中国科学院考博英语真题2014年3月
(总分130, 做题时间90分钟)
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary
Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. 
The old bridge is not strong enough to allow the ______ of heavy vehicles.
A passage
B route
C tunnel
D pressure
2. 
The widowed old woman was so lonely that she would talk ______ to the strangers in the supermarkets about her pets.
A at best
B at length
C in bulk
D in effect
3. 
Citizens of developed and developing nations alike face dangers from ______ medicines; they pose a terrible hazard to public health.
A distinctive
B proliferating
C fraudulent
D getting along
4. 
It must be much tougher than I realized, ______ on just 10,000 Yuan a year.
A getting by
B getting away
C getting around
D getting along
5. 
When the relationship of parents and children is at this low ______, mutual love and respect need careful maintenance and rebuilding.
A rate
B rank
C scale
D ebb
6. 
To have a knowledge-based economy and a scientifically ______ population, developing countries must invest in fundamental science and blue skies research.
A moderate
B obsolete
C literate
D desperate
7. 
New Zealanders colloquially refer to themselves as "Kiwis", ______ the country"s native bird.
A for
B by
C with
D after
8. 
These are students who, at some stage of their undergraduate careers have class, either ______, or because they are asked to do so.
A voluntarily
B selectively
C compulsorily
D necessarily
9. 
The sanctions are designed to force Libya to ______ the two Lockerbie suspects and to co-operate in the investigation in a similar case.
A hand in
B hand out
C hand down
D hand over
10. 
I could then realize that he was a fever specialist of world ______.
A renown
B domain
C prominence
D authority
11. 
The Labour defeat was a disaster, but it might be a blessing ______.
A at liberty
B in disguise
C at risk
D in sequence
12. 
Science suggests that the greater part of an optimistic outlook can be ______ with the right instruction.
A acquired
B imposed
C traced
D fabricated
13. 
True modesty does not ______ an ignorance of our merits, but in a due estimate of it.
A count in
B fall in
C consist in
D rein in
14. 
Nearly 4 out of 5 workers at the company take unpaid ______ at least once a week.
A leave
B shift
C change
D slot
15. 
She walked round to the ______ of the car and stood silently while he undid the boot and picked up her bag.
A ream
B ranch
C rear
D realm
16. 
Good leadership requires you to surround yourself with people of ______ perspectives who can disagree with you without feat of revenge.
A cynical
B diverse
C dominant
D indifferent
17. 
The small supplier firm will often be located near to the big firm, and will be expected to provide supplies ______.
A on duty
B on demand
C on purpose
D on record
18. 
Operations which left patients ______ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.
A ignored
B exhausted
C deserted
D alienated
19. 
Disobedience will bring ______ on the nation: fatal disease, famine, wild beasts ravaging the land, and war leading to exile.
A calamity
B provision
C rivalry
D revival
20. 
Obama reiterated his call today for Republicans and Democrats to ______ their differences in the face of the economic crisis.
A lean on
B leak out
C leave out
D lay aside
Part Ⅱ Cloze
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
The relationship between husbands and wives is one of the strongest bonds in our society. It is deep, passionate, and often 1 . The exact amount of husband-wife violence is difficult to 2 , but it is one of the most common of all forms of violence. More calls to the police involve family disturbances 3 all other forms of violent behavior 4 . In 1993, New York city police 5 received 300,000 domestic violence calls. But researchers deemed that it was still an 6 . They estimate that it actually occurs in about one of 7 two marriages.
In many societies, husbands have traditionally had the legal right to physically punish wives who refuse to accept male 8 . Although this practice is no longer 9 in Western culture, it still occurs. 10 , many victims of spousal abuse find that the police are reluctant to be of much help. Battered women report that abusive husbands are merely given a lecture or spend the night in jail and are soon back to their 11 ways. There appear to be two major reasons for this. First, most police officers are male, and they tend to hold a traditional view of gender roles. Even assaults that do serious physical harm to the 12 are often seen as private matters that should be 13 by the married partners, not the police. Second, 14 other violent crimes, a significant percentage of the victim of spousal abuse drop the charges 15 their attackers, some officers feel that even a vigorous enforcement effort is likely to produce few results.
