考博英语-99
(总分66, 做题时间90分钟)
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
(略)
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Directions: In this part of the test, there are 6 passages. Each passage is followed by some questions. You each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C an D. You should decide on the best answer by writing the correct choices on your Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
At no time in history has there been such a mass movement of people from countryside to city as is happening now. By the year 2030, it' s estimated that more than two thirds of the word' s population will be living in cities, twice as many as today. This means that the problems faced by cities to day-overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty, and lack of food water--will be twice as had in the next century, unless we find solutions soon.
Another serious issue is how to provide good transport to their citizens. Many world' s major cities are already struggling with out-of-date transport infrastructures. How can they deal with the additional demands in the 21stcentury?
London is a good example. It was the world' s first big city--the first with a population of a mil lion people. Its enlargement was made possible by the invention of the steam engine, which powered the world's first underground railway. But its transport systems are now hopelessly out-of-date, and need urgent modernization. London' s future success depends very much on transport.
Over a million people travel into central London every day from outside the city. They, and the people who live in London, want a public transport system that is fragment, safe and environmentally friendly. What they often get, however, falls far short of that ideal. Commuters complain about disorder, cost and pollution, while businesses worry about the problems their staff have in getting to work on time. Yet, the proportion of London households that own a car grew from just over 10 per cent in the early 1950s to over 60 percent today.
As the city has become increasingly crowded and polluted, there has been a growing realization that action is needed.
1.______ of the households in London owned a car in the early 1950s.
A Exactly 10%
B A little more than 10%
C Far less than 10%
D Over 60%
2.The pronoun "They" (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to ______.
A the London citizens
B those who commute to London from other places
C managers who are anxious about their staff getting to work
D passengers who make complaints
3.The following paragraph would most probably deal with ______.
A train and air travel
B traffic jams in London
C possible solutions to London' s poor transportation
D car ownership that continues to grow
4.It is believed that ______.
A overpopulation causes the problems in cities
B two-thirds of the world' s population are living in cities today
C it isn' t difficult to solve the problems faced by cities today
D with fewer people, we would be free from any problems
5."Environmentally friendly" (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to ______.
A cheap and convenient
B fair to all passengers
C like a friendly neighbor
D pleasant and unpolluted
Passage 2
Debbie is a divorcee who lives with her children. She works in a doctor' s office and enjoys the contact with people. Her son, John, age ten, stays with a neighbor both before and after school. Jennifer, her daughter, age five, goes to a day-care center.
Debbie' s daily responsibility often seems overwhelming. Each morning she prepares breakfast, fixes bag lunches and organizes things she and the children need to take for the day. Debbie insists her children make their beds before leaving in the morning. Neither child, however, is able to meet her standards, so she usually makes the beds while they are eating. The children watch television and usually are not ready to leave when they should be. Debbie has been late to work several times during the last few months.
Debbie feels guilty for not being more a part of her children' s day. John' s teacher recently sent a note home that expressed concern about his behavior.
Debbie is often too tired to give the children much attention during the evening. There is dinner to decide upon and prepare, laundry to do, and John' s homework to check. Also once a week it is Debbie' s turn to bake cookies for the day-care center' s afternoon snack. Most evenings, all Debbie really wants to do is have a glass of wine and relax.
During her childhood, Debbie' s mother devoted all of her time to homemaking. Debbie resents her role as a single parent. She projects her unhappiness to people she meets, Tardiness and stress are affecting her performance at work and she has been told that unless things improve, she will be terminated. She likes her job and the money meets her needs, but she feels trapped by her responsibilities at home and the expectations at work.
Debbie is a divorcee who lives with her children. She works in a doctor' s office and enjoys the contact with people. Her son, John, age ten, stays with a neighbor both before and after school. Jennifer, her daughter, age five, goes to a day-care center.
