考博英语-464
(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)
Section Ⅰ Vocabulary
There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are .four choices ,marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are .four choices ,marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
1.
In a sudden______of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A attack
B burst
C split
D blast
2.
He is______about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A optimistic
B optional
C outstanding
D obvious
3.
That sound doesn't______in his language, so it's difficult for him to pronounce it.A happen
B occur
C have
D take place
4.
The director was critical______the way we were doing the work.A at
B in
C of
D with
5.
In the______of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to ﹩30 million.A face
B time
C event
D course
6.
My boss insists on seeing everything in______before he makes a decision.A black and blue
B red and blue
C black and white
D green and yellow
7.
It's often a mistake to______appearance; that poor-looking individual is any thing but poor. In fact, he is a millionaire.A go over
B go by
C go against
D go for
8.
I'd______his reputation with other farmers and business people in the communi ty, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A take into account
B account for
C make up for
D make out
9.
The precious manuscripts were hopelessly______by long exposure in the cold, damp cellar.A ruined
B damaged
C destroyed
D harmed
10.
His attention often______at lectures. No wonder he failed the exam.A branched
B wondered
C wandered
D went out
11.
At the meeting, Smith argued______in favor of the proposal.A severely
B warmly
C forcefully
D heavily
12.
The work is not very profitable______cash, but I am getting valuable experience from it.A in the light of
B according to
C on the basis of
D in terms of
13.
The board of the company has decided to______its operation to include all as pects of the clothing business.A extend
B enlarge
C expand
D amplify
14.
In Britain people______four million tons of potatoes every year.A swallow
B dispose
C consume
D exhaust
15.
In no country______Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.A other than
B more than
C better than
D rather than
16.
The accommodation was cheap, but the food was very______.A high
B costly
C dear
D overpaid
17.
The British constitution is______a large extent a product of the historical events described above.A within
B to
C by
D at
18.
A lorry______Jane's cat and sped away.A ran over
B ran into
C ran through
D ran down
19.
Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply______.A appreciated
B approved
C appealed
D applied
20.
He doesn't seem to be able to______any interest in his studies.A make up
B work up
C turn up
D use up
Section ⅡCloze
Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark .your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark .your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
In order to work here the foreigner needs a work permit, which must be (21) for by his prospective employer. The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to (22) or refuse these permits, and there is little that can be (23) about it, it would be extremely unwise (24) a foreign visitor to work without a permit, since anyone doing so is (25) to immediate deportation. There are some (26) to this rule, most nota bly people from the Common Market countries, who are (27) to work without permits and who are often given (28) residence permits of up to five years. Some (29) people, such as doctors, foreign journalists, authors and others, can work without (30)
The problem with the Act is not just that some of its rules are (31) but (32) it is administered, and the people who administer it.
An immigration official has the power to stop a visitor (33) these shores coming into the country. If this happens the visitor has the (34) to appeal to the Immigration Appeal Tribunal (35) the appeals are being considered, the visitor has no choice but to wait sometimes for quite a long time.
The problem with the Act is not just that some of its rules are (31) but (32) it is administered, and the people who administer it.
An immigration official has the power to stop a visitor (33) these shores coming into the country. If this happens the visitor has the (34) to appeal to the Immigration Appeal Tribunal (35) the appeals are being considered, the visitor has no choice but to wait sometimes for quite a long time.
21.
A applied
B made
C asked
D wait
22.
A allow
B admit
C present
D grant
23.
A made
B done
C explained
D talked
24.
A for
B to
C as
D in
25.
A apt
B likely
C liable
D inclined
26.
A exemptions
B exceptions
C extractions
D expositions
27.
A prescribed
B qualified
C entitled
D certified
28.
A temporary
B immediately
C eternal
D next
29.
A more
B fewer
C others
D other
30.
A permits
B ask
C accepts
D clone
31.
A unfair
B fair
C just
D justify
32.
A the way
B that
C the time
D what
33.
A out of
B to
C from
D off
34.
A honor
B force
C right
D authority
35.
A While
B But
C Although
D And
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Read the following .four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choo sing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Read the following .four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choo sing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
1
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actu ally reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happi ness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self-improvement.
Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commit ment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three-day vaca tion. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising chil dren. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activi ties that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money, buying that new ear or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy. we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
36.According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because______.
A he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
B he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
37.Raising children, in the author's opinion, is______.
