四川大学真题2005年
| We are all naturally attracted to
people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own. Similarly, we feel
comfortable with people with physical qualities similar to ours. You may have noticed how people who live or work closely together come to behave in a similar way. Unconsciously we copy those we are close to or love or admire, So a sportsman's individual, way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by an admiring fan; a pair of lovers both shake their heads in the same way; an employee finds him- self duplicating his boss' habit of wagging a pen between his fingers while thinking. In every case, the influential person may not consciously notice the imitation, but he will feel comfortable in its presence. And if he does notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing people: they are drawn to him. Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection and respect in this way without being aware of their methods. Now, for people who want to win agreement or trust, affection or sympathy, some psychologists recommend the deliberate use of physical mirroring. The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer's movements, tilting her head in the same way to judge a color match, or folding her arms a few seconds after the customer, as though consciously attracted by her. The customer feels that the saleswoman is in sympathy with her, and understands her needs--a promising relationship for a sale to take place. The clever lawyer, trying in a law-court to influence a judge, imitates the great man's shrugging of his shoulders, the tone of his voice and the rhythm of his speech. Of course, physical mirroring must be subtle. If you blink every time your target blinks, or bite your bottom lip every time he does, your mirroring has become mockery and you can expect trouble. So, if you can't model sympathetically, don't play the game. |
1.According to the passage, "physical mirroring" (Pare. 3) means ______.
A the comfortable feeling about people with physical qualities similar to ours
B the imitation of the gestures or movements of those we are close to, or love, or admire
C the attraction to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own
D the fact that people living or working closely together behave in a similar way
2.Physical mirroring can cause trouble if ______.
A the mirroring has become mockery
B the person mirrored finds that people are drawn to him
C the lawyer shrugs his shoulders the way the judge does
D it has been found to be deliberately used
3.According to the author, which of the following is not a deliberate use of physical mirroring?
A A saleswoman tilts her head after her customer to judge a color match.
B A lawyer emulates the tone of the judge's voice and the rhythm of his speech.
C A naughty boy blinks every time the teacher blinks.
D Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends all their lives.
4.Which of the following is true?
A The lawyer who imitates the judge is trying to influence him.
B The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer's movements because she is un- consciously attracted by her.
C Physical mirroring is always flattering to those who are imitated.
D Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances because they want to win their affection and respect in this way.
5.The paragraph following this passage will most probably move on to ______.
A the importance of physical mirroring in daily life
B the troubles caused by the deliberate use of physical mirroring
C an explanation of physical mirroring by a behavioral scientist
D some ways to prevent physical mirroring from offending
| The most interesting architectural
phenomenon of the 1970's was the enthusiasm for refurbishing older buildings.
Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale
interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive re- habilitation. A few
trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their
financial viability in the 1960's, but it was in the 1970's, with strong
government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as
growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the
urban scene. One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston's eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking. Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights. San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio's leaders rehabilitated existing structures while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which meanders through the business district. |
6.What is the main idea of the passage?
A The architectural phenomenon of the 1970's.
B Tile architectural style from 1824 to 1970's.
C In the 1970's, recycling old buildings became famous.
D During the 1970's, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use.
7.Tile apace at Quincy Market is now used for ______.
A restaurants, offices and stores
B sports and recreational facilities
C Boston's new city hall
D a marvelous setting for commerce
8.In which of the following ways does the passage state that the San Antonio project differed from those in Boston and Minneapolis?
A It was designded to combat urban decay.
B It occurred in the business district.
C It involved the environment as well as buildings.
D It consisted primarily of new construction.
9.What is the author's opinion of the San Antonio project?
A It is clearly the best of the projects discussed.
B It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.
C the extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.
D The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings.
10.Which of the following is true?
A The San Antonio example shows the enthusiasm for refurbishing older buildings.
B Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of some rivers.
C Benjamin Thompson was the designer for a project in Boston.
D Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston.
| It is hard to predict how science is
going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict.
If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in
advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you
don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and
disturbing pieces of informantion, along with the neat and promptly useful
bits. The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science and the human intellect, In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Be- cause of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted but we are making a beginning and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we call think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention. |
11.Accrding to the author, really good science ______.
A will bring about surprising and disturbing results
B will produce results which cannot be foreseen
C will help people to make the right choice in advance
D would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment
12.It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century ______.
A thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science
B did no more than good in promoting man's understanding of nature
C knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature
D were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research
13.Which of the following statements is not true of scientists in earlier times?
A They paid little attention to the problems they didn't understand.
B They invented false theories to explain things they didn't understand.
C They falsely claimed to know all about nature.
D They did not believe in results from scientific observation.
14.What is the author's attitude towards science?
A He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.
B He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.
C He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.
D He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.
15.The author believes that ______.