Debbie' s daily responsibility often seems overwhelming. Each morning she prepares breakfast, fixes bag lunches and organizes things she and the children need to take for the day. Debbie insists her children make their beds before leaving in the morning. Neither child, however, is able to meet her standards, so she usually makes the beds while they are eating. The children watch television and usually are not ready to leave when they should be. Debbie has been late to work several times during the last few months.
Debbie feels guilty for not being more a part of her children' s day. John' s teacher recently sent a note home that expressed concern about his behavior.
Debbie is often too tired to give the children much attention during the evening. There is dinner to decide upon and prepare, laundry to do, and John' s homework to check. Also once a week it is Debbie' s turn to bake cookies for the day-care center' s afternoon snack. Most evenings, all Debbie really wants to do is have a glass of wine and relax.
During her childhood, Debbie' s mother devoted all of her time to homemaking. Debbie resents her role as a single parent. She projects her unhappiness to people she meets, Tardiness and stress are affecting her performance at work and she has been told that unless things improve, she will be terminated. She likes her job and the money meets her needs, but she feels trapped by her responsibilities at home and the expectations at work.
6.We learn from the second paragraph that ______.
A the children learn how to make their beds
B the Debbie' s leave home without making the beds
C one of the children watches TV while eating breakfast
D the children fail to do what their mother wants them to do
7.If Debbie cannot manage family and work, she will ______.
A be dismissed from her job
B be transferred to another job
C have a cut in her salary
D devote all her time to homemaking
8.What is the main idea of this passage?
A How Debbie, a divorcee, raises her two children.
B How Debbie manages to do her work well.
C How Debbie feels both as a responsible mother and a devoted worker.
D How Debbie tries to be a single mother.
9.How does John behave in school?
A He does not behave well in school.
B He is concerned about others.
C He is disliked by everyone.
D He disobeys his teacher.
10.The word "overwhelming" in Line 1 Para. 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A great in amount
B annoying
C troublesome
D uncontrolled
Passage 3
Man has become master of the earth' s surface. He is constantly probing into the earth' s depths and into the atmosphere' s upper reaches. Yet it is doubtful whether man, with 'all of his intelligence and vigor, holds his planetary seat with greater assurance than a vast tribe of small, many-legged animals that pass their lives at his feet--the spiders.
Spiders are among the miracles of science. They dwell at higher altitudes than any other creature their size or lager. On the slopes of Mount Everest, at an altitude of twenty-two thousand feet-- five thousand feet above the vegetation line--lives a species of black spider only a quarter of an inch long. This is an incredible environment for creatures so delicately constructed. To protect themselves from the chill of night, they take shelter in crevices where the twenty-four-hour variation in temperature is only twelve degrees, as against forty-four on the outside.
Spiders inhabit others unlikely places--rabbit burrows, flowers, anthills, and the desolate, drafty aeries of eagles. They have been found soaring through the air five miles above the earth. One species has been discovered in an African cavern move than two thousand feet underground.
Man has become master of the earth' s surface. He is constantly probing into the earth' s depths and into the atmosphere' s upper reaches. Yet it is doubtful whether man, with 'all of his intelligence and vigor, holds his planetary seat with greater assurance than a vast tribe of small, many-legged animals that pass their lives at his feet--the spiders.
Spiders are among the miracles of science. They dwell at higher altitudes than any other creature their size or lager. On the slopes of Mount Everest, at an altitude of twenty-two thousand feet-- five thousand feet above the vegetation line--lives a species of black spider only a quarter of an inch long. This is an incredible environment for creatures so delicately constructed. To protect themselves from the chill of night, they take shelter in crevices where the twenty-four-hour variation in temperature is only twelve degrees, as against forty-four on the outside.
Spiders inhabit others unlikely places--rabbit burrows, flowers, anthills, and the desolate, drafty aeries of eagles. They have been found soaring through the air five miles above the earth. One species has been discovered in an African cavern move than two thousand feet underground.
11.The selection says that spiders have been discovered ______.
A five miles above earth
B more than 2000 feet underground
C everywhere that man has reached
D both A and B
12.Spiders "hold their planetary seat with assurance" because they are ______.
