive
B workers want more variety, freedom and money, but shorter working time and less contribution
C variety, freedom, contribution, more money and shorter working time seem possible factors leading to greater productivity, actually they are not or they are impossible
D it is impossible to make workers work more productively, because the work they do is so boring
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Passage 3 What do consumers really want? That's a question market researchers would love to answer. But since people don't always say what they think, marketers would need direct access to consumers' thoughts to get the truth. Now, in a way, that is possible. At the "Mind of the Market" laboratory at Harvard Business School, researchers are looking inside shoppers' skulls to develop more effective advertisements and marketing pitches. Using imaging techniques that measure blood flow to various parts of the brain, the Harvard team hopes to predict how consumers will react to particular products and to discover the most effective ways to present information. Stephen Kosslyn, a professor of psychology at Harvard, and business school professor Gerald Zaltman, oversee the lab. "The goal is not to manipulate people's preferences," says Kosslyn, "just to speak to their actual desires. "The group's findings, though still preliminary, could radically change how firms develop and market new products. The Harvard group use position emission topography (PET) scans to monitor the brain activity. These PET scans, along with other non-invasive imaging techniques; enable researchers to see which parts of the brain are active during specific tasks (such as remembering a word). Correlations have been found between blood flow to specific areas and future behavior. Because of this, Harvard researchers believe the scans can also predict future purchasing patterns. According to an unpublished paper the group produced, "It is possible to use these techniques to predict not only whether people will remember and have specific emotional reactions to certain materials, but also whether they will be inclined to want those materials months later. " The Harvard group is now moving into the next stage of experiments. They will explore how people remember advertisements as part of an effort to predict how they will react to a product after having seen an ad. The researchers believe that once key areas of the brain are identified, scans on about two dozen volunteers will be enough to draw conclusions about the reactions of specific segments of the population. Large corporations — including Coca Cola, Eastman Kodak, General Motors, and Hallmark — have already signed up to fund further investigations. For their financial support, these firms gain access to the experiments, but cannot control them. If Kosslyn and Zaltman and their team really can read the mind of the market, then consumers may find it even harder to get those advertising jingles out of their heads. |
11.Which of the following statements can be the best title for this passage?
A Reading the Mind of the Market
B Controlling the Consumers' Preferences
C Improving the Styles of Advertising
D Finding Out the Way to Predict
12.Why do the Harvard researchers use scientific technology in the experiments?
A Because they don't believe the surveys done by the marketers can lead to the truth.
B Because they are asked by the marketers to find a direct way to read the consumers' thoughts.
C Because they want to find out how the ads influence people's brain activity and emotional responses etc.
D Because they expect that their experiments can basically alter the marketing strategies of products.
13.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A Sometimes people will conceal what they think when being questioned by the market researchers.
B Stephen Kosslyn and Gerald Zaltman overlook the experiments and criticize the purpose of the study.
C Harvard researchers have found the corresponding relations between people's brain and behavior.
D There are many large organizations endorsing and financing the Harvard group's further investigation.
14.What does "to speak to" in the last sentence of the second paragraph mean?
A to talk to
B to say to
C to communicate to
D to respond to
15.The last sentence of this passage implies that
A if the experiments' results can be applied to the practice, the customers will be very likely to buy things according to the ads
B if the Harvard group can succeed in finishing the research, they will use it in attracting more and more and more and more consumers into the market
C the financial supporting corporations such as Coca Cola, General Motors can employ the experiments in their own marketing
D the consumers may discover that those ads will always annoy them by jingling out of their heads and cause them headaches
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Passage 4 To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun. Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, was back in the eleventh century B. C. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And against it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century that women's umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors. |
16.The first use of umbrella was as ______.
A protection against rain
B a shade against the sun
C a symbol of power
D a symbol of honor
17.______ were the people who first used umbrellas.
A Chinese
B Romans
C Greeks
D Egyptians
18.The umbrella was used only by royalty or by those in high offices ______.
A in Europe in the 18th century
B in ancient Egypt and Babylon
C in the Far East in ancient times
D during the Middle Ages
19.According to the passage, which of the following is not true ______.
A Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of colors nowadays.
B The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.
C Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas.
D Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times.
20.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A When Was the Umbrella Invented?
B The History of Umbrella
C Umbrella — A Symbol of Honor
D Who Used Umbrella First?
21.Taking photographs is strictly ______ here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.
A forbidden
B rejected
C excluded
D denied
22.This spacious room is ______ furnished with just a few articles in it.
A lightly
B sparsely
C hardly
D rarely
23.I should be able to finish the task on time, ______ you provide me with the necessary guidance.
A in case
B provided that
C or else
D as if
24.Shares on the stock market have ______ as a result of a worldwide economic downturn.