1. 
A fantastic
B alien
C violent
D stressful
2. 
A control
B prove
C suppose
D determine
3. 
A than
B over
C above
D upon
4. 
A documented
B committed
C classified
D combined
5. 
A alone
B else
C itself
D only
6. 
A understatement
B underestimate
C underground
D underproduction
7. 
A those
B both
C all
D every
8. 
A prestige
B authority
C hierarchy
D temperament
9. 
A referred to
B approved of
C carried out
D interfered with
10. 
A Therefore
B However
C Moreover
D Meanwhile
11. 
A everlasting
B continuing
C threatening
D misunderstanding
12. 
A victim
B children
C society
D police
13. 
A disposed
B resolved
C promised
D concerned
14. 
A regarding
B unlike
C rather than
D concerned
15. 
A against
B to
C for
D about
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
Mark Kelly is originally from Lancashire in England. He has been living in Japan for six years and, at the weekend, he is a fake priest. "I was living in Sapporo, studying Japanese, and I needed the money. It"s far better paid than teaching in a language school," he said, "Being a fake priest is big business in Japan—I"ve done a TV commercial for one company," he added. "In Sapporo, there are five agencies employing about 20 fake priests. In a city like Tokyo, there must be hundreds."
The fake Western priests are employed at Western-style wedding to give a performance and add to the atmosphere. These are not legal ceremonies—the couples also have to make a trip to the local registrar. "In the past almost all weddings in Japan were Shinto, but in the last few years Western-style wedding have appeared and become very popular," said one Japanese priest. "Most couples are trying to re-create a European wedding, so they overwhelmingly ask for a foreign priest instead of a Japanese one," he added.
The fake priests in Japan sometimes have to deal with difficult situations. Mr. Kelly has often presided over ceremonies where the bride is pregnant. "It is common. Once, the bride vomited on me and then fainted. It wasn"t very romantic," he said. "Another difficulty is meeting genuine Japanese priests to meet the demand," he said.
One Japanese Christian priest spoke out. "It is a real problem for us. They are not genuine and they give us a bad name," he said. "It is important for the bride and groom to have a proper wedding, and they are not getting it from these foreign priests. I have even heard of hotels using staff when they can"t find anyone else."
But Mr. Kelly argues that the ceremony is not about religion, but about image. "I give a good performance. I use an Apache wedding prayer in my ceremony. It works very well, although I had to take out the part about the bear god in the sky," he said. "If people are crying by the end of the wedding, I think I have done a good job."
1. 
What do we know about Mark Kelly?
A He"s a profession priest
B He"s a language student
C He"s working for a TV station
D He"s earning a living in Japan
2. 
The fake Western priests are in great demand in Japan because of ______.
A the popularity of Western-style weddings
B the bad reputation of Japanese priests
C the decline of the traditional religion, Shinto
D the low prices at which they are hired
3. 
Using a foreign priest at a wedding in Japan is ______.
A forbidden according to criminal law
B meant for having a Western atmosphere
C aimed to save a trip to a registrar
D deemed necessary to add to the solemnity
4. 
According to the passage, Mr. Kelly considers his job rather ______.
A demanding
B amusing
C sacred
D creative
5. 
Japanese priest at a wedding in Japan is ______.
A bringing an end to the occupation
B misleading the bride and groom
C damaging the image of the former
D corrupting the morals of weddings
6. 
According to Mr. Kelly, what mostly interests a Japanese couple at the wedding is ______.
A how well the priest can perform his role
B what religious rituals are being followed
C whether other participants can be moved
D who can make them burst into tears
Passage 2
There are already drugs that brighten moods, like Prozac, and other antidepressants that control levels of a brain chemical called serotonin. While originally meant to treat depression, these drugs have been used for other psychological conditions like shyness and anxiety and even by otherwise healthy people to feel better about themselves.
But is putting people in a better mood really making them happy? People can also drown their sorrows in alcohol or get a euphoric feeling using narcotics, but few people who do so would be called truly happy.
