考博英语-324
(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)
Section Ⅰ Vocabulary
There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
1. 
The local authority______the company an interest-free loan to start up the new factory.

A granted
B allocated
C financed
D sponsored
2. 
She was complaining that the doctor was______too much for the treatment he was giving her.

A expending
B offering
C costing
D charging
3. 
The prices quoted above do not include any taxes and levies______upon the personnel by the government of the project-host country.

A imposed
B imported
C improved
D impressed
4. 
Since the matter was extremely ______, we dealt with it immediately.

A tough
B tense
C urgent
D instant
5. 
They are going to have the serviceman______an electric fan in the office tomorrow.

A install
B to install
C to be installed
D installed
6. 
The manager spoke highly of such______as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.

A virtues
B features
C properties
D characteristics
7. 
He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to ______the consequences.

A answer for
B run into
C abide by
D step into
8. 
I hope that you'll be more careful in typing the letter. Don't______anything.

A lack
B withdraw
C omit
D leak
9. 
Which sport has the most expenses______training equipment, players' personal equipment and uniforms?

A in place of
B in terms of
C by means of
D by way of
10. 
The monopoly-capitalist group______many smaller enterprises last year.

A integrated
B merged
C combined
D collected
11. 
I felt______to death because I could make nothing of the chairman's speech.

A fatigued
B tired
C exhausted
D bored
12. 
It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are______free medical care.

A entitled to
B involved in
C associated with
D assigned to
13. 
My father has been on the______in this factory for nearly 20 years.

A paypacket
B payoff
C payroll
D payment
14. 
Remember that customers don't______about prices in that city.

A debate
B consult
C dispute
D bargain
15. 
Your advice would be______valuable to him, who is at present at his wit's end.

A exceedingly
B excessively
C extensively
D exclusively
16. 
When he arrived, he found______the aged and the sick at home.

A none but
B none other than
C nothing but
D no other than
17. 
The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at_____.

A danger
B stake
C loss
D threat
18. 
______seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.

A By
B On
C At
D For
19. 
I'm sure he is up to the job______he would give his mind to it.

A if only
B in case
C until
D unless
20. 
When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at______.

A wrong
B trouble
C fault
D difficulty
Section Ⅱ Cloze
Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious  (21)  to how they can be best  (22)  such changes. Growing bodies need movement and  (23)  , but not just in ways that emphasize competition.  (24)  they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the  (25)  that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are  (26)  by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much com petition that it would be  (27)  to plan activities in which there are more winners than los ers,  (28)  ,  publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,  (29)   student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can pro vide  (30)  opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful  (31)  dynam ics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the  (32)  of some kind of organization with a supportive adult  (33)  visible in the back ground.
   In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have  (34)  at tention spans. A variety of activities should be organized  (35)  participants can remain ac tive as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and with out letting the other participants down.

21. 
A thought
B idea
C opinion
D advice
22. 
A strengthen
B accommodate
C stimulate
D enhance
23. 
A care
B nutrition
C exercise
D leisure
24. 
A If
B Although
C Whereas
D Because
25. 
A assistance
B guidance
C confidence
D tolerance
26. 
A claimed
B admired
C ignored
D surpassed
27. 
A improper
B risky
C fair
D wise
28. 
A in effect
B as a result
C for example
D in a sense
29. 
A displaying
B describing
C creating
D exchanging
30. 
A durable
B excessive
C surplus
D multiple
31. 
A group
B individual
C personnel
D corporation
32. 
A consent
B insurance
C admission
D security
33. 
A particularly
B barely
C definitely
D rarely
34. 
A similar
B long
C different
D short
35. 
A if only
B now that
C so that
D even if
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choo sing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
1

   What are those of us who have chosen careers in science and engineering able to do about our current problems?
   First, we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering have caused the current world trouble. On the contrary, science and engineering have made vast contributions to better living for more people.
   Second, we can identify the many areas in which science and technology, more con siderably used, can be of great service in the future than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we can make many speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of our envi ronment will be improved only through better knowledge and better application of that knowledge.
   Third, we can recognize that much of the dissatisfaction we suffer today results from our very successes of former years. We have been so greatly successful in attaining material goals that we are deeply dissatisfied that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly. We have achieved a better life for most people, but we are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have reduced many sources of environmental disasters, but we are unhap py that we have not conquered all of them. It is our raised expectations rather than our fail ures which now cause our distress.
   Granted that many of our current problems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than science and technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further advances in such things as clean air, clean water, better transportation, better medical care, more adequate welfare programs, purer food, con servation resources, and many other areas.