A more numerous than any other species
B able to adapt to hostile environments
C masters of the earth's surface
D all of the above
13.From the selection, we may conclude that ______.
A spiders have adapted to many unlikely environments
B on the whole spiders are delicate creatures
C a species of black spiders can live anywhere
D spiders are the greatest marvel of natural science
14.The species of black spiders discovered on Mount Everest is ______.
A the smallest species of spiders
B the highest altitude dweller among creatures of that size or larger
C the only creature that lives at that altitude
D capable of surviving in any environment
15.The author thinks that spiders ______.
A rival man as master of the earth
B are as firmly established on the earth as man
C are more vigorous than man
D are more firmly established on the earth than man
16.The writer is amazed by the black spider' s ______.
A delicate construction
B ability to live in such varied environments
C unusual intelligence
D ability to withstand extreme cold
Passage 4
Every animal is a living radiator--heat formed in its cells is given off through its skin. Warm blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by constantly replacing lost surface heat; smaller animals, which have more skin for every ounce of body weight, must produce heat faster than bigger ones. Because smaller animals burn fuel faster, scientists say they live faster.
The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring the rate at which it uses oxy gen. A chicken, for example, uses one-half cubit centimeter of oxygen every hour for each gram it weights. The tiny shrew uses four cubit centimeters of oxygen every hour for each gram it weights. Because it uses oxygen eight times as fast, it is said that the mouse-like shrew is living eight times as fast as the chicken. The smallest of the warm-blooded creatures, tile humming-bird, lives a hundred times as fast as an elephant.
There is a limit to how small a warm-blooded animal can be. A mammal or bird that weighted only two and a half grams would starve to death, h would bum up its food too rapidly and would not be able to eat fast enough to supply more fuel.
Every animal is a living radiator--heat formed in its cells is given off through its skin. Warm blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by constantly replacing lost surface heat; smaller animals, which have more skin for every ounce of body weight, must produce heat faster than bigger ones. Because smaller animals burn fuel faster, scientists say they live faster.
The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring the rate at which it uses oxy gen. A chicken, for example, uses one-half cubit centimeter of oxygen every hour for each gram it weights. The tiny shrew uses four cubit centimeters of oxygen every hour for each gram it weights. Because it uses oxygen eight times as fast, it is said that the mouse-like shrew is living eight times as fast as the chicken. The smallest of the warm-blooded creatures, tile humming-bird, lives a hundred times as fast as an elephant.
There is a limit to how small a warm-blooded animal can be. A mammal or bird that weighted only two and a half grams would starve to death, h would bum up its food too rapidly and would not be able to eat fast enough to supply more fuel.
17.Warm-blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by ______.
A storing heat in their body cells
B regulating the amount of heat produced
C regulating the amount of heat given off
D constantly replacing lost surface heart
18.The selection says that every animal is a living radiator because it ______.
A produces heat in its body cells
B burns fuel to produce heat
C gives off heat through its skin
D requires oxygen to produces heat
19.The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring ______.
A the amount of food it eats
B its body temperature
C the rate at which it uses oxygen
D the amount of oxygen it uses
20.An animal weighing less than 2.5 grams would starve because it would not be able to ______.
A get enough oxygen
B maintain its body temperature
C bum its food fast enough
D eat fast enough to supply fuel
21.Small animals are said to live faster than big ones because they ______.
A have more skin for every ounce of body weight
B replace lost heat faster
C bum fuel faster
D maintain a higher body temperature
Passage 5
Criticism of research lays a significant foundation for future investigative work, but when students begin their own projects, they are likely to that the standards of validity in fieldwork are considerably more rigorous than the standards for most library research. When students are faced with the concrete problem of proof by field demonstration, they usually discover that many of the "important relationships" they may have criticized other researchers for failing to demonstrate are very elusive indeed. They will find, if they submit an outline or questionnaire to their classmates for criticism, that other students make comments similar to some they themselves may have made in discussing previously published research. For example, student researchers are likely to begin with a general question but find themselves forced to narrow its focus. They may learn that question whose meanings seem perfectly obvious to them are not clearly understood by others, or that question which seem entirely objective to them appear to be highly biased to someone else. They usually find that the formulation of good research questions is a much more subtle and frustrating task than is generally believed by these who have not actually attempted it.
