Some people seem to______on the pressure of working under a deadline.
A render
B evolve
C prevail
D thrive
2.
According to the Geneva______no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.
A Customs
B Congresses
C Conventions
D Routines
3.
The shuttle exploded in the air suddenly and broke into ______ at once.
A diversity
B fragments
C doctrine
D drought
4.
Both police officers and high officials here are
susceptible
to corruption.
A sustainable
B suspicious
C skeptical
D vulnerable
5.
I would never have______a court of law if I hadn"t been so desperate.
A sought for
B accounted for
C turned up
D resorted to
6.
Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ______ very cheat in the marketplace.
A at the mercy of
B in lieu of
C by courtesy of
D for the price of
7.
As the society has rigid social ______, everyone knows his role in the society.
A hemisphere
B contempt
C controversy
D hierarchy
8.
Right now there is a sale of 19th-century European paintings and
sculpture
in the museum.
A photographs
B images
C statues
D stone paintings
9.
Haven"t I told you I don"t want you keeping ______ with those awful riding-about bicycle boys.?
A company
B acquaintance
C friends
D place
10.
The more intrusive advertisements become, the more they
irritate
web users.
A annoy
B dismay
C surprise
D startle
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing many people"s views on race, history and politics. The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals.
Muhammad Ali
Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville, Kentucky, learning to fight at age 12 after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself. Six years later, he was an Olympic boxing champion, going on to win three world heavyweight titles. He became known as much for his swagger (趾高气扬) outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to Islam in 1965, changing his name to Muhammad Ali and refusing to join the U.S. Army on religious grounds. Ali remained popular after his athletic career ended and he developed Parkinson"s disease, even lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam following the September 11 terrorist attacks.
W. E. B. Du Bois Born
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868, this Massachusetts native was one of the most prominent, prolific intellectuals of his time. An academic, activist and historian, Du Bois co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), edited "The Crisis" magazine and wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarly articles. In perhaps his most famous work, "The Souls of Black Folk", published in 1903, he predicted "the problem of 20th century [would be] the problem of the color-line".
Martin Luther King Jr.
The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. is considered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American civil rights movement. He spearheaded (带头,作先 锋)a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches, sit-ins, boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affected Americans" attitudes toward race relations. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
Malcolm X
Black leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s. He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued even after his death in 1965. Interest in the leader surged again after Spike Lee"s 1992 movie "Malcolm X" was released.
Jackie Robinson
In 1947, Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the U.S. major leagues. After retirement from baseball in 1957, he remained active in civil rights and youth activities. In 1962, he became the first African-American to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
1.
Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?
A He never served in the army
B He learned to fight at an early age
C His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing
D He loves peace
2.
The italicized word "prolific" (Line 2, Para. 3) is synonymous to______
A smart
B skilled
C productive
D pioneering
3.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A .W
B Jackie Robinson was denied by U
C Martin Luther King Jr
D Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his death
4.
What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?
A Each achieved enormous success in his / her field and was highly recognized
B Each was devoted to his / her cause but didn"t win recognition until death
C All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime
D All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities
5.
Which of the following can be a title of the passage?
A Life of famous African Americans
B Influence of famous African Americans
C Political pioneers: Icons and intellectuals
D Cultural pioneers: Icons and intellectuals
The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. "The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence (显著) ," said the UN"s 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998.
The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. "Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana (大麻) or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person"s lifestyle," the study says.
"Surprisingly", says the Board, "the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of recreational drug use." Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars--including Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs--have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. "In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household, "the study says.
The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues--especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization, which encourages, rather than prevents, drug abuse. "Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive, " says Harold Ghodse, president of the Board. "Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs," he says. Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway.
The present study, he says, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed.
6.
Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with?
A The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a person"s lifestyle
B The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond the boundaries of the country
C No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse
D The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture
7.
The italicized phrase "under fire" (Line 1, Para. 1) means ______.
A in an urgent situation
B facing some problems
C being criticized
D quite popular
8.
Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music, what might the youth think of the death of some pop stars caused by overdose?
A They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models
B They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs
C They try to confront the deadly effect of "recreational" drug use
D They may stop abusing the drugs
9.
Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a factor that has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse?
A The spreading of pop music
B The media
C Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups
D The low price of some drugs
10.
The pop music ______.
A has a great influence on young people of most cultures
B only appeals to a small number of young people
C is not a profitable industry
D is the only culprit (罪魁祸首) responsible for drug amuse
Eight times within the past million years, something in the Earth"s climatic equation has changed, allowing snow in the mountains and the northern latitudes to accumulate from one season to the next instead of melting away. Each time, the enormous ice sheets resulting from this continual buildup lasted tens of thousands of years until the end of each particular glacial cycle brought a warmer climate. Scientists speculated that these glacial cycles were ultimately driven by astronomical factor: slow, cyclic changes in the eccentricity of the Earth"s orbit and in the tilt and orientation of its spin axis. But up until around 30 years ago, the lack of an independent record of ice-age timing made the hypothesis untestable.
Then in the early 1950"s Emiliani produced the first complete record of the waxings and wanings of first glaciations. It came from a seemingly odd place, the seafloor. Single-cell marine organisms called "foraminifera" house themselves in shells made from calcium carbonate. When the foraminifera die, sink to the bottom, and become part of seafloor sediments, the carbonate of their shells preserves certain characteristics of the seawater they inhabited. In particular, the ratio of a heavy isotope of oxygen (oxygen-18) to ordinary oxygen (oxygen-16) in the carbonate preserves the ratio of the two oxygens in water molecules.