A man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up
B man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect
C sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature arid answer them
D questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research
| At its best, any prison is so unnatural
a form of segregation from normal life that-- like too-loving parents and too
zealous religion and all other well-meant violations of individuality-it helps
to prevent the vicitims from resuming when they are let out, any natural role in
human society. At its worst, the prison is almost scientifically designed to
develop by force--ripening every one of the antisocial traits for which we
suppose ourselves to put people into prison (I say "suppose", because actually
we put people into prison only because we don't know what else to do with them).
The prison makes the man who is sexually abnormal, sexually a maniac. The prison
makes the man who enjoyed beating fellow drunks in a bar-room come out wanting
to kill a policeman. Probably we cannot tomorrow turn all the so-called criminals loose and close the jails--though, of course that is just what we are doing by letting them go at the end of their sentences. No society cannot free the victims. Society has unfitted liar freedom. Doubtless, since the Millennium is still centuries ahead, it is advisable to make prisons as sanitary and well-lighted as possible, that the convicts may live out their living death more comfortably. Only keep your philosophy straight. Do not imagine that when you have by carelessness in no inoculating them, let your victims get smallpox, you are going to save them or exonerate yourselves by bathing their brows, however grateful the bathing may be. |
16.The author says that prison is like some parents, or like some kinds of religion, in that it ______.
A makes people incapable of living independently
B doesn't train people for useful work
C is too kind for people to live freely
D is too strict for people to live freely
17.According to the passage, prison ______ in some way.
A makes prisoners violent
B makes criminal characteristics worse
C causes sexual problems in most prisoners
D destroys prisoners' spirits
18.Why, according to the author, can't we let all the prisoners free?
A Because society can not allow it.
B Because some of them have become maniac.
C Because some of them are too dangerous.
D Because some of them have been made antisocial.
19.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the last sentence but one?
A You can't reform prisoners by kind treatment.
B It is easy to catch diseases such as smallpox in prison.
C Society makes criminalls; it shouldn't feel it's done enough for them by creating good prison conditions.
D In any kind of political or social Conditions, it is natural that some people should turn out to be enemies of society.
20.Which of the following seems to you to give the best summary of the passage?
A It is true that prison makes some criminals worse, but society cannot be blamed for this--there is no other solution in an imperfect world.
B Putting people into prison makes some of them worse. We should make prison conditions as good as possible, but this is by no means our only duty to criminals.
C Prison should be severe enough to act like a smallpox inoculation, and so pre- vent the criminal from catching the "disease" again.
D The only real solution is to keep sexual and violent criminals in prison in as good conditions as possible to live out their "living death".
| A new look at an asteroid orbiting the
sun shows it could possibly smash into the Earth with tremendous force.
But experts say the potential impact is still 872 years away, time enough
for the speeding space rock to alter its course. Named 1950DA, the asteroid--1 kilometer wide--is the most threatening to the Earth of all of the known large asteroids, but the odds are only adout one in 300 that it would impact the planet, researchers said. "One in 300 is pretty long odds," said Jon D. Giorgini, a scientist in Califonia. "I'm not personally going to worry about it. It is so far in the future that lots of things could change." There are approximately 1,000 asteroids bigger than a kilometer that can pass near the Earth in their orbit of the sun. About 580 have been found and their orbits plotted. Of these, only 1950DA represents a possible threat. Scientists continue an effort to identify all the other large asteroids that pass near the Earth, and it is their great hope that they don't find any that are greater threats. If 1950DA did hit the Earth, said Giorgini, it would have planet-wide effects, setting off fires, changing the weather and perhaps creating immense tidal waves. But it would not be a planet killer like the asteroid thought to have snuffed out the dinosaure some 65 millions years ago. Asteroid 1950DA was first discovered in 1950, but then not noted in astronomy logs again for decades. It was rediscovered in the year 2000 and in March 2001 whizzed within about 77 million miles of Earth, giving astronomers an opportunity to gather visual and radar readings. From that, the astronomers projected the orbital path 1950DA would take on its next 15 near passes of the Earth--over a period covering nearly nine centuries. For the 15th near pass, on March 16,2880, the analysis showed it was mathematically possible, though unlikely, that the asteroid could hit the Earth. He said the highest probability is that the asteroid in 2880 will miss the Earth by about 290, 000 kilometers--a distance closer than the 370, 000-kilometer orbit of the Moon around the Earth. |
21.Talking about asteroids, the author tells us that ______.
A nothing can alter the course of an asteroid in its orbit of the sun
B only about one in 300 asteroids near the sun would hit the Earth
C scientist have managed to identify all the asteroids orbiting the sun
D there is no immediate threat to the Earth from an asteroid
22.We can infer from the passage that ______.