Criticism of research lays a significant foundation for future investigative work, but when students begin their own projects, they are likely to that the standards of validity in fieldwork are considerably more rigorous than the standards for most library research. When students are faced with the concrete problem of proof by field demonstration, they usually discover that many of the "important relationships" they may have criticized other researchers for failing to demonstrate are very elusive indeed. They will find, if they submit an outline or questionnaire to their classmates for criticism, that other students make comments similar to some they themselves may have made in discussing previously published research. For example, student researchers are likely to begin with a general question but find themselves forced to narrow its focus. They may learn that question whose meanings seem perfectly obvious to them are not clearly understood by others, or that question which seem entirely objective to them appear to be highly biased to someone else. They usually find that the formulation of good research questions is a much more subtle and frustrating task than is generally believed by these who have not actually attempted it.
22.According to the passage, how do students in class often react to another student' s re search?
A They react the way they do to any other research.
B They are especially critical of the quality of the research.
C They offer unusually good suggestions for improving the work.
D They show a lot of sympathy for the student researcher.
23.According to the passage, student researchers may have to change their research projects because
A their budgets are too high
B their original questions are too broad
C their teachers do not give adequate advice
D their time is very limited
24.What does the author think about trying to find weaknesses in other people' s research?
A It should only be attempted by experienced researchers.
B It may cause researchers to avoid publishing good work.
C It is currently being done to excess.
D It can be useful in planning future research.
25.According to the passage, what is one major criticism students often make of published research?
A The research has not been written in an interesting way.
B The research has been done in unimportant fields.
C The researchers did not adequately establish the relationships involved.
D The researchers failed to provide an appropriate summary.
26.According to the passage, what do student researchers often learn when they discuss their work in class?
A Other students rarely have objective comments about it.
B Other students do not believe the researchers did the work.
C Some students feel that the conclusions are too obvious.
D Some students do not understand the meaning of the researchers' questions.
Passage 6
Hundreds of species of marine life manage to survive even in the darkest depths of the ocean. These tenants of the deep have evolved some extremely ingenious devices for locating their food and enemies.
Where the light is very dim, some of these species have developed enormous eyes with almost telescopic lenses, very much like those of owls. Others, especially the fish that survive where there is no light at all, are quite blind but have developed long feelers that enable them to identify and collect stray bits of food that come within a considerable radius of them.
Some inhabitants of the deep supply their own light. They have built-in torches that they can switch on and off depending on whether they are pursuing of being pursued. Some have regular lamps, spots of steady light, which spread a faint glow through the water around them. One deepwater squid can squirt a luminous fluid that lights up its immediate vicinity, a neat variation on the ink ejected by its cousins nearer the surface to becloud and darken water. It is supposed that about half of the varieties of fish living in the dark depths of the ocean have some power of illumination.
Hundreds of species of marine life manage to survive even in the darkest depths of the ocean. These tenants of the deep have evolved some extremely ingenious devices for locating their food and enemies.
Where the light is very dim, some of these species have developed enormous eyes with almost telescopic lenses, very much like those of owls. Others, especially the fish that survive where there is no light at all, are quite blind but have developed long feelers that enable them to identify and collect stray bits of food that come within a considerable radius of them.
Some inhabitants of the deep supply their own light. They have built-in torches that they can switch on and off depending on whether they are pursuing of being pursued. Some have regular lamps, spots of steady light, which spread a faint glow through the water around them. One deepwater squid can squirt a luminous fluid that lights up its immediate vicinity, a neat variation on the ink ejected by its cousins nearer the surface to becloud and darken water. It is supposed that about half of the varieties of fish living in the dark depths of the ocean have some power of illumination.