It is now understood that the ratio of oxygen isotopes reflects the proportion of the world"s water locked up in glaciers and ice sheets. A kind of meteorological distillation accounts for the link. Water molecules containing the heavier isotope tend to condense and fall as precipitation slightly sooner than molecules containing the lighter isotope. Hence, as water vapor evaporated from warm oceans moves away from its source, its oxygen- 18 returns more quickly to the oceans than does its oxygen-16. What falls as snow on distant ice sheets and mountain glaciers is relatively depleted of oxygen-18. As the oxygen-18-poor ice builds up, the oceans become relatively enriched in the isotope. The larger the ice sheets grow, the higher the proportion of oxygen-18 becomes in seawater--and hence in the sediments
Analyzing cores drilled from seafloor sediments, Emiliani found that the isotopic ratio rose and fell in rough accord with the Earth"s astronomical cycles. Since that pioneering observation, oxygenisotope measurements have been made on hundreds of cores. The combined record enables scientists to show that the re-cord contains the very periodicities as the orbital processes. Over the past 800, 000 years, the global ice volume peaked every 100,000 years, matching the period of the orbital eccentricity variation. In addition, "wrinkles" superposed on each cycle--small decreases or surges in ice volume--have come at intervals of roughly 23,000 and 41,000 years, in keeping with the precession and tilt frequencies of the Earth"s spin axis.
11.
In opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______
A unfolding a phenomenon
B posing a contrast
C refuting a speculation
D testifying a hypothesis
12.
The expression "waxings and wanings" (Paragraph 2) most probably means ______
A regularities and eccentricities
B vaporizations and sediments
C variants and constants
D maximizations an minimizations
13.
As pointed out in the text, the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in seafloor sediments and that of these isotopes locked in glaciers and ice-sheets are ______
A irrelevant
B correlated
C corresponding
D identical
14.
Single-cell marine organisms referred to as "foraminifera" as mentioned in the text might serve as ______
A a proof against the existence of oxygen-16
B a testimony to sediment formation processes
C a valid record justifying glacial periodic cycles
D an indicator of the ratio of the two oxygens
15.
What can we safely infer from the text?
A Many a phenomenon might be caused by astronomical factors
B Any hypothesis should be abandoned unless supported by solid records
C Glaciers are the records keeping Earth"s astronomical cycles
D Oxygen isotopes are evenly distributed throughout the earth surface
Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.
The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.
Every parent watches eagerly the child"s acquisition of each new skill--the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child"s own happiness and well-being.
16.
The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children ______.
A is to send them to clinics
B offers recapture of earlier experiences
C is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains
D is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced
17.
The child in the nursery ______.
A quickly learns to wait for food
B doesn"t initially sleep and wake at regular intervals
C always accepts the rhythm of the world around him
D always feels the word around him is warm and friendly
18.
The encouragement of children to achieve new skills ______.
A can never be taken too far
B should be left to school teachers
C will always assist their development
D should be balanced between two extremes
19.
Jigsaw puzzles are ______.
A too difficult for children
B a kind of building-block toy
C not very entertaining for adults
D suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation
20.
Parental controls and discipline ______.
A serve a dual purpose
B should be avoided as much as possible
C reflect the values of the community
D are designed to promote the child"s happiness
Part Ⅲ Cloze
The most exciting kind of education is also the most. Nothing can
1
the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you. It may be an idea or a bit of information you
2
across accidentally--or a sudden
3
, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal
4
are the "pay off"" in education. A. teacher may
5
you to learning and even encourage you in it--but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. That"s
6
to you.
A research paper,
7
in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor,
8
you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a
9
where the joy of discover and learning can come to you many times.
10
the research paper is an active and individual process, and ideal learning process. It provides a structure
11
which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self that are basic to education. But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to
12
a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others
13
you can do. Waiting a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in
14
out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis of many skills
15
to both academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovering education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly
16
experience!
To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages often more than ever produced
17
, is disconcerting. To others, the very idea of having to work
18
is threatening. But there is no need to approach the research paper assignment with anxiety, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to
19
Instead, consider it a goal to
20
, a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.
1.
A exterminate
B impulse
C intervene
D exceed
2.
A conform
B confront
C come
D console
3.
A insight
B relaxation
C relay
D ingredient
4.
A serials
B separations
C encounters
D segregations
5.
A help
B salute
C scrub
D direct
6.
A here
B off
C up
D with
7.
A assigning
B assigned
C lounged
D lounging
8.
A litters
B intervenes
C jots
D leads
9.
A process
B interface
C interpretation
D prosecution
10.
A Designing
B Designed
C Preparing
D Prepared
11.
A outside
B within
C without
D upon
12.
A grease
B glare
C suffix
D suit
13.
A which
B what
C how
D because
14.
A searching
B supplementing
C popularizing
D polarizing
15.
A arrogant
B concise
C chronic
D applicable
16.
A segmenting
B satisfying
C characterizing
D chartering
17.
A later
B beforehand
C afterwards
D before
18.
A accordingly
B acceptably
C independently
D infinitely
19.
A overwork
B overcome
C lumber
D lull
20.
A accelerate
B caution
C accomplish
D boycott
Part Ⅳ Translation
1.
Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being. Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy--including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it, but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts-- detract from well-being.
For most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side of the energy-well-being equation. Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organizations for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience, deprivation and constraints on growth. The 1970"s, then, represented a turning point. After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs--and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status--energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be probable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.