Part Ⅰ Vocabulary Directions: In each item of the following, choose one word that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word. Mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.
1.
Differences in positions adopted by oxygen and hydrogen atoms account for variations in the crystalline structure of different forms of ice.
A are caused by
B explain
C derive from
D constitute
2.
Many politicians find that they can no longer afford the luxury of a personal chauffeur.
A valet
B driver
C secretary
D servant
3.
She was so obstinate that she wouldn' t adjust her opinions.
A inflexible
B alert
C wise
D talented
4.
In the flint decades of the twentieth century, the individual gem could not be seen, but could be worked with fruitfully.
A blindly
B completely
C productively
D carefully
5.
In ancient Egyptian paintings, royal figures were differentiated by making them several times larger than others.
A distinguished
B estranged
C deferred
D enlarged
6.
Recent research into aging suggests that the body' s defense mechanisms may lose the abili ty to distinguish what is alien.
A insane
B infectious
C foreign
D poisonous
7.
Both a person' s heredity and his environment help to shape his character.
A relative
B education
C nationality
D surroundings
8.
Chimpanzees are frequently used as stand-ins for human beings in experiment.
A partners
B role-models
C stand-bys
D substitute
9.
No other newspaper columnist has managed as yet to rival Ann Landers' popularity in terms of readership.
A though
B in spite of this
C even
D so far
10.
General acceptance of 3-D films may prove hard to come by, as the experience of three decades ago indicated.
A obtain
B explain
C understand
D discern
11.
Perhaps more than anything else, it was onerous taxes that led to the Peasants' Revolt in England in 1381.
A multiple
B unjust
C burdensome
D infamous
12.
Jane and Tom have been able to reconcile their difference and are a happy family again.
A settle
B arrange
C balance
D pacify
13.
Psychologists have errantly mounted an offensive against what they describe as nastiness to ward students by educators.
A arbitrariness
B unpleasantness
C severity
D aloofness
14.
The plainer is a bowerbird' s plumage, the more brightly it decorates its nest to attract a mate.
A more spectacular
B duller
C flatter
D more melancholy
15.
One word describes what makes Singapore work: discipline.
A punishment
B regulation
C unemployment
D salary
16.
Giving the child problems he cannot solve will only frustrate him.
A baffle
B worry
C alarm
D cultivate
17.
A number of animals in Aesop' s fables are portrayed as being crafty.
A vain
B virtuous
C artistic
D cunning
18.
One of the most interesting inhabitants of our world is the bee, an insect which is indigenous to all parts of the globe except the polar regions.
A residents
B pets
C intimates
D creatures
19.
Recent studies have identified four major global environmental risks: acid rain, ozone depletion, deforestation and the greenhouse effect.
A recognized
B proved
C got rid of
D multiplied
20.
When we were in the mountains, we often found ourselves entirely enveloped by the fog.
A confined
B surrounded
C darkened
D blocked
21.
The mother is told that her child is desperately ill--the chance of survival are slim, and the treatment is as dreadful as the disease.
A incurable
B fearful
C impossible
D troublesome
22.
The United States Food and Drag Administration has shown itself to be particularly wary with regard to alleged "miracle" drugs in recent times.
A bellicose
B exhausted
C cautious
D strange
23.
Attitudes on the two sides in the Revolutionary War precluded the possibility of a peaceful solution.
A presaged
B prejudiced
C anticipated
D prevented
24.
Adverse reviews in the New York press may greatly change the prospects of a new Broad- way production.
A additional
B encouraging
C unfavorable
D subversive
25.
Cowries shells were once in widespread use as a token of value.
A a symbol
B an amount
C a thing
D an investment
26.
Sometimes a dictionary designates a noun as attributive, which means that it can be used to describe another noun or name its attributes.
A conveys
B defines
C indicates
D explains
27.
In 1984, President Ronald Reagan proposed that the United States construct a launch laboratory for a new era of space exploration.
A probing
B revenge
C invasion
D expansion
28.
The environmental balance among ecological communities is exceedingly complex.
A almost
B successfully
C extremely
D rarely
29.
