The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in humans" relationship with their environment. It
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changed every aspect of human life and lifestyles. The
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on the world"s psyche would not
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much attention till the early 1960s. From human development, health and life longevity to public health, energy usage and sanitation, the effects were
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.
It wasn"t
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the Industrial Revolution became an irresistible force overnight. It started in the mid-1700s in Great Britain when machinery began to replace manual labor. Fossil fuels replaced wind, water and wood, used
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for the manufacture of textiles and the development of iron making processes. The full impact would not begin to be realized until about 100 years later in the 1800s,
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the use of machines to replace human labor spread throughout Europe and North America. This transformation is
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as the industrialization of the world. These processes
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sweeping increases in production capacity and were to affect all basic human needs. Not only did society develop the
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to have more things faster, but it would be able to develop better things. These industrialization processes continue today and are likely to be long-lasting.
At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change. One of the more obvious changes has occurred in the roles that women
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. Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, while maintaining their family roles of nurturing and creating a (n)
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that is a haven for all family members.
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many women experience strain from trying to "do it all," they often enjoy the increased rewards that can result from playing multiple roles. As women"s roles have changed, changing expectations about men"s roles have become more
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Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility
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the family provider. Probably the most significant change in men"s roles, however, is in the emotional
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of family life. Men are increasingly expected to meet the emotional needs of their families, especially their wives.
In fact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become more significant for marriage in general. Research on
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marriage has changed over recent decades points to the increasing importance of the emotional side of the relationships and the importance of sharing in the "emotion work"
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to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent,
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both partners nurture each other, attend and respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men"s and women"s roles are becoming increasingly more
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