A a moral duty
B a thankless job
C a rewarding task
D a source of inevitable pain
38.From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from______.
A hatred
B misunderstanding
C prejudice
D ignorance
39.To understand what true happiness is, one must______.
A have as much run as possible during one's lifetime
B make every effort to liberate oneself from pain
C put up with pain under all circumstances
D be able to distinguish happiness from fun
40.What is the author trying to tell us?
A Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.
B One must know how to attain happiness.
C It is important to make commitments.
D It is pain that leads to happiness.
2
It's very interesting to note where the debate about diversity (多样化) is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more im- migrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesn't occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.
Likewise, I don't hear people in the academy saying "Let's go backward. Let's go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘—格选人才)" (which was never true we never had a meritocracy, although we've come closer to it in the last 30 years). I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media--not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses.
41.The word "imperative" ( Line 5, Par
A 1) most probably refers to something______.A. superficialB. remarkableC. debatableD. essential
42.Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?
A Minorities.
B Politicians.
C Professors.
D Managers.
43.High-ranking corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to______.
A lower the rate of unemployment
B win equal political rights for minorities
C be competitive in the world market
D satisfy the demands of a growing population
44.It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A meritocracy can never be realized without diversity
B American political circles will not accept diversity
C it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U. S. media
D minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity
45.According to the passage, diversity can be achieved in American society by______.
A expanding the pool of potential employees
B promoting policies that provide skills to employees
C training more engineers, scientists, lawyers and business managers
D providing education for all regardless of race or sex
3
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate. " Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers de prived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.
In the first test, each subject (实验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well.
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters was transformed into a different one. Non-smok ers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were fas ter than deprived smokers.
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but de prived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
"As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed bet ter than smokers by wider and wider margins. " He predicts, "smokers might perform ad equately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly ade quately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity. \
46.The purpose of George Spilich's experiment is______.
A to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
C to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
D to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
47.George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to______.
A compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D register the prompt responses of the subjects
48.The word "bested" (Line 3, Par
A 5) most probably means______.A. beatB. enviedC. caught up withD. made the best of
49.Which of the following statements is true?
A Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
50.We can infer from the last paragraph that______.
A smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C no airline pilots smoke during flights
D smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
4
There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal combustion engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driv en. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer's impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (读写能力) ; it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.
Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct ac tivities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free them selves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a ca- reer. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.
Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more "user-friendly". Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase "learning to use a computer" mean? It sounds like "learning to drive a car", that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.
In fact, "learning to use a computer" is much more like "learning to play a game", but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.
51.To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should______.
A try to lay a solid foundation in computer science
B be aware of how the things that they use do what they do
C learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills
D understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car
52.In the second paragraph "violin making" is mentioned to show that______.
A programming a computer is as interesting as making a violin
B our society needs experts in different fields
C violin-making requires as much skill as computer programming
D people who can use a computer don't necessarily have to know computer program- ming
53.Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because______.
A programs are becoming less complicated
B programs are designed to be convenient to users
C programming is becoming easier and easier
D programs are becoming readily available to computer users
54.According to the author, the phrase "learning to use a computer" (Line 4, Par
A 3) means learning______.A. a set of rulesB. the fundamentals of computer scienceC. specific programsD. general principles of programming
55.The author's purpose in writing this passage is______.
A to stress the impact of the computer on society
B to explain the concept of computer literacy
C to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrow
D to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job
Section Ⅳ Translation
In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the .five sentences under tined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the .five sentences under tined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
56.
57.
58.
It recognizes governments' rights to take sanitary and pbytosanitary measures but stip ulates that they must be based on science, should be applied only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health and should not arbitrarily or unjustifiabiy discriminate between members where identical or similar conditions prevail.
Members are encouraged to base their measures on international standards, guidelines and recommendations where they exist.
59.
60.
It is expected that members will accept the sanitary and phytosanitary measures of others as equivalent if the exporting country demonstrates to the importing country that its measures achieve the importing country's appropriate ievel of health protection.
Section Ⅴ Writing
You are asked to write a composition in no less than 150 words according to the chart given below. Remember to write clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
You are asked to write a composition in no less than 150 words according to the chart given below. Remember to write clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
1.
(1) 以上图为依据描述发展中国家的预期寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿的死亡率(in fant mortality)的变化情况。
(2)说明引起变化的原因。
答题卡