The primary objective of Basic Econometrics is to provide an elementary but a comprehensive introduction to the art and science of econometrics.
A brief
B precise
C simplified
D extensive
30.
The two psychologists had to modify the American Sign Language somewhat in order to accommodate the chimpanzees' spontaneous gestures.
A change
B abort
C shorten
D enhance
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or un finished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with your pencil. Passage One In the simplest terms, a market is the place where seller meets buyer to exchange products for money. Traditional markets still function in many parts of the world. Even in the United Sates, during summer months, there are farmers' markets where direct selling and buying take place between producers and consumers. Most service industries still operate at this market level. Manufacturing industries and most agricultural enterprises are more distant from the consumer. Their products pass through several hands--truckers, warehouse workers, wholesalers, and retailers before reaching the final consumer. Products, or commodities, are usually divided into two types: consumer and industrial. Consumer goods are those that are sold to final users, the customers. These goods include food, clothing, automobiles, television sets, appliances, and all those things people go to stores to purchase. Industrial goods are those that are sold to companies or other businesses for use in manufacturing or other purposes. Automobile makers buy many of the parts used to assemble cars. A tire manufacturer buys rubber, synthetic or otherwise, with which to make fires. Eventually these materials will end up in the hands of final users: the owners of the cars. The nature of industrial goods depends on the nature of the goods to be made for final users. The price of industrial goods and raw materials will influence the price of final goods, those that the consumer buys.
31.
By saying "Manufacturing industries and most agricultural enterprises are more distant from the censurers" ( para. 2 ), the. author means ______.
A their products are never sold directly into consumers' hands
B they usually build their factories far away from markets
C they usually need agents to sell and deliver their goods into consumers' hands
D they have used trucks to carry their products to consumers' hands
32.
A wholesaler(Paragraph 2, Line 2) is ______.
A a person who sells a great variety of foods
B an agent who deals with industrial products
C a person that manages big stores and factories
D an agent that buys and sells goods in great quantities
33.
Medical equipment sold to doctors is an instance of ______.
A consumer product
B industrial product
C raw material
D direct exchanged product
34.
Paper sold to a publishing industry ______.
A will influence the price of paper industry
B is a product delivered to the final user
C is a consumer product
D is an industrial product
35.
It can be inferred that ______.
A most of the products exchanged at traditional markets are consumer goods
B most of the products bought and sold at traditional markets are industrial goods
C most farmers lived far away form marketplaces and never sold their products directly
D most service industries have not yet developed mature markets for their products
Passage Two Direct adverting includes all forms of sales appeals, mailed, delivered, or exhibited directly to the prospective buyer of an advertised product or service, without use of any indirect medium, such as newspapers or television.. Direct advertising logically may be divided into three broad classifications, namely, direct-mail advertising, mail order advertising, and unmailed direct advertising. All forms of sales appeals that are sent through the mails are considered direct-mail advertising. The chief functions of direct-mail advertising are to familiarize prospective buyers with a product, its name, its maker, and its merits and with the product' s local distributors. The direct-mail appeal is designed also to support the sales activities of retailers by encouraging the continued patronage of both old and new customers. When no personal selling is involved, other methods are needed to persuade people to send in orders by mail. In addition to newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, other special devices order promotions are designed to accomplish a complete selling job without salespeople. Used for the same broad purposes as direct-mail advertising, unmailed direct-mail advertising, includes all forms of indoor advertising displays and all printed sales appeals distributed from door to door, handed to customers in retail stores or conveyed in some other manner directly to the recipient. With each medium competing keenly for its share of the business, advertising agencies continue to develop new techniques for displaying and selling wares and services. Among these techniques have been vastly improved printing and reproduction methods in the graphic field, adapted to magazine advertisements and to direct-mall enclosures; the use of color in newspaper advertisements and in television; and outdoor signboards more attractively designed and efficiently lighted. Many subtly effective improvements are suggested by advertising research.
36.
The word "prospective" in the first sentence of the passage means ______.
A would be
B prosperous
C rich
D old
37.
From the last paragraph we learn ______.
