There has been a lot of hand-wringing over the death of Elizabeth Steinberg. Without blaming anyone in particular, neighbors, friends, social workers, the police and news- paper editors have struggled to define the community's responsibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As the collective soul-searching continues, there is a pervading sense that the system failed her.
   The fact is, in New York State the system couldn't have saved her. It is almost impos sible to protect a child from violent parents, especially if they are white, middle-class, well-educated and represented by counsel.
   Why does the state permit violence against children? There are a number of reasons. First, parental privilege is a rationalization. In the past, the law was giving its approval to the biblical injunction against sparing the rod.
   Second, while everyone agrees that the state must act to remove children from their homes when there is danger of serious physical or emotional harm, many child advocates believe that state intervention in the absence of serious injury is more harmful than helpful.
   Third, courts and legislatures tread carefully when their actions intrude or threaten to intrude on a relationship protected by the Constitution. In 1923, the Supreme Court recog nized the "liberty of parent and guardian to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control. " More recently, in 1977, it upheld the teacher's privilege to use cor poral punishment against schoolchildren. Read together, these decisions give the constitu tional imprimatur to parental use of physical force.
   Under the best conditions, small children depend utterly on their parents for surviv al. Under the worst, their dependency dooms them. While it is questionable whether any one or anything could have saved Elizabeth Steinberg, it is plain that the law provided no protection.
To the contrary, by justifying the use of physical force against children as an accepta ble method of education and control, the law lent a measure of plausibility and legitimacy to her parents' conduct.
   More than 80 years ago, in the teeth of parental resistance and Supreme Court doc trine, the New York State Legislature acted to eliminate child labor law. Now, the state must act to eliminate child abuse by banning corporal punishment. To break the vicious cy cle of violence, nothing less will answer. If there is a lesson to be drawn from the death of Elizabeth Steinberg, it is this: spare the rod and spare the child.

1. 
The New York State law seems to provide least protection of a child from violent parents of______.

A a family on welfare

B a poor uneducated family

C an educated black family

D a middle-class white family

2. 
"sparing the rod" (Line 3, Par

A 3) means______.A. spoiling childrenB. punishing childrenC. not caring about childrenD. not beating children

3. 
Corporal punishment against schoolchildren is______.

A taken as illegal in the New York State

B considered being in the teacher's province

C officially approved by law

D disapproved by school teachers

4. 
From the article we can infer that Elizabeth Steinberg is probably the victim of______.

A teachers' corporal punishment

B misjudgment of the court

C parents' ill-treatment

D street violence

5. 
The writer of this article thinks that banning corporal punishment will in the long run______.

A prevent violence of adults

B save more children

C protect children from ill-treatment

D better the system

   The longitudinal study demonstrates that students who receive ESL (English as a sec ond language) instruction are far better than those taught primarily in their native lan guage. A comparison of the three-year exit rates for students in ESL and bilingual programs shows that those who receive ESL instruction test out faster and in higher percentages than those who receive instruction in their native language, regardless of the grade in which they entered school. For example, 79.3 percent of the children who entered ESL programs in kindergarten tested out, while only 51.5 percent of those who received their education in their native languages did. Likewise, 72.9 percent of the LEP (limited English profi ciency) students who entered programs in the first grade tested out. while only 38.5 of those in bilingual programs did. For students who entered LEP programs in the ninth grade, 91.6 percent of those in native-language instruction classes still hadn't tested out after three years, as compared with 78.1 percent of those in ESL classes.
   Furthermore, children who had been in ESL classes tested 4 higher in English and math once they exited LEP programs than those who had received native-language instruc tion. Of the LEP students who entered in kindergarten or the first grade, 49 percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually read at grade level, while only 32 percent of those who had been in bilingual classes performed that well. In math. the statistics are even more impressive. Of the children who entered in kindergarten or the first grade, more than 69 percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually performed at grade level or above, as opposed to 54 percent of those who had been in bilingual classes.
   Naturally, the study provoked a barrage of criticism from the highly political and vo cal bilingual lobby, which prompted the New York City Board of Education to issue a pa per in November 1994 mitigating the findings of the study and ignoring the distinction be tween students in ESL and bilingual education programs. Rather than exit rates, this paper focuses on the achievement of LEP students during the period in which they are in bilingual or ESL classes. The authors show that although the scores of LEP students were below av erage on the English-language test, their scores in all areas showed improvement; they point out that in math, there were insufficient data on the progress of LEP students to draw valid conclusions.
   However, a report on citywide mathematics test results in New York in the spring of 1995 deals more fully with the math scores of the 26,248 students who were examined the previous school year in Chinese, Spanish, or Haitian Creole. According to this document, only 16.6 percent of these children performing at or above grade level in mathemat ics. Although this represents an improvement of 1.1 percent over the scores of the previous year, it discredits the argument that native-language instruction keeps performing at grade level in subject areas. Although LEP students are improving faster than the national norm, they continue to perform far below the norm.

6. 
This text is mainly______.

A a review of ESL, bilingual and LEP instructions

B a survey of new approaches to subject instructions

C about the merits of LEP education program

D about the achievements of bilingual and ESL programs

7. 
From Paragraph 1 we learn that______.

A ESL instruction could test students faster than LEP instruction

B LEP students performed worse than did ESL students

C native-ianguage instruction classes seemed to fail utterly

D the data of the longitudinal study were likely tentative

8. 
The author believes (Par

A 2) that______.A. ESL children tested higher in English than LEP childrenB. bilingual programs failed the students performing well in mathC. the math data are still more credible than those on EnglishD. bilingual classes had 54% of students exiting from grade level

9. 
It can be inferred that the paper mentioned in Paragraph 4______.

A has devalued the findings of the longitudinal study

B has dimmed the differences between students in different programs

C focuses on the subject achievements of LEP students

D seeks out the insufficient points in the longitudinal study

10. 
According to the NY 1995 report, it is unbelievable that______.

A a great number of multilingual students were examined accurately

B native-language instruction keeps performing well in subjects

C any document on subject instructions can draw valid conclusions

D LEP students are improving faster than the national norm

That evening roving gangs of white teenagers began to attack blacks in downtown Chicago, and the city erupted in a five-day race_______that ended with 38 deaths, 537 serious injuries, and widespread destruction.