27.The fish that have developed long feelers use them to ______.
A recognize food particles
B collect food
C locate food by sense of smell
D both A and B
28.Most of the marine species living in the darkest depths have ______.
A learned to live without light
B evolved ingenious devices to help them
C found ways to supply their own light
D developed extremely sensitive eyes
29.According to the selection some species that live where there is no light have ______.
A long, sensitive feelers
B luminous fins
C enormous owl-like eye
D no actual eyes
30.It is supposed that about half of the varieties of fish living in the dark depths have ______.
A evolved more than one means of creating light
B some power of illumination
C developed extremely sensitive feelers
D almost telescopic eyes
Part Ⅲ Blank Filling
Direction: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE suitable word and write your answers on your Answer Sheet.
Ninety-five percent of adult Americans sleep seven to eight hours a night. The rest seem to need more than nine hours, or get along nicely on less (1) six. What distinguishes the long and short sleepers (2) the majority? To get some answers psychologist Ernest Hermann in Boston and New York papers for long and (3) sleepers to engage in an eight-night "sleep in" at Boston State Hospital's Sleep and Dream laboratory. His findings indicate that such people differ (4) ordinary sleepers and each other not (5) much physically as psychologically. Testing showed significant psycho logical (6) between long and short sleepers. The shorts (7) to be emotionally stable. Their entire life-style (8) keeping busy and avoiding psychologist problem (9) than facing them. They were also awakened seldom during the night and rose in the (10) refreshed and ready to go.
Direction: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE suitable word and write your answers on your Answer Sheet.
Ninety-five percent of adult Americans sleep seven to eight hours a night. The rest seem to need more than nine hours, or get along nicely on less (1) six. What distinguishes the long and short sleepers (2) the majority? To get some answers psychologist Ernest Hermann in Boston and New York papers for long and (3) sleepers to engage in an eight-night "sleep in" at Boston State Hospital's Sleep and Dream laboratory. His findings indicate that such people differ (4) ordinary sleepers and each other not (5) much physically as psychologically. Testing showed significant psycho logical (6) between long and short sleepers. The shorts (7) to be emotionally stable. Their entire life-style (8) keeping busy and avoiding psychologist problem (9) than facing them. They were also awakened seldom during the night and rose in the (10) refreshed and ready to go.
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Part Ⅳ Translation
Part A
Directions: Put the following English into Chinese and write your translation on your Answer sheet.
Part A
Directions: Put the following English into Chinese and write your translation on your Answer sheet.
1.With the powerful central and local authority, high efficiency will be achieved in the Grand opening-up of Northwest. But for the economically laggard northwestern provinces, the two essentials of infrastructure and human resource need to be solved. As for infrastructure,, or the, capital required, the Chinese government has strengthened its investment and stipulated special policies to at tract foreign investment. Not many foreign investors can wait for the long-term return, so this part of capital should be solved by China itself. While the bottleneck of northwest is obvious inferiority in human resource cannot be neglected.
Part B
Directions: Put the following passage into English and write your translation on your Answer Sheet.
Directions: Put the following passage into English and write your translation on your Answer Sheet.
1.我想重新回到生活简简单单的时代。那时你所知道的只有色彩、乘法表和童谣(nursery rhymes),但是你不觉得缺什么——你不知道你所不了解的，所以也不会去在乎。你所知道的只是开心快乐，因为你对一切令人忧虑、沮丧的事物都浑然(blissfully)不觉。我想认为世界是公正的，每一个人都诚实善良；我想相信，任何事情都有可能发生。
Part Ⅵ Writing
Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled My view on Solving the Traffic Jam Problem in Big City. In the essay you should
Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled My view on Solving the Traffic Jam Problem in Big City. In the essay you should
1.describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2. give your comment on the phenomenon. You should write no less than 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.
答题卡