The President"s Council on Bioethics said in a recent report that while antidepressants might make some people happier, they can also substitute for what can truly bring happiness: a sense of satisfaction with one"s identity, accomplishments and relationships.
"In the pursuit of happiness human beings have always worried about falling for the appearance of happiness and missing its reality," the council wrote. It added, "Yet a fraudulent happiness is just what the pharmacological management of our mental lives threatens to confer upon us."
Now the race is on to develop pills to make people smarter. These drugs aim at memory loss that occurs in people with Alzheimer"s disease or a precursor called mild cognitive impairment.
But it is lost on no one that if a memory drug works and is safe, it may one day be used by healthy people to learn faster and remember longer.
Studies have already shown that animals can be made to do both when the activity of certain genes is increased or decreased. Dr. Tom Tully, a professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, created genetically engineered fruit flies that he said had "photographic memory." They could, in one session, learn something that took normal flies 10 sessions.
"It immediately convinced everyone that memory was going to be just another biological process," Dr. Tully said. "There"s nothing special about it. That meant that it was going to be treatable and manipulable."
But experts say that improving memory will not necessarily make one smarter, in the sense of IQ, let alone in wisdom. "It would be a mistake to think that drugs that have an impact on memory necessarily will have an effect on intelligence," said Dr. Daniel L. Schacher, chairman of psychology at Harvard.
"Is it a good thing to remember everything?" Dr. Tully asked. Could a brain too crammed with information suffer some sort of overload?
1. 
Talking of antidepressants, the author expresses dissatisfaction with ______.
A their wide promotion
B their original aim
C their extended use
D their free prescription
2. 
The word "euphoric" (boldfaced in Paragraph 2) can be replaced by the word "______".
A refreshed
B deceptive
C regenerative
D delighted
3. 
According to the Council"s report, for those who seek contentment with their lives, antidepressants can ______.
A cheat them
B please them
C facilitate them
D scare them
4. 
The example of fruit flies is given to show that ______.
A medication for improving memory is safe
B animals can do something humans cannot
C drugs can help healthy people learn faster
D medical science can work some wonders
5. 
The author thinks that, to one, remembering everything could be ______.
A damaging
B deluding
C discouraging
D dissatisfying
6. 
From the passage we can infer that medicines have little power in ______.
A bringing one mixed feelings
B solving psychological problems
C making people remember better
D manipulating brain disorders
Passage 3
The staff of Normandy Crossing Elementary School outside Houston eagerly awaited the results of state achievement tests this spring. For the principal and assistant principal, high scores could buoy their careers at a time when success is increasingly measured by such tests. For fifth-grade math and science teachers, the rewards were more tangible: a bonus of $2,850.
But when the results came back, some seemed too good to be true. Indeed, after an investigation by the Galena Park Independent School District, the principal and three teachers resigned May 24 in a scandal over test tampering.
The district said the educators had distributed a detailed study guide after stealing a look at the state science test by "tubing" it—squeezing a test booklet, without breaking its paper seal, to form an open tube so that questions inside could be seen and used in the guide. The district invalidated students" scores.
Of all the forms of academic cheating, none may be as startling as educators tampering with children"s standardized tests. But investigations in many states this year have pointed to cheating by educators. Experts say the phenomenon is increasing as the stakes over standardized testing become higher—including, most recently, taking students progress on tests into consideration in teachers" performance reviews.
Many school districts already link teachers" bonuses to student improvement on state assessments. Houston decided this year to use the data to identify experienced teachers for dismissal, and New York City will use it to make tenure decisions on novice teachers.
The federal No Child Left Behind law is a further source of pressure. Like a high jump bar set intentionally low in the beginning, the law—which mandates that public schools bring all students up to grade level in reading and math by 2014—was easy to satisfy early on. But the bar is notched higher annually, and the penalties for schools that fail to get over it also rise: teachers and administrators can lose jobs and see their school taken over.
No national data is collected on educator cheating. Experts who consult with school systems estimated that 1 percent to 3 percent of teachers—thousands annually—cross the line between accepted was of boosting scores, like using old tests to prepare students, and actual cheating.