A direct advertising is the best way to promote a product
B companies are trying to find the best way to sell their products
C advertising is becoming enriched by the research in this area
D old ways of advertising is giving ways to new ways of doing it
38.
The chief function of unmailed advertising is ______.
A to send sample products from door to door
B to familiarize the customers with the products
C to deliver the products directly to the retail stores
D to send information about the products in quick ways
39.
Direct-mail advertising ______.
A uses letters as a chief means of providing information
B sends old customers detailed information about new products
C uses letters to tell prospective buyers about the local sellers
D sends over the prospective buyers sample products by parcels
40.
Direct advertising ______.
A includes all forms of sales appeals to the prospective buyer
B is produced mainly for newspaper or television
C is an activity by which real products are shown to buyers
D uses post as a chief means to contact prospective buyers
Passage Three The traditional appeal of the income tax has come from its wide acceptance, as a fair tax, closely related to an individual' s ability to pay. For many years the income tax provided large federal income without imposing heavy burdens on tile great majority of people. By the mid-20th century, however, serious criticisms of tax loopholes were heard. Concerted attempts at reform resulted only in a more complex and eroded tax base. The situation worsened in the 1970s, as rising inflation pushed people into higher tax brackets although their incomes were barely keeping pace with rising prices. This pressure further eroded public confidence in the fairness of the income tax; at the same time it created strong incentives to utilize tax shelters and other loopholes, as well as to conceal off the-record income. Built-in inflation adjustments were adopted, first by a number of states and then in 1985 by the federal government. Income tax policy is inevitably controversial because it rests essentially on judgments that must be constantly reconsidered as social values changes. The complex task of working out the many reductions and exclusions to be allowed from income because they either make for greater fairness among taxpayers or promote worthy social goals ( such as charitable contributions) is one of the most difficult and politically sensitive problems faced by governments. Another major area of dispute is whether wages and salaries should be taxed the same way as business profits or investment income. While some countries and a few U.S. states explicitly apply separate sets of rules to the measurement of different kinds of taxable income, others, like most U.S. state governments, seek to treat all sources of income in the same way. Even so, dissimilarities inevitably arise. Some costs of earning income are more readily deducted(扣除) from business and self-employment earnings than they are front wages and salaries. Inflation, by eroding the value of capital, distorts the measurement of income from that source. Complex adjustments to the tax law could in principle eliminate these imbalance, but most countries have preferred simpler, more arbitrary solutions.
41.
Most people accept income as a fair tax since ______.
A every individual enjoys public welfare
B every citizen of a country has the duty to pay taxes
C it is within their capability to pay it
D it is closely related to the individual's benefits
42.
In 1985, ______.
A inflation was taken into account in the federal government' s income tax policy
B inflation rate was brought under control and income tax rate was reduced
C a number of states made their own laws against tile rising inflation
D the federal government adopted several inflation combating policies
43.
Which of the following income may enjoy a reduced tax or exclusion?
A Off-the-record income
B Self-employment earnings
C Business earnings
D Income from charitable activities
44.
In the 1970s, ______.
A many people called for the cancellation of income tax
B many people questioned the fairness of income tax
C many people stopped to pay tax because of poverty
D inflation rose beyond the government's control
45.
The majority of the US state governments ______.
A use different sets of rules for various taxable income
B apply the same policy to all sources of income
C allow for a reduction for self-employment earnings
D treat business and investment income in the same way
Passage Four When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President of the United States in 1932, not only the United States but also the rest of the world was in the throes of an economic depression. Following the termination of World War I, Britain and the United States at first experienced a boom in industry. Called the roaring Twenties, the 1920s ushered in a number of things--prosperity, greater e quality for women in the work world, rising consumption, and easy credit. The outlook for American business was rosy. October 1929 was a month that had catastrophic economic reverberations worldwide. The American stock market witnessed the "Great Crash," as it is called, and the temporary boom in the American economy came to a standstill. Stock prices sank, and panic spread. The ensuing unemployment figure soared to 12 million by 1932. Germany in the postwar years suffered from extreme deprivation because of burdensome compensation it was obliged to pay to the Allies. The country' s industrial capacity had been greatly diminished by the war. Inflation, political instability, and high unemployment were factors helpful to the growth of the initial Nazi party. Germans had lost confidence in their old leaders and heralded tile arrival of a messiah-like figure who would lead them out of their economic wilderness. Hitler promised jobs and, once elected, kept his promise by providing employment in the party, in the newly expanded army, and in munitions factories. Roosevelt was elected because he promised a "New Deal" to lift the United States out of the doldrums of the depression. Following the principles by Keynes, a British economist, Roosevelt collected the spending capacities of the federal government to provide welfare, work, and agricultural aid to the millions of down-and-out Americans. Elected President for four terms because of his innovative policies, Roosevelt succeeded in dragging the nation out of the depression before the outbreak of World War Ⅱ.