A larger asteroids are more likely to smash into the Earth
B an asteroid will probably just miss the Earth in 2880
C asteroids will eventually bring great destruction to the Earth
D no asteroid was noted in astronomy logs before 1950
23.Judging from the context, the word "whizzed" most probably means "______".
A kept turning around quickly
B went into and out of its orbit quickly,
C moved very fast
D exploded all the while
24.According to the passage, which of the folloving statements is true? A. Scientists have managed to know more things about asteroid 1950D
A
B Many people seem to be worried about the predicted asteroid smash.
C Scientists are atill quite optimistic about man's future.
D The Earth is faced with frequent threats from space.
25.The best title for the passage is ______.
A Possible Asteroid Smash in the Future
B New Discoveries about 1950DA
C Asteroids in the Solar System
D Future Threat--An Asteroid Smash into the Earth
| Participant observation also reflects
anthropology's dual nature as both a scientific and a humanistic discipline.
Through the stress on participation and getting the insider's view,
anthropologists of necessity become personally involved with their subjects.
They show a humanistic concern for the people they study, and through their
attempts to understand and describe people's behavior they help give outsiders a
rich appreciation for other people and other ways. Nevertheless, with its stress
on observation, anthropologists strive to fulfill the requirements of a
scientific discipline. Anthropologists strive for objectivity and accuracy. They
often actually count, for example, the number of times specific behavior
patterns occur and under what circumstances they use this data for empirical
studies that integrate their observations into general laws of human
behavior. Understanding anthropology requires understanding its dual nature. Perhaps two inelegant but useful terms borrowed from linguistics will help. Emic refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) through which the bearers of a particular culture perceive the world. Eric refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) used by Western social scientists to explain the word. In other words, the emic view is the insider's, the participant's view, and the etic is the outsider's, the scientific observer's view. Pierre's emic view of his death, for exam- pie, is that he died from the power of the sorcerer; the anthropologist's "etic view" is that he died from physiological effects of fear, induced by his belief in the sorcerer. Both views are valid under the proper circumstances, but anthropology requires that they be clearly distinguished from each other because they derive from different methodologies, consist of different kinds of data, and lead to different types of knowledge. Together they facilitate a complete understanding of a culture. Anthroplogy's uniqueness lies in the fact that it encompasses them both. |
26.In this passage the author mainly attempts to ______.
A explain what anthropology is concerned with
B compare two different schools of anthropology
C show people how anthropologists do their studies
D distinguish anthropology from other disciplines
27.Which of the following has been mentioned by the author as essential for a correct understanding of a culture?
A Direct contact with tile culture under investigation.
B Knowledge of linguistics.
C A keen interest in scientific disciplines.
D Firm belief in humanitarianism.
28.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A Anthropologists of necessity know how to behave in a foreign culture.
B Anthropologists describe patterns of human behavior.
C Anthropologists all study the behavioral patterns of foreign nations.
D Anthropologists prescribe rules of human behavior.
29.By "the bearers of a particular culture", the author means ______.
A people who can tolerate things that are foreign
B people who share the features of a cultural group
C people who are heavily burdened by their cultural heritage
D people who are able to withstand the impact of a culture shock when in a foreign country
30.The Pierre mentioned in the passage must be ______.
A a quite ignorant person
B a lunatic
C an anthropologist
D a physiologist
31.As we know, blood types A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. Type O can give to any other group; hence it is often called the ______ do- nor.
A common
B universal
C general
D popular
32.His total worldly possessions ______ little more than the clothes he stood up in.
A amounted to
B turned up
C settled for
D came at
33.This course focuses on the ______ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behavior.
A introduction
B combination
C application
D conception
34.If more short journeys were made by bicycles, energy could be saved and pollution ______.
A declined
B reduced
C dropped
D decreased
35.The exhibition ______ such endangered animals as the giant panda and the Siberian tiger and describes the work being done to protect them.
A demonstrates
B exploits
C features
D detects
36.There is no ______ between the sample and the final product he received.
A constraint
B consequence
C conquest
D consistency
37.It was ______ by the railway board that the cost of rail fares would be increased by ten percent.
A noticed
B stated
C proposed
D informed
38.The camps are not usually tent-tupe camps. They are mostly long-established ______ structures, often with strange Indian names.
A permanent
B monotonous
C raw
D historical
39.Blair tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much ______ to those who compete well.
A superiority
B regime
C prestige
D legislation
40.The original elections were declared ______ by the former military ruler.
A surplus
B vulgar
C void
D extravagant
41.It's a result more of ______ than anything else to win the top prize in a lottery.
A effort
B opportunity
C blessing,
D chance
42.One of the ______ of the training program is that it enables the young people to be better candidates for employment.
A viewpoints
B virtues
C adventures
D measures
43.All representatives insisted that the problems requiring immediate solution be given ______.