"Educators feel that their schools" reputation, their livelihoods, their psychic meaning in life is at stake," said Robert Schaeffer, public education director for FairTest.
1. 
Paragraph 1 stresses the relationship between students" test results and ______.
A their teachers" interest
B their families" prestige
C their own future success
D their school"s reputation
2. 
According to the passage, the cheating was that ______.
A the test supervisors provided hints during the test
B the test designers trained the testees before the test
C the students exchanged their notes during the test
D the students were given the answers before the test
3. 
It is commonly believed that ______.
A educators rarely get involved in academic cheating
B children"s standardized tests have many drawbacks
C teachers play a key role in their students" cheating
D school intervention helps reduce academic cheating
4. 
In Paragraph 4, the boldfaced word "stakes" refer to "______".
A opportunities
B responsibilities
C benefits
D achievements
5. 
In some places in the US, students" test assessments ______.
A indicate if the students have been effectively taught
B decide whether the teachers can remain in their jobs
C help identify who are fit to pursue a teaching career
D influence how to improve curriculums in the future
6. 
What kind of role does the author think the government plays as associated with educator cheating?
A They are adding to it
B They are lenient with it
C They are overlooking it
D They are serious about it
Passage 4
The debate as to whether the Internet or books are a boon to school education is conducted on the supposition that the medium is the message. But sometimes the medium is just the medium. What matters is the way people think about themselves while engaged in the two activities. A person who becomes a citizen of the literary world enters a hierarchical universe. There are classic works of literature at the top and beach reading at the bottom.
A person enters this world as a novice, and slowly studies the works of great writers and scholars. Respect is paid to the writers who transmit that wisdom.
A citizen of the Internet has a very different experience. The Internet smashes hierarchy and is not marked by respect. Maybe it would be different if it had been invented in Victorian England, but Internet culture is set in contemporary America. Internet culture is egalitarian. The young are more accomplished than the old. The new media is supposedly cleverer than the old media. The dominant activity is free-wheeling, disrespectful, antiauthority disputation.
These different cultures foster different types of learning. The great essayist Joseph Epstein once distinguished between being well informed, being hip and being cultivated. The Internet helps you become well informed—knowledgeable about current events, the latest controversies and important trends. The Internet also helps you become hip—to learn about what"s going on, as Epstein writes, "in those lively waters outside the boring mainstream."
But the literary world is still better at helping you become cultivated, mastering significant things of lasting importance. To learn these sorts of things, you have to defer to greater minds than your Own. You have to take the time to immerse yourself in a great writer"s world. You have to respect the authority of the teacher.
Right now, the literary world is better at encouraging this kind of identity. The Internet culture may produce better conversationalists, but the literary culture still produces better students.
It"s better at distinguishing the important from the unimportant, and making the important more prestigious.
Perhaps that will change. Already, more "old-fashioned" outposts are opening up across the Web. It could be that the real debate will not be books versus the Internet but how to build an Internet counterculture that will better attract people to serious learning.
1. 
Unlike an Internet surfer, a book reader would feel that ______.
A he is surrounded by helpful people
B he is at the top of the academic world
C he is hungry for fame and gain
D he is getting educated step by step
2. 
It is implied that in the literary world, there are ______.
A academic debates
B agreed authorities
C disdainful readers
D careless scholars
3. 
It can be inferred that Victorian England ______.
A emphasized submission to authority
B produced most of the world classic
C witnessed a fast growth of the media
D regarded the new as better than the old
4. 
According to Epstein, "being hip" is being curious about ______.
A crucial issues
B lasting disputes
C outer space
D the latest fashion
5. 
In comparison with literary culture, Internet culture delivers information that is rather ______.
A mixed
B basic
C vital
D useful
6. 
What is suggested about serious learning?
A It will be the gap between the two cultures
B It could be available on the Internet
C It may still be the focus of debate
D It should be given greater attention
Passage 5
America was optimistic almost as a matter of official doctrine right from the outset. Anyone setting up a republic in the 1770s had to be aware that nearly every republic in history had failed, usually under the iron heel of a tyrant or conqueror. No sooner had the American experiment got started than Napoleon repeated the pattern by ruining Europe"s frail republics. Yet this one, safeguarded by an ocean, prospered. British visitors in the 19th century, like Frances Trollope and Charles Dickens, found the Americans" self-confidence, national pride and boastfulness almost insufferable, but they had to admit that the Americans got things done. Enterprising chaps like Andrew Carnegie emigrated from gaunt British poverty to accumulate Wagnerian fortunes on the other side of the Atlantic.