46.
Which of the following was NOT true at the time Roosevelt was elected?
A Stock prices were recovering slowly.
B The nation were recovering slowly.
C There were 12 million unemployed workers.
D The nation needed help from the federal government.
47.
The best title for the passage is ______.
A The Twenties
B The Great Crash
C The Depression
D The End of World War Ⅰ
48.
The "Great Crash" in the passage refers to ______.
A the end of World War Ⅰ
B the Great Depression
C high employment figures
D a slump in the stock market
49.
What does the word "deprivation" mean ( Paragraph 3, Line 1)?
A Deficiency
B Scarcity
C Removal
D Denial
50.
We can infer that the author of this passage ______.
A disapproves of Rooseveh's "New Deal"
B thinks the Depression could have been avoided
C blames the Depression on the "Great Crash"
D feels there was some similarity between Roosevelt and Hider
Passage Five Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in the world' s average air temperature. In order to prove that theory, ecologists have turned to historical data in relation to especially huge volcanic eruptions. They suspect that volcanoes effect weather changes that are similar to air pollution. One source of information is the effect of the eruption of Tambora, a volcano in Sumbawa, the Dutch East Indies ( the former name of the Republic of Indonesia) ,in April 1815. The largest recorded volcanic eruption, Tambora threw 150 million ton of fine ash into the stratosphere. The ash from a volcano spreads worldwide in a few days and remains in the air for years. Its effect is to turn in coming solar radiation into space and thus cool the earth. For example, records of weather in Eng land show that between April and November 1815, the average temperature had fallen 4.5°F during the next twenty-four months, England suffered one of the coldest periods of its history. Farmers' re cords from April 1815 to December 1818 indicate frost throughout the spring and summer and sharp decreases in crop and livestock markets. Since there was a time lag of several years between cause and effect, by the time the world agricultural commodity community had deteriorated, no one realized the cause. Ecologists today warn that we face a twofold menace. The ever-present possibility of volcanic eruptions, such as that of Mt. St. Helens in Washington, added to man' s pollution of the atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and other polluting substances, may bring us increasingly colder weather.
51.
Which of the following was the cause of cold weather in England from 1815 to 1818?
A England' s proximity to the North Sea
B Volcanic ash in the atmosphere
C Floorings in the area
D Pollution caused by the International Revolution
52.
No one realized the cause of the deterioration of the world agricultural commodity market because ______.
A there was a long interval between cause and effect
B the weather was difficult for us to forecast
C weather forecasts were inaccurate
D ecologists didn't exist until modem times
53.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the cause of dropping temperatures?
A Volcanic eruptions
B Mountain torrents
C Crop and livestock production
D The floods after the storm
54.
What does the word deteriorated mean7 (in paragraph 2 )
A Weakened
B Improved
C Depreciated
D Declined
55.
According to the passage, the effects of Tempura' s eruption were ______.