A fuss

B maneuver

C deterioration

D riot

While researchers may not______the expansive claims of hard-core vitamin en thusiasts, evidence suggests that the nutrients play a much more complex role in assuring vitality and optimal health than was previously thought.

A authorize

B license

C counteract

D endorse

They found that an individual tends to conform to a_______group judgment even when that judgment is obviously in error.

A unanimous

B singular

C coherent

D versatile

She wanted desperately to turn the flower-painted china______on the apple- green door, and go through, but somehow she could not.

A frame

B pole

C pan

D knob

In 1844, Charles Stun, a British soldier and colonial administrator, made an ex pedition_______a supposed inland sea; his party penetrated more than 1,000 miles northward, almost to the center of Australia.
   A. in quest of        I3. with regard to       C. in favor of         D. by way of

Absorbed in her work, she was totally______her surroundings.

A liable for

B separated by

C oblivious of

D concerned about

She has______some brilliant scheme to double her income.
   A. come out          13. come up with        C. come to            D. come about

The character armor consists of defensive character traits, like arrogance or appre
hensiveness, that developed in childhood to_______painful feelings.

A turn aside

B ward off

C bread up

D watch over

"This park has more than 200 waterfalls that are 15 feet or higher. And 150 of them have never been mapped or photographed," says park historian Lee Whittlesey. "Now that's a______to the size of Yellowstone. "
   A. proposition       ]3. hypothesis           C. ceremony          D. testimony

Every year a number of students graduate from the school which will_______new students the first week in September.

A enroll

B recruit

C collect

D reproduce

When I found the light switch, the unshaded bulb only illuminated two small cats, sitting on the table______round the inside of the empty ham tin.

A swallowing

B gorging

C licking

D digesting

So far as the food industry is concerned, the processing of sheep and lambs is rela tively_______in the United States, accounting for only about 7 percent of meat-packing production.
   A. irrelevant         ]3. appropriate          C. negligible          D. redundant

Could a mechanical device ever_______human intelligence—the ultimate test be ing whether it could cause a real human to fall in love with it?

A destroy

B duplicate

C forge

D eliminate

The renaissance was a(n)_______of unparalleled cultural achievement and had a great impact on almost all European countries.

A moment

B dynasty

C instant

D epoch

Some readers may find it______that a book arguing for greater literacy and in tellectual discipline should lead to a call for less rather than more education.

A appealing

B controversial

C paradoxical

D ambiguous

Why do teens drink? Reasons vary from______pressure to family patterns to so cial conditioning.

A spouse

B peer

C antagonist

D competitor

As the case of Amitar Ray and his family exemplifies, professional immigrants are among the most rapidly______first because of their occupational success and second be cause of the absence of strong ethnic networks that reinforce the culture of origin.

A assimilated

B consumed

C accustomed

D fascinated

The headquarters of this textile company is in New York while its 20______. companies are located in different parts of the world.

A parent

B subsidiary

C inferior

D ultimate

The______of such I. Q. tests full of questions on American culture was not questioned at that time.

A significance

B validity

C efficiency

D justification

The little girl is just learning to walk and she's always______over.

A tumbling

B wagging

C waving

D swaying

A teacher is someone who communicates information or skill SO that someone else may learn．Parents are the  (51)  teachers．Just by living with their child and  (52)  their every day activities with him，they teach him their language，their values and their man— ners．Information and skills difficult to teach  (53)  family living are taught in a school by a person  (54)  special occupation is teaching．
   Before 1900 it  (55)  widely assumed that a man was qualified to teach if he could read and write and  (56)  qualified if he knew arithmetic．With modest  (57)  like these，it is no  (58)  that teachers had low salaries and little prestige．Literature and history frequently portray teachers  (59)  fools and ignoramuses．
   By the late 1 9th century，there were  (60)  that the status of teachers was slowly  (61)  .Great educators such as Mann and Henry Barnard，and innovative thinkers such as Dewey and Parker began to command a  (62)  that in a few decades had to some  (63)   permeated classrooms in the United States．Progress was more glacial than meteoric，how ever，  (64)  the last half of the century．
   In the 20th century the status of teachers rose as the standards  (65)  their education rose．By 1950 the average teacher had an education that greatly exceeded that of the average citizen．

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被与自己的思想、信仰及兴趣相仿的人所吸引，那是很自然的事。同样，与体貌特征 跟自己相仿的人相处，亦让人感到舒适。
   您也许已经注意到生活和工作中紧密相处的人是如何在举止上趋于类同的。我们常常 会不自觉地模仿我们所接近、所爱、所仰慕的人。因此，球迷会模仿某个运动员独有的耸 肩行走的样子；一对情人连摇头的方式也相同；而雇员则会学他老板的习惯，也在思考问 题时手指间玩弄一支笔。
   有影响的人物并非在所有的情形中都有意识地觉察到这种仿效，但是这种仿效的存在 会使他感到舒服。如果他确实察觉到别人的手势或动作与他一样，他会感到高兴，因为那 意味着他对别人产生影响，他对这些人有吸引力。