In the 20 th century, too, a succession of visitors as different as Rudyard Kipling, Winston Churchill and Alistair Cooke loved recharging their spiritual batteries with long trips to America. Cooke even made a career out of praising America"s can do attitude, though with an undercurrent of irony at its excesses. What would he make of its current moods?
Today, recession-related jitters are widespread. Nearly everyone knows someone who has just lost their job and can"t help speculating whether they"re going to be next. American gloom comes in both highbrow and lowbrow forms. It has become characteristic of the wealthiest and most highly educated Americans to be pessimistic about their country. They fear the erosion of civil liberties, a loss of competitiveness and an inability to produce new generation of elite scientists.
Lowbrow gloom, sometimes developing into self-contempt, is easy to find just by turning on the TV. Millions watch The Biggest Loser a show in which hideously overweight citizens cast off their last race of dignity as they compete to shed rolls of fat. In Das Kapital Karl Marx made a bitingly ironic remark that the bourgeoisie was becoming so bloated that it would soon be paying to lose weight. The joke"s on him; as it turns out, it"s the pro-bourgeois American working class that is paying millions to slim down, and taking an abnormal interest in others on the same quest.
1. 
In Paragraph 1, the case of American in the 1770s is mentioned in order to stress the country"s ______.
A historical progress
B self-confidence
C political system
D independence
2. 
Frances Trollope and Charles Dickens recognized that Americans were indeed ______.
A successful
B respectable
C tyrannical
D wealthy
3. 
According to the passage, Alistair Cooke ______.
A assisted Americans in fighting several important battles
B accompanied Winston Churchill during an American visit
C mocked America"s extravagant boast of its competence
D gave plenty of praise onto Americans" current moods
4. 
The highbrow gloom in America is characterized by ______.
A seeing little promise of the country
B feeling uneasy about unemployment
C worrying about children"s education
D doubting one"s own competitiveness
5. 
The author seems to think that the program The Biggest Loser ______.
A tells the audience to respect overweight people
B leads the audience to a wrong weight loss method
C helps the participants to build a competitive spirit
D makes the participants lose all of their self-respect
6. 
As implied by the author, the American working class, similar to the bourgeoisie criticized by Karl Marx, is now paying for their ______.
A self-indulgence
B self-deception
C self-possession
D self-satisfaction
Section B
Directions: In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed from the original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choose the most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks (numbered 66 to 75). For each passage there is one sentence that does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
People were riding horses much earlier than previously thought, new archaeological finds suggest. Scientists have now traced the first conclusive evidence of domesticated horses back to Kazakhstan, about 5,500 years ago. That"s 1,000 years earlier than we already knew about, and about 2,000 years before domesticated horses showed up in Europe.
1 Scientists analyzed the horses" lower leg bones, and found that they more closely resembled those of later known domestic horses rather than those of ancient wild horses. The researchers also developed a new method to identify the chemical signatures of fat from horse milk, and were able to find these traces on Botai pottery fragments. 2 .
"The invention of a method to identify the fat residues left by horse milk in ceramic pots is a spectacular and brilliant advance," archaeologists David Anthony and Dorcas Brown of Hartwick College wrote in an e-mail. "If you"re milking horses, they are not wild."
3 . For one thing, it meant people could travel much farther, and much more quickly, than before.
"When people began to ride, it revolutionized human transport," Anthony and Brown said. "We still measure the power of our transportation technologies in horsepower, because for millennia, until just about 150 years ago, that was the fastest transport humans had."
4 They were less nomadic than previous residents of that area, which is why archaeologists have an easier time studying their remains, compared to earlier peoples who moved around so often that they didn"t leave large deposits in any one place. 5 .