A of several days' duration worldwide
B felt mainly in the Dutch East Indies
C evident in the decreased world temperature
D immediately evident to the world's scientists
Part Ⅲ Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in tile following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose the ONE that best fits the pas sage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived. We do know, however, that (56) thousands of years food was always eaten cold and (57) . Perhaps the cooked food was heated accidentally by a (58) fire or by the melted lava from an erupting (59) . When people first tasted food that had been cooked, they found it tasted better. However, (60) after this discover, cooked food must have remained a rarity (61) man learned how to make and light (62) . Primitive men who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun (63) their food. For example, in the desert (64) of the southwestern. United States, the Indians cooked their food by (65) it on a flat (66) in the hot sun. They cooked piece of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this (67) . We surmise that the earliest kitchen (68) was stick (69) which a piece of meat could be attached and held over a fire. Later this stick was (70) by an iron rod or spit which could be turned frequently to cook the meat (71) all sides. Cooking food in water was (72) before man learned to make water containers that could not be (73) by fire. The (74) cooking pots were reed or grass baskets in which soups, and stews could be cooked. As early as 166 B. C, the Egyptians had learned to make (75) permanent cooking pots out of sand stone. Many years later, the Eskimos learned to make similar pans.
56.
A beating
B frying
C drying
D placing
57.
A though
B since
C soon
D even
58.
A places
B realms
C areas
D domains
59.
A by
B on
C over
D at
60.
A stone
B board
C table
D plate
61.
A incapable
B unavoidable
C impossible
D unpopular
62.
A food
B a fire
C himself
D it
63.
A stronger
B better
C more
D longer
64.
A in
B on
C through
D for
65.
A volcano
B cave
C mountain
D valley
66.
A by
B over
C on
D to
67.
A forest
B cooked
C man-made
D lighting
68.
A broken
B destroyed
C spoiled
D pierced
69.
A when
B which
C until
D as
70.
A to cook
B cooking
C cooked
D cook
71.
A zone
B sector
C method
D fashion
72.
A newest
B latest
C first
D worst
73.
A utensil
B instrument
C tool
D equipment
74.
A supported
B replaced
C changed
D switched
75.
A raw
B crude
C ready
D fresh
Part Ⅳ Translation Directions: Translate the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese. Instead of trying to reduce the discontent felt, try to raise the level or quality of the discontent. Perhaps the most that can be hoped for is to have high-order discontent in today' s society, discontent about things that really matter. (76) Rather than evaluating programs in terms of how happy they make people, how satisfied those people become, programs must be evaluated in terms of the quality of the discontent they engender. For example, if consultant wants to assess, whether or not an organization is healthy, he doesn' t ask, "Is there an absence of complaints?" but rather, "What kinds of complaints are there?" (77) Instead of trying to make gradual changes in small increments, make big changes. After all, big changes are relatively easier to make than are small ones. Some people assume that the way to bring about improvement is to make the change small enough so that nobody will notice it. This approach has never worked, and one can' t help but wonder why such thinking continues. Everyone knows how to resist small changes; they do it all the time. If, however, the change is big enough, resistance can' t be mobilized against it. (78) Management can make a sweeping organizational change, but just let a manager, try to change someone' s desk from here to there, and see the great difficulty he encounters. All change is resisted, so the question is how can the changes be made big enough so that they have a chance of succeeding? Buck Minster Fuller has said that instead of reforms society needs new forms; e. g. , in order to reduce traffic accidents, improve automobiles and highways instead of trying to improve drivers. The same concept should be applied to human relations. There' s a need to think in terms of social architecture, and to provide arrangements among people that evoke what they really want to see in them selves. (79) Mankind takes great pains with physical architecture, and is beginning to concern it self with the design of systems in which the human being is a component. But most of these designs are only for safety, efficiency, or productivity. System designs are not made to affect those aspects of life people care most about such as family life, romance, and esthetic experiences. (80) Social technology as well as physical technology need to be applied in making human arrangements that will transcend anything mankind has yet experienced. People need not be victimized by their environments; they can be fulfilled by them.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
Part Ⅴ Writing Directions: Write around 200' words on ONE of the three given topics below within half an hour. Be sure that your writing should include at least three well-developed paragraphs.
1.
People say we are now in a very competitive society. Do you agree with it or not? Why?
2. What will we do as talented people to make our country powerful and prosperous in the new century?
3. A country' s economic prosperity can be reflected in people' s daily life. Do you agree or disagree? Give your reasons in detail.