A urgency
B emergency
C superiority
D priority
44.If everybody takes an active part and says what he thinks, the discussion will surely be ______.
A fruitful
B constructive
C profound
D lengthy
45.The weather wasn't favorble and both teams had to ______ icy rain and a strong wind during the match.
A get stuck in
B contend with
C take control of
D pin down
46.A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the ______ sight on TV.
A pathetic
B frightened
C terrible
D threatened
47.Being a tough guy, he has perfect control of his won ______.
A temper
B affection
C sentiment
D passion
48.The wildlife biologist told my father the sanohill cranes ______ through Warner were rare and vanishing creature.
A moving
B entering
C migrating
D emigrating
49.The doctor ______ Billy's operation with x-rays and special exercises to make him stronger.
A took on
B followed up
C started up
D went after
50.The joys of travel, having long ______ the disabled, are opening up to virtually anyone who has the means.
A neglected
B missed
C discarded
D omitted
| Throughout history man has had to
accept the fact that all living things must die, but people now live longer than
they (51) Yet, all living things still show the (52)
of aging, which will eventually (53)
death. Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the (54) they form do not function (55) they did in childhood and adolescence. The body provides less (56) against disease mad is more (57) accident. A number of related causes may (58) aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not (59) when they, die. As a person ages, (60) of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. (61) body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the (62) cells may not be as viable or as (63) growth as those of a young person. Another (64) in aging may be changes within the cells (65) Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known (66) with age and become less elastic. This is why the skin of old people (67) and hangs loose. This is also the reason old people (68) in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and (69) information that the cells need. Aging may affect this (70) and change the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well. |
51.
A use to
B be used to
C used to
D had
52.
A Sign
B effect
C fact
D symbol
53.
A stem from
B yield in
C originate from
D result in
54.
A brains
B brain
C heart
D organs
55.
A as the past as
B as the same as
C as well as
D so long as
56.
A resistance
B protection.
C energy
D alertness
57.
A inclined to
B tended for
C bent against
D apt at
58.
A concern with
B contribute to
C reduce to
D bring out
59.
A replaced
B reborn
C recovered
D recuperated
60.
A a number
B an amount
C tile number
D most
61.
A Some old
B Old
C The other
D Other
62.
A old
B remaining
C new
D replaced
63.
A competent to
B qualified to
C capable of
D helpful in
64.
A factor
B cause
C reason
D element
65.
A for themselves
B in themselves
C themselves
D of their own
66.
A to reduce
B to decrease
C to change
D to decline
67.
A wrinkles
B rumples
C crinkles
D shrinks
68.
A shorten
B shrink
C fatten
D decrease
69.
A transfer out
B give off
C send off
D pass on
70.
A mode
B procedure
C order
D process
1.One of nature's most destructive forces is the tornado, a violent windstorm that takes the shape of a rotating column of air. Tornadoes almost always occur in conjunction with severe thunderstorms that produce high winds, heavy rainfall and damaging hail. Though their cause is unknown, tornadoes are believed to be the result of the convergence of strong upward wind currents inside a storm with upper level winds above the storm; the greater the air contrast, the more violent the storm will be. The United States has more tornadoes, approximately 750 tornadoes reported each year, than any other country in the world because this is where arctic and tropical air masses most frequently converge. This unpredictability makes accurate tornado forecasts difficult. Though it is possible to determine when a tornado is apt to occur, actual tornado warnings are issued only when a tornado has been sighted or reported on radar. Radar can be used to guess the storm's' likely path, its speed and the intensity of the storm. But conventional radar has limitations. An advanced form of radar, known as Doppler, has the ability to detect the first steps in the formation of a tornado. Unlike conventional radar, Doppler tracks a thunderstorm's rotating wind system which usually precedes the development of a tornado. As a result, Doppler has provided forecasters with the ability to issue tornado warnings as much as 20 minutes prior to a storm's touchdown, compared to a warning of less than 2 minutes by visual sighting. Though tornadoes remain one of nature's most violent forces, the use of radar and advanced warning systems has substantially narrowed their paths of destruction.
2.不只全市的国民生产总值增长厂7.8％，信息产业也实现了跨越式的发展。
3.科学家们要市政府充分注意城市人居环境改进的建议得到了很好的实施。
4.那个农民的儿子宁愿打工读完四年大学，也不愿依靠社会救助或向银行贷款。
5.许多有胆识的外国投资者决心在中国西部同当地企业一起建立合资企业。
6.很多移居城市的人虽然在报酬低、没有什么保障的非正式行业工作，但调查表明，迁移到城市确实改善了他们的生活境况，而且，他们对城市的经济发展起到了重要作用。
1.1．假日黄金周带来许多好处。 2．假日黄金周也引起若干烦恼。 3．我(不)赞成叫停假日黄金周，我建议……