36. 
The author thinks that science and technology______.
A have caused the current world problems
B have made life better for more people
C will, if not in the past, better people's life in the future
D can not bring a better life for most people
37. 
According to the author, to improve the quality of environment, it is important to______.
A call on the public to action
B pass related law
C eliminate the destructive effect of science and technology
D use better knowledge of science and technology
38. 
We are not satisfied because_______.
A science and technology have created many social problems
B science and technology have brought about many environmental disasters
C science and technology have made us more distressed
D we expect too much of science and technology at present
39. 
The author believes that our current problems can be better solved by______.
A social, political, and economic means
B advances in science and technology
C effective law-making
D both A and B
40. 
The author points out that______.
A attention should be given to some areas of science and technology to better people'slife
B we should not expect science and technology to improve living conditions for all thepeople
C social political and economical means should not interfere with the advances in science and technology
D we should not use science and technology to achieve material goals
2

   Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their win dows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the po lice. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one's fellow man?
   "Not so," say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didn't act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.
   Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk, is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma from diabetes? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?
   Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it "steam pipes," Or is it really smoke from a fire? It's not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.
   Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personal ly responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won't get the help he needs.
   The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be "tested. " Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the "tests. " Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the "testing room" and the room into which she went.
   Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.
   Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of the ten helped. Of the students in group, none helped.
   In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn't. They do not feel any direct responsibility.
   Are people bothered by situation where people are in trouble? Yes, scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt that other person's trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.

41. 
The purpose of the passage is______.
A to explain why people fail to act in emergencies
B to explain when people will act in emergencies
C to explain what people will do in emergencies
D to explain how people feel in emergencies
42. 
Which of the following is NOT true?
A When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.
B When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth hishelp.
C A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.
D A person with a heart attack needs the most.
43. 
The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when______.
A they are in pairs
B they are in groups
C they are alone
D they are with their friends
44. 
The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that______.
A they are afraid of emergencies
B they are reluctant to get themselves involved
C others will act if fhey themselves hesitate
D they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help
45. 
The author suggests that______.
A we shouldn't blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies
B a person must feel guilty if he fails to help
C people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies
D when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway
3

   The rise of "temp" work has further magnified the decreasing rights and alienation of the worker. It is common corporate practice to phase out full-time employees and hire tem- porary workers to take on more workload in less time. When facing a pressing deadline, a corporation may pay﹩15～﹩20 per hour for a temp worker, but the temp worker will only see﹩7 or﹩8 of that money. The rest goes to temp agency, which is usually a corpo- rate chain, such as Kelly Services, that blatantly makes its profits off other people's labor. This increases profits of the corporations because they can increase a workload, get rid of the employee when they're finished, and not worry about paying benefits or unemployment for that employee. I have had to work with temps a few times in my current position, and the workers only want one thing—a full-time job with benefits. We really wanted to hire one temp I was working with, but we could not offer her a full-time job because it would have been a breach in our contract with the temp agency that employed her. To hire a temp full-time, we would have had to pay the agency over a thousand dollars. Through this practice and policy, the temp agency locks its temporary workers into a horrible new form of servitude from which the workers cannot break free.
   Furthermore, corporate powers push workers to take on bigger workloads, work lon ger hours, and accept less benefits by instilling a paranoia in their workforce. The capital ist bosses assume dishonesty, disloyalty, and laziness amongst workers, and they breed a sense of guilt and fear through their assumptions. Where guilt doesn't seep in, bitterness, anger, and depression take over, the highest priorities of Big Business are to increase profits and limit liabilities. Personal relations and human needs are last on their list of pri orities. So what we see is a huge mass of people who are alienated, distempered, over worked, mentally and physically ill and who spend the vast majority of their time and energy on their basic survival. They are denied a chance to really "love," because they are forced to make profits for the capitalists in power.

46. 
Which of the following can NOT be listed as a reason for corporations'hiring temporary workers and phasing out full-time employees?
A Corporations intend to leave more workload to temporary workers.
B Temp workers are generally well-trained and can achieve high efficiency.
C Corporations can reduce their production cost by employing temp workers.
D Corporations can benefit a great deal from keeping a small full-time work forc
47. 
According to the first paragraph, which statement is true?
A Temp workers seem to be satisfied with their conditions.
B Temp agencies have made it possible for temp workers.
C Temp workers are fairly paid by their agencies.
D It's difficult for temp workers to be employed as full-time workers.
48. 
The main purpose of the last paragraph is to______.
A show how much the capitalist bosses distrust temp workers
B reveal that temp workers are living in misery
C arouse reader's hatred for the capitalists
D severely criticize the ignorance of the temp workers
49. 
The author's attitude toward the temp workers can be described as______.
A amicable
B depressed
C sympathetic
D hostile
50. 
The word "liabilities" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to______.
A risks in hiring temp workers
B duties distributed to workers
C responsibilities shared by temp workers
D considerations offered to temp workers
4  