"We"ll probably be looking more widely now trying to apply the same techniques to other sites," Brown said. "I wouldn"t be surprised if we find even earlier ones. I think even if there are earlier sites, they"re still going to be in the neighboring area, where those big grass plains are."
A. The advent of horsemanship was a major advance for civilization, right up there with inventing the wheel and making tools out of iron.
B. Finally, a few of the ancient horse skulls bore physical markings on the teeth that could have been made by the use of a harness with a bit in the mouth.
C. Experts suspect that some of these even earlier groups may have also domesticated houses, though.
D. Comparisons were also made to leg bones from modern and 3,000-year-old domesticated horses and from wild Siberian horses that lived more than 20,000 years ago.
E. The Botai people lived in planned-out villages, with houses partly buried underground.
F. Archaeologists have uncovered thousands of horse bones at the site of the ancient Botai culture in Kazakhstan.
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
Passage 2
In 2004 and again in 2006, women told pollsters that the concerns that motivated them to decide whether and for whom to vote were centered on nontraditional "Women"s issues". Women are not single-issue voters, either. 1 . In reality, women"s voting patterns indicate quite the opposite.
Women are not monolithic in their attitudes about, or votes within, the political system. 2 . In the end, women voters ask themselves two core questions when deciding whom to support for president: "Do I like that person?" and "Is that person like me?" The first question is the classic "living room" test. The second is a more complex inquiry that probes whether women believe a candidate cars about, values, confronts, and feats he same things they do.
Party loyalty trumps gender, as indicated by a July 2007 Newsweek survey, which found that 88 percent of men and 85 percent of women say that if their party nominated a woman candidate that they would vote for her if she were qualified for the job. 3 : Only 60 percent of men and 56 percent of women believe that the country is ready for a woman president. With regard to race, voters are less hesitant to vote for a qualified African-American candidate of their party, as 92 percent of whites and 93 percent of nonwhites say that they would endorse such a candidate. 4 : Only 59 percent of white voters and 58 percent of nonwhite voters believe that the country would elect a black president.
Whereas the contest for president is the most wide-open in decades, one thing is certain: 5 .
A. The media"s focus on the contentious ones makes it seem as if women only care about one issue on Election Day and that it takes special attention to that issue to compel women to vote
B. Traditionally, women are thought to gravitate more toward the "SHE" cluster of issues, Social Security, health care, and education, while men are considered more interested in the "WE" issues, war and the economy
C. Like gender, fewer voters doubt that the country is ready for an African-American president
D. Americans express less enthusiasm, however, about the "female factor", when it comes to how they judge their fellow citizens
E. Women, as they have since 1980, will be a majority of the electorate that decides who next occupies the Oval Office
F. When it comes to voting, one woman might vote for all Democrats, another might vote straight-ticket Republican, while a third might take the salad-bar approach to decide her vote
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
Part Ⅳ Translation
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your ANSWER SHEET.
The only advice, indeed, that one person can give another about reading is to take no advice to follow your own instincts, to use your own reason, to come to your own conclusions. 1 If this is agreed between us, then I feel at liberty to put forward a few ideas and suggestions because you will not allow them to fetter (禁锢) that independence which is the most important quality that a reader can possess. After all, what laws can be laid down about books? The battle of Waterloo was certainly fought on a certain day; but is Hamlet a better play than Lear? Nobody can say. Each must decide that question for himself. 2 Everywhere else we may be bound by laws and conventions—there we have none. Then, how are we to bring order into this multitudinous chaos and get the deepest and widest pleasure from what we read?
3 It is simple enough to say that since books have classes—fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him, Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. 4 If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, the signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.
"We have only to compare"—with those words the cat is out of the bag, an the true complexity of reading is admitted. The first process, to receive impressions with the utmost understanding, is only half the process of reading; it must be completed, if we are to get the whole pleasure from a book, by another. 5 We must pass judgment upon these multitudinous impressions; we must make of these fleeting shapes one that is hard and lasting.
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
Part Ⅴ Writing
1. 
Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.
TOPIC

Unlike such things as technology and fashion, some things never change over time.
Name ONE thing that doesn"t change and explain why it"s changeless.