A turned
B changed
C floated
D fluctuated
25.To be a successful criminal, one must be ______.
A empirical
B emigrant
C elegant
D elusive
26.The low operating costs of the foreign company will ______ the high labor costs the business pays in its own country.
A offend
B obstruct
C oblige
D offset
27.Every person on the sales team is ______ because they work together well.
A incompatible
B incredible
C indefinite
D indispensable
28.Her remarks ______ a complete disregard for human rights.
A magnified
B maintained
C manipulated
D manifested
29.Mr. Brown's condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will ______.
A pull back
B pull up
C pull through
D pull out
30.The day was breaking and people began to go to work so the murderer was unable to ______ of the body.
A dispense
B dispose
C discard
D discharge
31.Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customer's ______ rather than the company's.
A benefit
B availability
C suitability
D convenience
32.Can you imagine! He offered me $ 5000 to break my contract. That's ______ . Of course I didn't agree. I would take legal action.
A fraud
B blackmail
C bribery
D compensation
33.The secretary wants to ______ all the file clerks to make preparations for the company Christmas party.
A enlighten
B enlist
C enable
D enclose
34.The priest made the ______ of the cross when he entered the church.
A mark
B signal
C sign
D gesture
35.He was ______ with the deadly disease when he was 14, and has suffered with it for 10 years.
A induced
B inflicted
C inserted
D integrated
36.I've told you ______ that you cannot go out and play until you've finished your homework.
A once and for all
B to all intents
C all the way
D in all respects
37.Despite the fact that they were ______ when they married, after 30 years they live together harmoniously.
A contradictory
B incompatible
C contrary
D compatible
38.His office is ______ to the President's; it usually takes him about three minutes to get there.
A related
B adhesive
C adherent
D adjacent
39.On behalf of my company, I am ______ to you and your colleagues for your generous help.
A subjected
B inclined
C available
D obliged
40.The none of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being ______ of everything they do.
A emotional
B optimistic
C interested
D critical
| One country that is certain of the effect of films
on tourism is Australia. The Tourist Office of Queensland say that Crocodile
Dundee, 61 Paul Hogan, made Australia the popular
62 it is today. In the three years after Crocodile Dundee
was 63 , visitor numbers doubled. 64
what makes people want to visit the place where a movie was filmed? In many
cases the reason is 65 the film makes audiences 66
of the existence of a place. 67 the James Bond
movie The Man with the Golden Gun was filmed in Phuket, Thailand, most
Westerners had never heard of it. Today it is a major destination. Leonardo di
Caprio's film The Beach has 68 tourism in another part of
Thailand. The film is about the discovery of the most idyllic beach in the
world. As a result the Thai authorities are 69 a tourist
boom in the film's 70 ,Koh Phi Phi. Some people are influenced by a movie's 71 as much as its location, especially if it is a romance. Four Weddings and a Funeral has 72 that" The Crown" hotel in Amersham has been busy ever 73 the movie was first shown. In fact the bedroom where the 74 played by Hugh Grant and Andie McDowell spend their first night together is 75 for years ahead. "We've 76 the number of marriage proposals that have been made there," say the hotel 77 . It is not just the tourist boards who are happy 78 the influence of films on a destination. Residents of a rather run down area of London have seen house prices almost double 79 Julia Robert's romance with Hugh Grant in Notting Hill. Film stars, such as Madonna, who had previously thought of Notting Hill as a good place for a party, have now bought 80 there. Perhaps they hope to revive their romances. |
41.
A acting
B playing
C performing
D starring
42.
A target
B destination
C terminal
D intention
43.
A produced
B staged
C presented
D released
44.
A However
B But
C Whereas
D And
45.
A because
B that
C for
D why
46.
A acquainted
B ignorant
C aware
D known
47.
A While
B When
C As
D Once
48.
A activated
B boosted
C encouraged
D excited
49.
A facing
B meeting
C encountering
D confronting
50.
A place
B site
C location
D spot
51.
A mind
B mood
C spirit
D affection
52.
A ensured
B reassured
C guaranteed
D insured
53.
A after
B since
C till
D from
54.
A persons
B heroines
C characters
D heroes
55.
A involved
B prearranged
C scheduled
D booked
56.
A lost track of
B lost count of
C lost contact of
D lost sight of
57.
A management
B employer
C supervisor
D handler
58.
A for
B with
C about
D at
59.
A thanks to
B regardless of
C since
D as
60.
A entity
B benefit
C property
D belongings
61.Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from land fills, garbage' dumps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and the list goes on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds. But citizens didn't remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantle of environmental justice since as far back as 1968. More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civil rights "groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid and whose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions. In 1979, a landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston, followed by similar litigation efforts in the 1980s,rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand government intervention.
1.