   Once upon a time, innovation at Procter & Gamble flowed one way: from the United States outward. While the large Cincinnati-based corporation was no stranger to foreign markets, it usually sold them products that were already familiar to most Ameri- cans. Many Japanese families, for instance, swaddle their babies in Pampers diapers, and lots of Venezuelans brush their teeth with Crest. And of course ( company executives assumed) Amer- icans at home wanted these same familiar, red-white and blue brands. We might buy foreign-made cars, or chocolates, or cameras but household cleaners and detergents?
   Recently, however, P & G broke with this long-standing tradition. Ariel, a P & G laundry detergent, was born overseas, and is a familiar sight on store shelves in Europe and Latin America. Now bilingual packages of Ariel Ultra, a super-concentrated cleaner, are appearing on supermarket shelves in Los Angeles.
   Ariel's appearance in the United States reflects demographic changes making Hispanics the nation's fastest-growing ethnic group. Ariel is a hit with this population. In fact, many Mexican immigrants living in Southern California have been "importing" Ariel from Tijuana, Mexico.  "Hispanics knew this product and wanted it," says P & G spokeswoman Marie Salvado.  "We realized that we couldn't convince them to buy (our) other laundry detergents. " P & G hopes that non-Hispanic consumers will give Ariel a try too.
   Ariel's already strong presence in Europe may provide a springboard for the company to expand into other markets as well. Recently P & G bought R akona, Czechoslovakia's top detergent maker. Ariel, currently a top seller in Germany, is likely to be one of the first new brands to appear in Czech supermarkets. And Ariel is not the only foreign idea that the company hopes to transplant back to its home territory. Cinch, an all-purpose spray cleaner similar to popular European products, is currently being test-marketed in California and Arizona. Traditionally Americans have used separate cleaners for different types of surfaces, but market research shows that American preferences are becoming more like those in other countries.
   Insiders note that this new reverse flow of innovation reflects more sweeping changes at Procter & Gamble. The firm has hired many new Japanese, German, and Mexican man- agers who view P~G's business not as a one-way flow of American ideas, but a two-way exchange with other markets. Says Bonita Austin of the investment firm Wertheim Schroeder, "When you met with P & G's top managers years ago, you wouldn't have seen a single for- eign face. " Today, "they could even be in the majority. "
   As Procter & Gamble has found, the United States is no longer an isolated mar- ket. Americans are more open than ever before to buying foreign-made products and to sell- ing U.S. made products overseas.

51. 
According to the passage, all of the following are true about Ariel except______.
A it is the best seller in Czechoslovakia
B it is a laundry detergent product of Procter & Gamble
C Ariel was born outside the United States
D it already enjoys popularity in Europe
52. 
According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A The brands of Pampers, Crest, Ariel, and Cinch reflect the one-way flow tradi- tion of Procter & Gamble.
B In spite of market changes, Procter & Gamble still sticks to its long-standing tra- dition of one-way flow innovation.
C Procter & Gamble has to change its one-way flow tradition because of the increased number of its foreign managers.
D Today one may meet more foreign faces in Procter & Gamble than years ago.
53. 
The "insider" (Line 1, Par
A 5) is most probably______.A. someone who buys both Ariel and CinchB. someone who works within Procter & Gamble or knows it fairly wellC. someone who is a loyal customer of ArielD. someone who once worked within Rakona
54. 
According to the passage, Procter & Gamble hopes to transplant foreign idea back to its home territory because______.
A Americans are more likely to buy foreign-made products than before
B for most Americans foreign products are much more attractive than home-made ones
C the company has found that foreign-made products are superior to home-made ones in terms of quality
D the company has hired more foreigners in its top management than before
55. 
The author may most probably agree that______.
A it is a trend that businesses today go global
B businesses today are very reluctant to go global
C American businesses can make more money if they only sei1 home-made products
D the market of the United States should not be that open
Section Ⅳ Translation
In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences undertined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
56. 
When you are in the business of sending spacecraft to other planets, it is probably wise to do everything you can to keep your space-probes sterile(无菌的). NASA, America's space agency, certainly does so. After all, you would not want bugs from one planet to contaminate another where they might possibly thrive.
   But according to Curt Mileikowsky, of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stock-holm, this may already have happened naturally billions of years ago when the solar system was young. For Dr Mileikowsky has taken a century-old idea called panspermia (有生 源说), and shown that it is plausible.

57. 
Panspermia is the theory that life does not start independently on each planet that has it (assuming that other planets do). Rather, it hops from place to place,  "infecting" new worlds as it goes. Supported by experts in biology, geology and ceIestial mechanics, Dr Mileikowsky argued to the American Astronomical Society meeting in Atlanta that this is not as outlandish as it sounds.

58. 
Bungling (笨手笨脚的) space organizations apart, the only mode of travel open to microbes seems to be meteorites (流星). Most of these are small bits of junk from the asteroid (小行星) belt that have gone off course. But some are rocks that have been flung into space from the surfaces of planets as a result of those planets having been struck by even larger bits of rock—decent-sized asteroids or comets.

59. 
If there is life on such a planet, microscopic forms of it will probably live deep in side rocks, as they do on earth. The acceleration of lift-off would not kill something that size.

60. 
If a rock is large enough, the heat generated as it is thrown clear will be negligible except at its surface—where, if anything, melting may even produce an airtight skin to protect any microbes deeper down from the unpleasant vacuum of space.

Section Ⅴ Writing

1. 
Nowadays we can see American films and TV programs pouring in,fast food res taurants popping up in our cities, and many other imported products dominating our markets. Many people are happy to see them whereas others worry about such trends. Give your opinion in an essay of no less than 250 words.